I-Rotameter sisixhobo esinokulinganisa ukuhamba kolwelo kunye negesi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-rotameter yityhubhu eyenziwe ngeplastiki, iglasi okanye isinyithi, idibaniswe ne-float, ephendula ngokulandelelana ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-tube.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweeequations ezinxulumeneyo, iirotamitha zelabhoratri ye-OMEGA™ ziguquguquka ngakumbi.Iingenelo ze-rotameters zibandakanya: uluhlu olude lokulinganisa, ukuhla kwengcinezelo ephantsi, ukufakwa lula kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nesikali somgca.
Ngezibonelelo ezingentla, i-rotameter yeyona ndawo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-flowmeter yendawo.Iqukethe ityhubhu edibeneyo;xa ulwelo ludlula kumbhobho, luphakamisa i-float.Ukuhamba kwevolumetric enkulu kuya kubeka uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwi-float, ngaloo ndlela inyuse phezulu.Kwi-liquid, isantya solwelo oluhambayo ludityaniswe ne-buoyancy ukunyusa i-float;ngenxa yegesi, i-buoyancy ayinanto, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-float ikakhulu kusetwa ngesantya segesi kunye noxinzelelo olubangelwayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbhobho ufakwe ngokuthe nkqo.Xa kungekho mpompoza, i-float iyama ezantsi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulwelo luphume lusuka ezantsi kombhobho, i-float iqalisa ukunyuka.Ngokufanelekileyo, umphakamo odlula kuwo i-float ihambelana nesantya solwelo kunye nommandla we-annular phakathi kwe-float kunye nodonga lombhobho.Njengoko i-float iphakama, ubungakanani bokuvuleka kwe-annular buyanda, okunciphisa umahluko woxinzelelo kwi-float.
Xa i-float enyukayo eyenziwa yi-fluid flow balances ubunzima be-float, inkqubo ifikelela kwi-equilibrium, i-float ifikelela kwindawo esisigxina, kwaye i-float inqunyanyiswa yi-fluid flow.Unokufunda ukuxinana kunye ne-viscosity yesantya sokuhamba kolwelo oluthile.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubungakanani kunye nokubunjwa kwe-rotameter kuya kuxhomekeka kwisicelo.Ukuba yonke into ilinganiswe kwaye ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo, isantya sokuhamba sinokufundwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisikali esisekelwe kwindawo ye-float.Ezinye ii-rotameters zikuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise umlinganiselo wokuhamba usebenzisa iivalve.Kuyilo lwangaphambili, i-float yasimahla ijikeleziswa kunye notshintsho kwigesi kunye noxinzelelo lolwelo.Ngenxa yokuba zijikeleza, ezi zixhobo zibizwa ngokuba zii-rotameters.
Ii-rotameters zihlala zibonelela ngedatha yokulinganisa kunye nezikali zokufunda ngokuthe ngqo kumanzi aqhelekileyo (umoya kunye namanzi).Ukumisela ubungakanani be-rotameter esetyenziswa kunye namanye ama-fluid kufuna ukuguqulwa kwenye yale fom yesiqhelo;kulwelo, ukulingana kwamanzi yi gpm;kwiigesi, ukuhamba komoya kuyalingana nomgangatho we-cubic feet ngomzuzu (scfm).Abavelisi bahlala bebonelela ngeetafile zolungelelwaniso lwala maxabiso ahambayo asemgangathweni kwaye bawasebenzise ngokudibana nemithetho yesilayidi, iinomograms, okanye isoftware yekhompyuter esetyenziselwa ukumisela ubungakanani berotameter.
I-rotameter esisiseko luhlobo lwesalathisi seglasi.I-tube yenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate, kwaye i-float ingenziwa ngentsimbi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-corrosion-resistant stainless steel), iglasi okanye iplastiki.I-Buoys idla ngokuba nemiphetho ebukhali okanye enokulinganiswa, eya kukhomba kufundo oluthile kwisikali.Ii-Rotameters zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokugqibela okanye izihlanganisi ngokwesicelo.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwezindlu okanye i-terminal fittings, ityhubhu yeglasi efanayo kunye nendibaniselwano yensimbi engenasici ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Kuba indibano yetyhubhu edadayo yenza umlinganiselo, le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yokumisela umgangatho.
Izikali zingasetwa ukunika ufundo oluthe ngqo lomoya okanye amanzi-okanye zinokubonisa isikali esilinganisiweyo, okanye ukuhamba kwiiyunithi zomoya/zamanzi, ukuze ziguqulelwe ekuhambeni kolwelo olufanelekileyo ngetafile yokujonga.
Umlinganiselo we-rotameter ohambelanayo unokuthelekiswa netafile yokulungelelaniswa kweegesi ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-oksijini, i-hydrogen, i-helium, i-argon kunye ne-carbon dioxide.Oku kuya kungqineka kuchanekile ngakumbi, nangona kungenakunzima ukufunda ngokuthe ngqo kwisikali.Isikali senzelwe kuphela ulwelo kwiqondo lobushushu obukhethekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, njengomoya okanye amanzi.Emva kokuba ukuguqulwa kugqityiwe, i-flowmeter efanelekileyo inokukunika amaxabiso okuhamba kwamanzi ahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.Ukusebenzisa iiflothi ezininzi kunokulinganisa amazinga okuqukuqela ahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufaka i-rotameter ityhubhu yeglasi kumphakamo womgca wokubona kunokwenza ukufunda kube lula.
Kwishishini, ikhuselo lokukhusela igesi flowmeter ngumgangatho wokulinganisa amanzi okanye ukuhamba komoya phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.Banokulinganisa amazinga okuhamba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 GPM.Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeekhemikhali zolwelo lokulinganisa, iplastiki okanye i-metal end caps ingasetyenziswa.
Kukho imizekelo yolwelo apho iityhubhu zeglasi zingenakusetyenziswa.Amanzi angaphezulu kwe-90°C (194°F), ipH yawo ephezulu ithambisa iglasi;umphunga omanzi unesiphumo esifanayo.I-Caustic soda inyibilikisa iglasi;kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid etched glass: Kwezi zicelo, imibhobho eyahlukeneyo kufuneka ifunwe.
Iityhubhu zemitha yeglasi zinoxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, ezidla ngokuba yimiba ethintela ukusebenza kwee-rotameters zeglasi.Iibhubhu ezincinci ze-6 mm (1/4 intshi) zingasebenza kwiingcinezelo ukuya kwi-500 psig.Umbhobho omkhulu we-51 mm (2 intshi) unokusebenza kuphela kuxinzelelo lwe-100 psig.Iirotamitha zeglasi azisasebenzi kumaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-204°C (400°F), kodwa ekubeni iqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo luqhele ukulinganisa enye kwenye, oku kuthetha ukuba ii-rotameters zisenokungasebenziseki kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.Ukushisa okuphezulu kuya kunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza kwithubhu yeglasi.
Kwimeko yokulinganisa i-gas eninzi okanye imijelo yamanzi ngexesha elinye okanye ukuxuba kunye kwi-manifold, i-glass tube rotameters ingasetyenziswa;zikwafanelekile kwimeko apho ulwelo olulodwa luphuma luphumela kwiitshaneli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kulo mzekelo, iimitha zokuqukuqela zetyhubhu ezininzi zikuvumela ukuba ufake ii-rotameters ezintandathu kwisixhobo esinye sokubeka.
Iityhubhu zetsimbi zihlala zenziwe nge-aluminiyam, ubhedu okanye isinyithi esingenasici kwaye zingasetyenziselwa amaqondo aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.Kuba azicacanga, abalandeli boomatshini okanye bemagnethi abangaphandle kombhobho banokusetyenziselwa ukumisela indawo edadayo.Apha, indibaniselwano yentwasahlobo kunye nepiston inquma izinga lokuhamba.Khetha izixhobo zokugqibela kunye nezinye izinto ngokuhambelana nesicelo ukuphepha ukubola okanye umonakalo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, zingasetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iibhubhu zeglasi kwiimeko apho isando samanzi ngokukhawuleza sibaluleke kakhulu, okanye kwiimeko apho ubushushu obuphezulu okanye uxinzelelo (njengoxinzelelo olunxulumene nomphunga okanye uxinzelelo) luya kulimaza i-rotameter yeglasi Ulwelo olubi.
Imizekelo yolwelo olufanelekileyo lwetyhubhu ye-rotameter lubandakanya ialkali eyomeleleyo, i-alkali eshushu, i-fluorine, i-hydrofluoric acid, amanzi ashushu, umphunga, uludaka, igesi yeasidi, izongezo kunye nesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo.Bangakwazi ukusebenza kwiingcinezelo ukuya kwi-750 psig kunye namaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-540 ° C (1,000 ° F), kwaye inokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuya kwi-4,000 gpm okanye umoya ukuya kwi-1,300 scfm.
I-rotameter ye-tube yensimbi ingasetyenziselwa njenge-flow transmitter kunye ne-analog okanye ulawulo lwedijithali.Ziyakwazi ukubona indawo edadayo ngokusebenzisa ukudibanisa magnetic.Emva koko, oku kushenxisa isalathisi kwi-spiral magnetic ukubonisa indawo edadayo ngaphandle.Abadlulisi bahlala besebenzisa ii-microprocessors ukunika i-alamu kunye ne-pulse output ukulinganisa kunye nokuhambisa ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Izinzwa zoxinzelelo olunzima / lwamashishini zinee-elastic coatings kwaye zinokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zoshishino.Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa i-4-20 mA transmitter eyandiswayo: inokuchasana okukhulu kwingxolo yombane, enokuba yingxaki kwiindawo ezinzima zoshishino.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, kukho amathuba amaninzi okukhetha izixhobo kunye noyilo lwezinto ezidadayo, izigcwalisi, ii-O-rings kunye nokufakwa kokuphela.Iityhubhu zeglasi zezona zixhaphakileyo, kodwa iibhubhu zetsimbi zingasetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko apho iglasi iya kuphuka.
Ukongeza kwiglasi, iplastiki, isinyithi okanye insimbi engenasici, i-float inokwenziwa nge-carbon steel, isafire kunye ne-tantalum.I-float inomphetho obukhali kwindawo apho ukufundwa kufuneka kujongwe ngesikali sombhobho.
Ii-rotameters zinokusetyenziswa kwi-vacuum.Ivalve ebekwe kwindawo yokuphuma yesilinganisi-manzi inokuvumela oku ukuba kwenzeke.Ukuba uluhlu lokuhamba olulindelekileyo lukhulu, i-double ball rotor flowmeter ingasetyenziswa.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ibhola emnyama yokulinganisa ukuhamba okuncinci, kunye nebhola enkulu emhlophe ukulinganisa ukuhamba okukhulu.Funda ibhola emnyama de ibe ngaphaya kwesikali, uze usebenzise ibhola emhlophe ukufunda.Imizekelo yemilinganiselo yokulinganisa ibandakanya iibhola ezimnyama kunye nesantya se-235-2,350 ml / min, kunye neebhola ezimhlophe ezinobuninzi be-5,000 ml / min.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeroyitha zetyhubhu zeplastiki kunokutshintsha amanzi ashushu, umphunga kunye nolwelo oludlekayo ngexabiso eliphantsi.Zingenziwa nge-PFA, i-polysulfone okanye i-polyamide.Ukuze ugweme i-corrosion, iindawo ezimanzi zingenziwa ngensimbi engenasici kunye ne-FKM okanye i-Kalrez® O-rings, i-PVDF okanye i-PFA, i-PTFE, i-PCTFE.
Kuluhlu lwe-4: 1, i-rotameter yebhubhoratri inokulinganiswa ukuchaneka kwe-0.50% AR.Ukuchaneka kwee-rotameters zamashishini kubi kakhulu;ngokuqhelekileyo FS kuluhlu lwe-10:1 yi-1-2%.Ukucoca kunye nezicelo zokudlula, impazamo imalunga ne-5%.
Unokwenza ngesandla umlinganiselo wokuhamba, ulungelelanise ukuvulwa kwevalve, kwaye ugcine isikali ngexesha elifanayo ukulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kwenkqubo;xa ulinganisa inkqubo ethile phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokusebenza, i-rotameter inokubonelela ngemilinganiselo ephindaphindiweyo, kwaye umphumo wokulinganisa ungaphakathi kwe-0.25% yezinga lokuhamba langempela.
Nangona i-viscosity ixhomekeke kuyilo, xa i-viscosity ye-rotor itshintsha incinci, i-rotameter kaninzi ayitshintshi kakhulu: i-rotameter encinci kakhulu esebenzisa umlinganiselo we-spherical iyona nto inovakalelo, ngelixa i-rotameter enkulu ayinabungozi.Ukuba i-rotameter idlula umda wayo we-viscosity, ukufundwa kwe-viscosity kufuneka kulungiswe;ngokuqhelekileyo, umda we-viscosity unqunywe yimpahla kunye nokumila kwe-float, kwaye umda uya kunikwa ngumenzi we-rotameter.
Ii-rotameters zixhomekeke kubuninzi bolwelo.Ukuba kulula ukutshintsha, ungasebenzisa iiflothi ezimbini, enye ixhomekeke kumthamo kwaye enye isetyenziselwa ukulungisa ubuninzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ubuninzi be-float buhambelana nokuxinana kolwelo, utshintsho loxinaniso ngenxa ye-buoyancy luya kubaluleka ngakumbi, okukhokelela kutshintsho olungakumbi kwindawo yokudada.Iirotamitha ezijikelezayo zezona zifanelekileyo kwiincindi ze-viscosity ephantsi ezifana nejusi yeswekile ekrwada, i-petroli, i-jet fuel kunye nee-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo.
Ubume bombhobho onyukayo akufuneki buchaphazele ukuchaneka kokuhamba;musa ukufaka i-flowmeter emva kokuba i-elbow ifakwe kumbhobho.Enye inzuzo kukuba-kuba i-fluid ihlala idlula kwi-rotameter, kufuneka igcinwe icocekile kwaye ingenayo i-debris;nangona kunjalo, ulwelo olucocekileyo lufanele lusetyenziswe kule njongo, ngaphandle kokunokwenzeka kweengqungquthela okanye ukugubungela udonga lombhobho, okuya kubangela ukuba i-rotameter Iba yinto engafanelekanga kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe yinto engenakusebenziseka.
Olu lwazi lufunyenwe, lwahlaziywa kwaye lwahlengahlengiswa kwimathiriyeli enikwe yi-OMEGA Engineering Ltd.
OMEGA Engineering Ltd. (Agasti 29, 2018).Intshayelelo yokulinganisa i-rotameter.AZoM.Ifunyenwe ku-https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=15410 nge-6 kaDisemba, 2020.
I-OMEGA Engineering Ltd. "Intshayelelo kuMgangatho wokuHamba kweRotameter".AZoM.NgoDisemba 6, 2020. .
I-OMEGA Engineering Ltd. "Intshayelelo kuMgangatho wokuHamba kweRotameter".AZoM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=15410.(Ifikeleleke nge-6 kaDisemba 2020).
I-OMEGA Engineering Ltd., 2018. Intshayelelo yokulinganisa i-rotameter.I-AZoM, ijongwe nge-6 kaDisemba, 2020, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?I-ArticleID = 15410.
Kulo dliwano-ndlebe, uSimon Taylor, uMphathi weNtengiso we-Mettler-Toledo GmbH, wathetha ngendlela yokuphucula uphando lwebhetri, ukuveliswa kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho ngokusebenzisa i-titration.
Kolu dliwano-ndlebe, i-CEO ye-AZoM kunye ne-Scintacor kunye nenjineli eyintloko u-Ed Bullard kunye no-Martin Lewis bathetha nge-Scintacor, iimveliso zenkampani, amandla, kunye nombono wekamva.
I-CEO ye-Bcomp, uChristian Fischer, uthethe ne-AZoM malunga nenxaxheba ebalulekileyo yeqela leFomula One McLaren.Inkampani incedise ekuphuhliseni izihlalo zomdyarho zendalo ezidityanisiweyo, ziphinda umkhombandlela wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji oluzinzileyo kumdyarho kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto.
Idizayinelwe ngokukodwa ukuphatha i-low-flow solids kumashishini ahlukeneyo, i-HOMA ye-TP yempompo ye-TP ye-sewage series inokubonelela ngolungelelwaniso oluhlukeneyo ngokweemfuno.
Ulungelelwaniso lwe-XY lubonelela ngokusebenza okusisiseko kwe-XY kusetyenziso lomjikelo ophantsi ongafuni ukuchaneka okuphezulu.
Sisebenzisa iikuki ukuphucula amava akho.Ngokuqhubeka nokukhangela le webhusayithi, uyavumelana nokusetyenziswa kwethu kweekuki.Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe.