Abo bagqiba ukwakha indlu bajamelana nomsebenzi onzima.Kunzima ukwenza umsebenzi wekontraka jikelele kwabanye abantu, kodwa xa uthatha isigqibo sokwakha indlu yakho, njengoko abazali bam benzayo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, kuba nzima ngakumbi.Izigqibo ezisisigidi kufuneka zenziwe kwindawo engqonge ulwazi olunqongopheleyo neguqukayo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inyathelo elingalunganga linokukufaka kubugxwayiba obusisigxina.Xa kudityaniswa nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ekufuneka abantu bam basebenze nzima kulo, ngummangaliso ukuba baphumelele njengangaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kusasondele kwiindawo ezininzi.Ndisakhumbula ukuba utata wayekhathazwa ziintambo zendlu.Iingcingo ze-aluminiyam zinexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, ngelixa ixabiso lecingo lobhedu liye lanyuka kutshanje.Watshixizela amazinyo waza wacela umntu osebenza ngombane ukuba amfakele ubhedu, nto leyo eyaba bubulumko ekugqibeleni, kuba izindlu eziye zanikezela kwiingcingo zombane ezinexabiso eliphantsi ziza kutsha kungekudala kulo lonke elaseUnited States.
Ngasekupheleni koo-1960 nasekuqaleni koo-1970, okwenzekayo kumashishini ombane okuhlala kunye nezorhwebo kwakubiza imali eninzi kwaye kwezinye iimeko yaba sisifundo esibuhlungu kwiiprojekthi ezingaphumelelanga.Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka njani oku.
Ukuze uqonde i-fiasco ye-aluminium wiring, umntu kufuneka akhumbule kungekhona nje isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nemiba yobunjineli bombane, kodwa kunye nemikhosi yemarike eyenza i-aluminium wiring kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ezikhangayo ngelo xesha.Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1960, ukuveliswa kobhedu emhlabeni wonke kwakuphezulu, kodwa imiqathango yokwenziwa ngokuzithandela yokunciphisa ukuthengiswa okugqithisileyo kwamaxabiso.Malunga nexesha elifanayo, ukunyuka kweMfazwe yaseVietnam kunye nokuchuma kweshishini lokwakha izindlu kwandisa imfuno yobhedu, ngelixa ukuveliswa kweshishini lobhedu ngabavelisi baphesheya kwezilwandle kunye nokubethelwa kwabasebenzi basezimayini kuthintelwe ukubonelela.Icudiswe kuzo zozibini iziphelo zobonelelo kunye nemfuno equation, ixabiso lobhedu liphantse laphindeka kathathu phakathi ko-1962 kunye no-1964.
Ucingo lobhedu lude lube ngumgangatho wokuhlala kunye neshishini le-wiring yesekethe yesebe, kwaye umgama wocingo ukusuka kwiziko lomthwalo ukuya kwizibane kunye neziseko ezijikeleze isakhiwo sele kude.Abenzi bombane balwazi kakuhle ubhedu kwaye babhale imimiselo yombane malunga neempawu zayo zokusebenza, kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo baye bayila iiswitshi, iisokethi kunye nezihlanganisi ngokukodwa kwiingcingo zobhedu.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeengcambu ezinzulu zobhedu, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwaqala ukuguqula iingcingo zobhedu zibe yi-antimony, kwaye iikontraka zamandla zaqala ukuva umgca osezantsi uqina.Ezinye kufuneka zihlawulwe.
Faka ialuminiyam.I-Aluminiyam yi-conductor egqwesileyo yombane-ngokungahoywa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, i-aluminiyam irenki emva kobhedu kwitshathi yokuqhuba.I-Aluminiyam isetyenziselwe i-wiring yombane ixesha elide, kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu ziinkampani eziluncedo kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla.Ubunzima bokukhanya kweAluminiyam kunye neendleko eziphantsi ziluncedo olukhulu.I-aluminiyam iye yasetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, ingakumbi kunkcenkceshelo lwenkonzo yokunkcenkceshela ukusuka kwiipali zoncedo ukuya kwiimitha zombane ukuya kumaziko okulayisha.Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa i-aluminium ixhaphake kwii-dryers zeempahla kunye ne-high amperage i-wiring yesekethe yesebe, ayisetyenziswanga kwiisekethe zesebe ezikhanyayo ezenza ubuninzi be-wiring yendlu.Yonke into iya kutshintsha.
Ukuphendula kwingxaki yobhedu, abavelisi becingo baqala ukuvelisa iingcingo ze-aluminium ze-15 A kunye ne-20 A iisekethe zesebe.Le sekethi idla ngokutsalwa ngeengcingo ze-14 AWG kunye ne-12 AWG zobhedu, ngokulandelanayo.Nangona kunjalo, ilungile njenge-aluminiyam, i-conductivity yayo iseyi-60% yobhedu kuphela.Ngoko ke, ucingo lwe-aluminium lwesekethe yesebe kufuneka luphuculwe kwi-AWG elandelayo.I-15 A sekethe yi-12 AWG, kwaye i-20 A yesekethe yi-10 AWG.Abavelisi kufuneka basebenzise intsimbi eninzi, kodwa i-aluminiyam inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba yenza ingqiqo kwezoqoqosho.Ngenxa yoko, iingcingo zealuminiyam zaqalisa ukungena kwisiphaluka sesebe elihlala abantu, zaya kufikelela kwizindlu ezizizigidi ezibini phakathi kowe-1965 nowe-1972.
Esi sigqibo siya kuba sichasene nezizathu ezibini.Eyokuqala yi-alloy ye-aluminium ekhethwe ngumenzi wocingo.Ucingo olusetyenziswayo lusebenzisa i-alloy ebizwa ngokuba yi-AA-1350.Nangona i-AA-1350 ikulungele kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokusasaza amandla angaphezulu kunye nangaphantsi komhlaba, ibalulekile ialuminiyam esulungekileyo enesinyithi somkhondo esongeziweyo, kwaye iimpawu zayo zomzimba zahluke kakhulu kubhedu.Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo okuphezulu kwe-thermal coefficient, i-aluminiyam ye-AA-1350 ibonisa ukuhamba okubalulekileyo, ukonakala xa ucingo lwentsimbi lusanda kunye nezivumelwano ngenxa yokufudumeza.
I-creep yoqhagamshelo lombane ingaba nzima.Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwangoku, nayiphi na i-conductor iyatshisa, kodwa ngenxa ye-coefficient yayo ephezulu yokwandisa, i-aluminium yanda ngaphezu kobhedu.Ukwandisa kunye nokunciphisa iingcingo zinokukhulula ii-terminals, ezikhulula iingcingo kwaye zibangele i-arcing, enokuthi ibangele ubushushu obuninzi kunye nokunyuka, de kube ekugqibeleni kubekho umthombo womlilo kwiindonga zendlu.
Ufakelo olungafanelekanga lunokonyusa i-creep, ehlala isenzeka njengoko ii-electricians zitshintsha ukusuka kubhedu ukuya kwi-aluminiyam.I-aluminiyam ithambile kakhulu kunobhedu, ngoko ke kunzima ukufumana itorque yesikrufu esifanelekileyo.I-Aluminiyam iphinde ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza i-oxidizes xa ibonakaliswe emoyeni, yenza umaleko onqabileyo okhuselayo onokunyusa ukuxhathisa koqhagamshelwano.Ucingo lwe-aluminiyam kufuneka luphathwe nge-preservative ngaphambi kokupheliswa, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu.Ngaphezu koko, abavelisi beesokethi kunye nokutshintsha baye bacotha ukuhlengahlengisa iimveliso zabo ukuze bahlangabezane nemfuno ye-aluminium, okukhokelela ekudibaneni okungathembekiyo ukuba kuthande ukukhahlela.
Ekugqibeleni, i-chemistry esisiseko ibonakala ingahoywa.Khumbula ukuba okoko nje iintsimbi ezingafaniyo zichaphazela enye kwenye, isiphumo sangoku sombane siya kwenzeka.Yintoni efunekayo ukuze kubangele ukubola ngumlinganiselo omncinci we-electrolyte, njengokunciphisa umphunga wamanzi emoyeni oshushu kunye nokungena kwiindonga zangaphandle ezibandayo kunye neengcingo.Imidibaniso eCorrored luqhagamshelo olunokumelana okuphezulu kunye neziphumo ezinokuqikelelwa.
Njengoko indlu yocingo lwe-aluminium yaqala ukutshisa, abacimi bomlilo kunye nabalungisi be-inshurensi abakwazanga ukukunceda kodwa baqaphele ingxaki, kwaye iintsuku zokusebenzisa i-AA-1350 i-wiring yendlu yaphela.Ngo-1972, ishishini lombane laliguqule ngokuthe ngqo i-aluminium i-wiring ukusuka kwiinkcukacha zombane ezihlaziyiweyo, ezichaza iifomyula ezintsha zemilinganiselo yocingo lwe-aluminium, kwaye emva koko yajika kubenzi bezixhobo, abatshintshe iimveliso zabo ukuze zihambelane neengcingo ze-aluminium.Abavelisi bocingo baphinde batshintsha iimveliso zabo, beyila ii-alloys ezintsha kuluhlu lwe-AA-8000, ukuxuba isinyithi kumxube wokunciphisa iindlela zokuhamba.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi inokugcina i-aluminium kwisiphaluka sesebe.Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1970, uninzi lweziphaluka zesebe kwisakhiwo esitsha zazingasasebenzisi ialuminiyam, kodwa zazingekabikho ngaphambili.Isiseko sokufakela iintambo ze-aluminium sikhulu, kwaye izindlu zelo xesha zaziphantsi kokuhlolwa okungqongqo ngabahloli bezindlu xa betshintsha abanini.I-fiasco yeengcingo ze-aluminiyam yenze iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zokunciphisa umngcipheko, ukusuka kwiziqhagamshelo ezibiza kakhulu ukuya kwi-crimps ezikhethekileyo ezibanda iingcingo ze-aluminiyam ukuya kwi-copper pigtails.Kwakhona kukhetho lokususa ngokupheleleyo i-aluminium yesebe yesekethe i-wiring kwaye uyitshintshe ngobhedu, nangona oku kubiza kwaye kuyonakalisa.
Xa amandla emarike engqubana neendlela ezingcono zobunjineli, iinzame zeshishini kwi-aluminiyam zibonakalise ukuba sisifundo esixabisa kakhulu.
Ingxaki apha asikokuba i-wiring itshiphu.Kuphela nje abantu abayazi indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo.Ngokucacileyo, oku akukokwehla kwezinye iindlela zocingo zobhedu.
Kukho enye ingxaki ngocingo lwe-AL.Ubushushu nokufuma kwabangela ukuba yonakaliswe.Ndiphulukene ne main wire yomhlaba ndawa ndawa 2 strands, enye ibiluthuli.Oku kuya kubangela ukuba iingcingo ezishushu ziwele, kubangele ukuba amandla ombane atsibe aye ku-200V, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ibhalbhu yam ekhokelweyo iyaba luzizi/iyakhazimla.
Ndibeke i-sub-panel ye-100A ekhaya, kwaye umqhubi wombane endiye ndabonisana naye wandixelela ukuba ndisebenzise i-Al kuba ixabisa malunga ne-1/10.Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, akukho ngozi.Kwimeko nayiphi na into, iingcingo ezingena endlwini zivela kwisitalato zonke ziyi-95% Al, kwaye ayizange ibambe umlilo!Iqhinga liyi-torque efanelekileyo, izixhumi ezilinganisiweyo kwaye akukho oksijini.
Emva kweminyaka emi-6, ndiza kujonga unxibelelwano lwam minyaka le, kwaye ndiyijongile i-ESA ngaphandle kweengxaki.Ukuba yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, akukho ngozi.Ingxaki kwixesha elidlulileyo yayiyizitshixo zobhedu ezicocekileyo ezixhunywe kwiingcingo ze-aluminium, njl.
Ewe, ukuba umsebenzi uchanekile, ucingo lwe-aluminiyam lukhuselekile.Inxalenye yengxaki yesiphaluka se-Al yesebe kukuba abanini bezindlu bahlala betshintsha ukutshintsha kunye neesokethi ngaphandle kokwazi iteknoloji echanekileyo, okanye badibanise izixhobo zokukhanyisa kwiintambo zocingo.
Njengomninikhaya, ndingayingqina loo nto.Indlu yam ineentsimbi zokuvala ukuya kwibhokisi yentsimbi.Kukho i-insulated emnyama namhlophe ngaphakathi kwe-MC, kunye neekhonduki ze-aluminium eziveziweyo.Ukuba ipheliswe ngokuchanekileyo, oku akuyongxaki.I-MC ngokwenene isisiseko.Ngaphambi kokufaka i-aluminiyam kwisincedisi, i-aluminiyam kufuneka inqunyulwe okanye igotywe ngasemva ngaphandle kwe-MC.Nangona kunjalo, kwiibhokisi ezimbalwa, abanini bezindlu zangaphambili badibanise i-aluminium kwi-screw yomhlaba kwi-socket, kunye neentonga zocingo zobhedu kwibhokisi eneziseko ezininzi.Oku kuziphatha akundikhathazi (ndizisombulule zonke iingxaki ngoku), kodwa kubonisa imbono yokuba ndiya kwenza nantoni na xa ndijongene nabantu abangabazi.
Ndenze oku ngokunyanzelwa ngumhloli.Oku akuyonyani, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo akuyongxaki, kuba xa isebenza ngokukhululekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ayihambi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ichukumise naziphi na izinto ezihambayo.Ndikhetha ukusebenzisa isinyithi kunye nenqwelomoya ephantsi (i-green insulated ground wire e-US).Isikrweqe sisafuna ukuncamatheliswa, kodwa isikrweqe se-aluminium, ukusetyenziswa kweengcingo ezikhethekileyo zobhedu kunokwenza umhlaba uthembeke ngakumbi (ewe, le nkcazo inokuthetheleleka: izichasi zobhedu zihlala zigcinwa kwixabiso elifakiweyo, ngelixa i-aluminium iphoswe ngentsimbi yentsimbi. izincedisi, Al ukuhlelwa kunye nezincedisi kwiibhokisi aluminiyam ngokuqhelekileyo ukwandisa ngokuhamba kwexesha, nangaphandle kwamanzi engamanzi Isikrweqe kusafuneka ukuba isekelwe kwiziphelo zombini ekhoyo phambi kokufaka umatshini omtsha Yenza uvavanyo lomhlaba, kunye Ukusilela kugqitha umda?
Ayishukumi kwaye ayichukumisi into.Imalunga nokukhulula kwikhonkco, i-oxidize kwaye ibe ludibaniso oluphezulu lokumelana, olutshisa kwaye ekugqibeleni lunyibilikise undoqo we-aluminium.I-aluminiyam ene-oxidized yi-aluminiyam oxide enobushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika, kodwa i-aluminiyam e-oxidized yangaphakathi inendawo ephantsi kakhulu yokunyibilika.Oku kuya kubangela ukuba uqhagamshelo lwakho luphume ngaphakathi kwaye lubangele ukuba unxibelelwano lube lula.
Ukudibanisa komhlaba, akukho okwangoku ixesha elide (ngethemba), ngoko ke ukufudumeza akusekho ingxaki.Ukuze ugcine umdibaniso wokumisa udityanisiwe, ukuchasana kwesiseko kufuneka kuphela kube ngaphantsi kuneyakho kwaye unikeze uxhulumaniso olwaneleyo lokuhamba ngokufanelekileyo ngoku ukuhamba kwe-breaker circuit.
Intsimbi yokugquma ayingomhlaba.aluminiyam.Ucingo lomhlaba lucingo olusemhlabeni kwaye ugobe ngasemva njengoko uchaza ukumisa isikrweqe seMC.Ityhubhu ye-aluminiyam ejikelezayo iya kuba yi-oxidized njengenye i-aluminiyam, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu inokubangela ukuba umhlaba ujikeleze kubo bonke ubude be-spiral.Oku kunokwanela ukukhusela i-breaker circuit ukuba ingakhubeki, ngelixa elifanayo lisebenza njengento yokufudumala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ingcwatywe kwi-insulating layer yobomi obungapheliyo kunye nokutsha.aluminiyam.Kukho ucingo oluphantsi komhlaba ukunika indlela ephantsi yokumelana nomhlaba ukuthintela oku kungenzeki.
Ukuba uxhulumaniso lwakho lomhlaba luneengxaki zokwandiswa kwe-thermal, kukho into engalunganga-ngaphandle kokuba kukho impazamo, umhlaba awuyi kubona okwangoku.Andizazi iimfuno ze-NEC ze-Al grounding.Izizathu, kodwa ndiza kuba ndilahlekile, ndicinga ukuba kufuneka zidweliswe ngokuthe ngqo ku-Al.Indlela ye-UL.
Ngamanye amaxesha, izixhobo zocingo zombane zinokudinga ukudwelisa iimvavanyo ze-UL kwiphepha elimhlophe elihlangabezana neemfuno zocingo ze-NEC.Uninzi lweesokethi zale mihla kunye neetheminali zokutshintsha ziqinisekisiwe nge-UL kwaye zingasetyenziselwa kuphela uqhagamshelo lwecingo lobhedu.Ucingo lwe-aluminiyam kufuneka lujijelwe ngocingo lobhedu ukuze ludibanise nayiphi na indawo yokuthengisa okanye indawo yokuhlala kunye ne-switchgear.Ngaphandle kokuba i-arhente yemvume ye-AHJ yamkele ulungelelwaniso olukhethekileyo, umenzi uthi ihlala ihlangabezana neemfuno ezidweliswe yi-UL.R. Benton Jacks
Enye ingxaki kukuba uninzi lokutshintsha kunye neesokethi zenzelwe i-14 okanye i-12 iingcingo zegeyiji, kwaye ukufaka iingcingo ze-Al ezinkulu kuzo kunokubangela unxibelelwano olubi okanye konakalise iingcingo.
Umntu osebenza ngombane ulungile.Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa i-aluminiyam njengesondlo, kuba i-aluminiyam ayisoloko ikhathazwa ngabadlali basekhaya.Ukuba zilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-deoxygenating compounds kwaye ziqiniswe kwiinkcukacha ezichanekileyo, akukho ngxaki.Xa abantu betshintsha iisokethi kunye nokutshintsha, baphatha ngokungafanelekanga i-aluminium.Esi sisiqalo sengxaki.Ukongezelela, izixhobo ezininzi zibandakanya iingcingo zobhedu ezidibanisa i-nut kwisekethe yesebe.Ukuba udibanisa ubhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam, iya kwenza i-oxidize kwaye ivelise ubushushu.Kubaxhasi, kunzima ukuthenga ubhedu ngobukhulu obukhulu, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, ubhedu luya kuba lubiza ngokukhawuleza.Iinkampani zamandla zisebenzisa i-aluminium feeders njengengqwalasela yolawulo lweendleko, kwaye kunxibelelwano lwangaphandle nangaphantsi komhlaba, iindlela zokudibanisa zihluke kwaye isizukulwana sokushisa sincinci.
Iyisebenzisa kwiqela le-15-20 amp circuits yesebe, ixube kunye neengcingo zobhedu ezikhoyo, njalo njalo, ezinokubangela iingxaki zangempela.
Oku.Ialuminiyam yimathiriyeli ekumgangatho olinganiselweyo wamakhulu okanye amawaka e-ampere kwizicelo ezininzi zangoku phantsi kwe-United States kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.Ayizizo iisekethe zesebe ezincinci.Iintambo zothumelo ezingaphezulu kwezigaba ezithathu ozibona endleleni okanye njengenxalenye yomzila omkhulu wothumelo?aluminiyam.Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.Ngokukodwa kumandla ombane aphezulu.
"Kuye kwavela ukuba xa amandla entengiso engqubana nezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zobunjineli, iinzame zeshishini kwi-aluminium sisifundo esibiza kakhulu."
Okuninzi okufana: xa utshintsho loyilo lwenziwa ngaphandle kovavanyo olwaneleyo lwangaphambili.Ndicinga ukuba le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yobunjineli ngokwayo, kodwa ukuba i-push ye-aluminium yocingo iphathwa lulawulo lwenkqubo yobunjineli ngokucokisekileyo, iya kusebenza kakuhle (jonga isiphelo se-AA-8000) kwaye iya kuba ngcono kune-Wiring yobhedu ingabizi kakhulu. .Ngoko ke, ukuba indleko kwaye inokwenzeka "yeyona ndlela ilungileyo", ngoko ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye linokwenzeka kufuneka libe "yiprojekthi engcono".
Yonke imiba yobunjineli (umbane, oomatshini, inqwelomoya, isoftware, njl.njl.) ilandela imigaqo esisiseko efanayo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayihoywa.Xa utshintsha amacandelo enkqubo, kufuneka uphinde uqinisekise inkqubo, hayi nje amacandelo.
@p Ngamanye amazwi, utshintsho kwisixokelelwano (sombane, oomatshini, inqwelomoya, isoftware, njl.njl.) lukrelekrele kunenjineli eyiyilileyo.(akunjalo)
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ulumke, kodwa kufuneka aqonde ngokupheleleyo zonke iiparamitha zoyilo lokuqala, kubandakanya nethamsanqa.Oko akufane kwenzeke.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, eli nqaku malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-aluminiyam kwiphepha elifanayo nenqaku eliqala ngesicatshulwa sika-Ayn Rand ngaphandle kovavanyo olwaneleyo lwangaphambili.Ndizifumene ndibhala kwakhona inxalenye yokuqala yencoko yababini phakathi kukaJames noDagne Taggart, emva koko ndibeke phantsi iAtlas Shrugged.Oku kwanika uYakobi isizathu esisengqiqweni.Wayechasene nomyalelo kaDagne we-1,000 yeemayile zoluhlu lukaloliwe.Nayiphi na ingxubevange ye-aluminiyam evavanyiweyo ngaphandle kwelebhu, kwaye akukho vavanyo olucacileyo lweemayile ezininzi kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
“Nasiphi na isidenge esisisidenge singakha ibhulorho eyomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba siqhube.Iinjineli kufuneka zakhe ibhulorho “nje” eyomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ikwazi ukuwela.
Jonga.Kodwa nceda uthelekise iVCR yangaphambili kunye neVCR yamva.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zincinci kwaye zihluke.Ngokomzekelo, iiplastiki zetsimbi zisetyenziswa.Uyilo "lokwaneleyo" ukusebenzisa, ukuba aluhlali ixesha elide.
Kukho ucingo lwe-aluminiyam endlwini yam kuba yayakhiwe nge-50s.Ke ngoko, ixabiso lokuthenga indlu yam lathotywa kwixabiso elibuzwe ngumvavanyi.Ndichithe iiyure ndisongeza ialuminiyam okanye iziqhagamshelo ezijijekileyo ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu yam ayizukutsha.Le yingxaki ebonakalayo esekho nanamhlanje, ngakumbi kuba kukho amawaka ezindlu ezindala apho.Iziqhagamshelo ziyabiza, kodwa iindleko ze-inshorensi nazo ziyabiza.Kufuneka uluchaze olu hlobo lwento kuba iyingozi yomlilo.
Eli nqaku liyichaza kakuhle le ngxaki.Xa kuthelekiswa nobhedu, i-aluminium ine-coefficient enkulu yokwandisa.Njengoko ubudala bezixhobo zokusebenza, izikrufu kunye neetheminali ziya kukhululeka, kwaye umngcipheko wokusebenzisa i-Al uya kuba phezulu.Ndinamabali amaninzi malunga nezinyusi ezingasebenziyo ngenxa yeetheminali ezikhululekileyo.Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngaba ukonga iindleko zexesha elifutshane kuwufanele umngcipheko?Ndicinga ukuba kuxhomekeke ekubeni ujonga kaninzi kangakanani izixhobo kunye nokuba uzimisele ukunciphisa ixabiso lendlu.
Ndisakhumbula ndifunda ukuba ialuminiyam ayinakugoba njengobhedu.Le yingxaki yokuba i-socket iya kuhamba kancinci xa iplagi okanye ikhupha.
^Le nto.Njengomkhuhla, ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba iingcingo ze-aluminiyam ziya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zasekhaya ezingabizi kakhulu, ezinjengee-oveni zemicrowave.Kwithiyori, iingcingo zangaphakathi aziyi kugoba kakhulu, kodwa andizithengi.
Ngaba uqinisekile ukuba akukho bhedu olubotshelelweyo?Ndiyazi ukuba ezinye iziguquli ze-oveni ye-microwave zisebenzisa i-AL yocingo lwemagnethi kumoya wokuqala, kodwa ayonto inkulu.Ikhoyili yayo igqunywe ngevanishi emva koko idityaniswe kwiindawo ezimbini.Akukho nto ingako engalunganga.
Ewe, ndiqinisekile.Ubhedu lufana negolide ye-scraper, ngoko kufuneka siyihlolisise.Ewe, ii-microwaves ezininzi zikwanazo neengcingo ze-aluminiyam kwiziguquli.Ngandlela-thile wonakalise ubumnandi bokubachitha...
Uya kubona i-aluminiyam eninzi kwiziguquli eziphantsi kunye neenjini.Ingxaki kukuba bayayivanisha njengocingo lobhedu, kunzima ngokwenene ukuxelela ukuba ivanishi ayikrwelwanga.
Ngethuba nje uqonda iimpawu ze-aluminium, akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngokusebenzisa ucingo lwe-aluminium kuzo naziphi na izinto ezibandakanya izixhobo zendlu.Iingcingo zeAluminiyam zingade zisetyenziswe kwiingcingo zendlu kwaye ngoku ziyaqondwa ngabantu.I-socket yokugqibela endiyijongileyo yayiphawulwe nge-AL / CU (i-aluminium kunye ne-copper ratings), eyandixelela ukuba baqikelele indlela yokwenza indawo yokungaphumeleli (i-screw terminal) ikhuselekile.
Nciphisa iindleko zovavanyo, ayikukongela irhafu yepropathi minyaka le?Ukuba unokugcina iindleko zokufakela kwaye uziqinisekise, unokwenza kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, okubonakala ngathi kuyimpumelelo kum.
Hayi kwiindawo ezininzi zaseUnited States.Uvavanyo lwerhafu lusekelwe kwifomula (indawo yomhlaba, ubume kunye nobukhulu, iimpawu zesakhiwo ezinokuthi zihlalwe (ezifana nenani kunye nobukhulu bezindlu zokulala, inani kunye nobukhulu bezindlu zokuhlambela, amanye amagumbi, iifestile kunye nemisebenzi) (izibane zesibhakabhaka zongeza malunga kuvavanyo lwam lwerhafu $1000)) Umgangatho ongaphantsi ogqityiweyo, ukulungiswa, okufana neesinki zokuhlamba impahla, njl.njl.), okona kulungileyo, zinxulumene nexabiso lemarike kwinqanaba elithile.Uhlolo lwam lwerhafu luphindwe kabini kwixabiso lam lemarike.Uvavanyo luhlengahlengiswa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lendlu (ibhaliswe kwibhloko kwindawo yam), ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yepropati.Ukuba ukude kakhulu kwimarike, kwithiyori, unokubhenela.Kwindawo yam, ngaphandle kokuba ifomula ayichanekanga okanye izinga lifunyenwe lingachanekanga, izibheno azifane zisebenze.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlobo lwe-wiring, ipeyinti ezinyaweni, kwaye ngenxa yoko, i-termites kunye nemingxuma emgangathweni ayichaphazeli uvavanyo lwerhafu.
Ireyithi ye-inshorensi inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemarike/ixabiso lokutshintshwa kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko, kubandakanywa umgama osuka kwiplagi yomlilo, uhlobo locingo, ubudala kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa kombane, ubudala kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa kwegesi, ukuqwalaselwa kwesakhiwo kunye nomonakalo wentubi. , ipeyinti IiFlakes kunye nemingxuma emgangathweni (zonke ezi migodi zinexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa zandisa umngcipheko, ngoko kufuneka uhlawule ngakumbi ukunciphisa ukukhuselwa).
Ndinendlu endala kwaye ndifuna ukuphucula inkonzo yayo ukusuka kwi-60A ukuya kwi-200A.Yonke into kufuneka ihlaziywe ukuhlangabezana nemimiselo yangoku.Ekubeni kwakungekho cingo lwasemhlabeni, ekugqibeleni ndachitha iminyaka eyi-3 ndisusa kwaye ndibuyisela zonke iingcingo.Emva kokugqitywa, igumbi ngalinye linesaphuli sesekethe esizinikeleyo, endaweni yokusebenzisa iifuse ezisi-7 ukunika amandla onke amagumbi okulala ama-5/2 amagumbi okuhlambela.
Xa ndisusa isiseko semitha endala, ndafumanisa ukuba i-sheath yocingo ibonisa iimpawu zokunyibilika.Iibhokisi ezimbini ze-fuse ezine zibekwe ngapha nangapha kwaye ziboshwe kunye namantongomane aqhekezayo.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezimbini zeesekethe zidibene kunye, ngoko ke ukukhupha i-fuse akuzange kusebenze isebe (kunzima ukuyifumana).Zininzi nezinye izono ezincinci, zininzi kakhulu.Andazi ukuba kwakutheni ukuze loo ndlu ingatshi.
Elinjani inqaku elifike ngexesha.Ndisanda kuthenga indlu enesiphaluka sesebe le-aluminium (ewe, ngenjongo).Ngeli hlotyeni, ndiza kuqalisa ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kobhedu, ukunyakaza kwephaneli kunye nepaneli encinci yegaraji.Lo ngumsebenzi omkhulu, kodwa uninzi lomsebenzi ndingawenza ngokwam, ukuze ndikwazi ukuwuhlawulela.
Nayiphi na idatha enokubangela umlilo xa usebenzisa i-socket "ye-wiring"?Ndinezindlu ezimbini, kwaye eyona ndlela iphambili yoqhagamshelo kuqhagamshelo lwengcingo ngasemva endaweni yezikrufu.Ndifumene ukuba izindlu ezininzi zingasebenzi kakuhle okanye zibonisa i-carbonization.
Njengocingo lwe-aluminiyam, utshintsho lwenziwe ukulungisa iingxaki zakwangoko.Oko kuthethiweyo, andikasebenzisi ukuhlatywa ngasemva (indlela yonxibelelwano lwasemva kwentwasahlobo) kuba basasilela ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
Ndisebenzise iindidi ezininzi zeengcingo zangasemva ezineentsimbi eziqinileyo (faka iingcingo ngemingxunya yesikhokelo kwaye uqinise izikrufu endaweni yokuhuka iziphelo zocingo)
Ndiyasithanda isikrufu esitsha sokubanjwa, uhlobo oludala "lokutyhala kunye nethemba" endidibene nalo.
Ndithathe indawo yesokethi zokutyhala eziya zisiba shushu.Andikhathali nokuba umntu uthini, andizisebenzisi.Oku akunjalo xa iisokethi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibiza ngaphezu kweedola ezimbini.
Uhlobo olune-fixing screw + clamp lunokuthembeka ngakumbi kunocingo oluphantsi kohlobo lwe-screw.Isixhobo sisentwasahlobo eqinileyo yealloy, ke ayizukuhamba ngebhayisekile yobushushu.Ukusukela ngoo-1960, oku kube lubumbeko olusemgangathweni lweetheminali zezikrufu zamashishini.
Ndikhumbula xa beqala ukuphuma.Ndiyathandabuza, kodwa bendisasebenzisa i-backstab.Heyi, le yimveliso edweliswe ngu-UL.Ngethamsanqa, ndiye ndalungisa ikhitshi lomhlobo wam owathenga indlu endayixhoma ngocingo kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo.Le yindlu apho ndisebenzise indlela ye-backstab.Xa ndikhupha i-socket okanye nditshintshele ukuphinda ndisebenze iisekethe ezithile, i-socket / iswitshi yayiza kuwa.Ukuchasana okuphezulu, umonakalo ocacileyo wokushisa.Into eyandothusayo kukuba izihlanganisi ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje zatshintsha amandongomane.
Isomisi sam sempahla siyayeka ukusebenza ngamaxesha athile.Ke ngoko, ndijonge lonke unxibelelwano kwisomisi.Akukho thamsanqa.Ngamanye amaxesha, ikhaya lam (elitsha) lalinengxaki ngocingo lwesokisi esomileyo, ndiye ndalivula.
I-Backstab?Ayiphelelanga.Umntu wocingo ucinga ukuba le yi-backstab, nangona eneneni iyi-backstab efuna izikrufu ukuba ziqiniswe.Indlu yam entsha yatshiswa.
Ngaba umntu osebenza ngombane wenze impazamo?Akwenzeki kakhulu.Unokontraka mhlawumbi uqeshe umhlobo womtywini wemibhobho yamanzi ukuba enze iintambo zombane.
Ngaba banokwenza uqhagamshelo lokuhlaba ngasemva malunga ne-50A naphi na?Andiqinisekanga malunga nelizwe/ummandla wakho (kunye ne-voltage kunye ne-amperage), kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba ungumsebenzisi wase-US, okwangoku okuqhagamshelwe kwesomisi sakho yi-40A okanye ngaphezulu.Andizange ndiyibone enye yazo okanye ndiphinde ndiyibone ekaMeva kamva.
Ukunikezelwa kwenkcazo yelinye iqela, babhekisela kuzo zonke ezomisi zombane zeempahla.Nokuba ngubani oqhuba isekethe ye-540 V, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqinise izikrufu ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela abaqhubi.
Ibi!Yi-240-volt yokudibanisa, enokuba ngama-amps angama-50, kodwa andicingi njalo ngoku.Isinxibelelanisi ayisositayile sokuhlatywa ngasemva, kodwa “iphupha elibi leplumber” elilidibanisayo, ngokucacileyo.Iyamangalisa, kuba yonke indlu yi-20A, kunye neengcingo ezisemacaleni ezifanelekileyo, usebenzisa izikrufu njengengcweti yombane ethembekileyo.
Iprojekthi yam ngoku yeyokulungisa iingcingo zombane, endiye ndahlawulela ukufakela izithinteli-mlilo.Benza kakubi kwaye abazange bakwazi ukumelana nokutsalwa kocingo olubatsalileyo.Nceda ulinde, asiyiyo iprojekthi yangoku le.Le yiprojekthi enokwenzeka.Ewe ndicinga ukuba ndithetha iprojekthi ye-VOLTAGE.
EUnited States, uluhlu ludla ngokuba yi-50A.Ngenxa yokuba oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-conductor ezixineneyo, kunzima ukuyityhala kukhetho C. Zonke izomisi zempahla zombane zihlala ziyi-30A.Ingondliwa ngababhexeshi abaqinileyo, kodwa andizange ndidibane nokhetho lokutyhala apho.
Ewe, iivenkile ezintandathu kwivenkile yam zivaliwe kunyaka ophelileyo.Kuvela ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani odibeneyo kwi-socket, i-back stab yezinye iisokethi ze-GFCI eziboshwe nge-daisy zisetyenziswa.Ndahamba ndayokusebenza ngendawu etshileyo ukuze ndibonise umkhuluwa wam.
Ezi zixhobo zisenokusetyenziswa.Ngokucacileyo, inani elikhulu lovavanyo lwesampulu kwishishini le-inshurensi alikavezi iingxaki ezixhaphakileyo.Xa ezo seti zedatha zincinci zifuna ukubonisa ukuba zikhona, azikafiki kweli nqanaba.Ishishini le-inshurensi likhona ukwenza imali.Ngokuphathelele imilinganiselo abayincomelayo, abayi kuyinyamezela ilahleko, yaye abayi kuba ngqongqo gqitha ukuba babe nokuhlawula iindleko zokwakha izakhiwo.
Abayi kuba nemiqathango engqongqo kangangokuba bangabi namali yokwakha izakhiwo.Ewe.UTrump usenamandla okwakha izinto.
Iinkampani ze-inshorensi azifuni ukuwuphelisa umlilo/umngcipheko, kuba ngoko, abantu abayi kuba nasizathu sokuhlawula imali ye-inshorensi-abasoze bafune ukuzenza bangabi namsebenzi.
Umngcipheko kufuneka usoloko uphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukugcina iipremiyamu zinyuka, kwaye indlela yokwenza inzuzo kukukhanyela ukhuseleko ngenxa yamagatyana athile okanye amanye amagatya angama-22.
Izixhobo ezinokhetho lonxibelelwano lwe-push-in zisetyenziswe amashumi eminyaka.Apho zisafumaneka khona.Okunokwenzeka kuthetha ukuba ishishini le-inshorensi alinabungqina bokuba zingunobangela oqhelekileyo wemililo.Isenokuba zezo zixhobo ziyilwe zavunywa ukusombulula iingxaki ezithile zophando lomlilo ezifunyenweyo.
Kufuneka kubekho ingxaki ngesixhobo esichasene ne-spring-fixed anti-stab.Andikwazi ukunixelela ukuba kukangaphi ndidibana nale ngxaki, kodwa ndisenokuba nomkhethe ngokuba ngusombane.Le ngxaki isenokungabonwa kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ibangele umlilo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iya kubangela kuphela iingxaki eziphazamisayo, okanye iya kuqhawula yonke isiphaluka.
Enye ingxaki endiyibonayo kukuba emva kweminyaka elishumi, ukuba ishiywe endaweni, basenokuthi "basebenze", kodwa nje ukuba umntu (umbane) uhambisa ngokwenyama isixhobo, siya kuphazamiseka / singaphumeleli.
Nangona ngokukhawuleza, andisayi kuphinda ndisebenzise i-bayonet, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela efanelekileyo ye-hook / screw, kwaye kungcono ukuthunga yonke into kunye ne-braid.Nangona isixhobo sibonelela ngesikrufu ngokhetho oluthe ngqo/ lokuhlaba ngasemva, olunokuthi lubambe umqhubi ngomatshini, ndisazama ukusebenzisa amagwegwe kunye nezikrufu.
Andiqondi ukuba i-UK isebenzisa i-aluminiyam kwiingcingo zasekhaya, kodwa i-Bhritane Telecom izama ukuyisebenzisela iintambo ezijijekileyo.Kwalandela intlekele efanayo.Nangona umlilo ungeyongxaki yonxibelelwano engenakuphepheka, xa ukhe wonakele, uba yintlekele.
I-aluminiyam nayo ilungile.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ndathenga ubude beflethi ezinesetyhula ezine, intambo yomnxeba ene-conductor enye ukuze isetyenziswe ngaphakathi.Ndothuswa kukuba, nangona i-conductor ikhupha isibane esibomvu emva kokuba i-insulation ihlutshiwe, imagnetic (inomtsalane kwaye iphakanyiswe yimagnethi)!Ndaya kwenye indawo ndazithengela enye intambo…kwakuyafana…icingo lentsimbi elenziwe ngobhedu (ndicinga ukuba kwakunjalo).
Ukufumana ireferensi kuphela, intambo yomnxeba yase-US Army yenziwe ngobhedu kunye nentsimbi ephothiweyo.Le ntsimbi inika amandla kucingo, kwaye iminwe yeengcali zeefowuni zentsimi zahlaba iinaliti ezininzi.
Suku.Ingumxube wamandla (intsimbi) kunye ne-conductivity (ubhedu).Sikwasebenzisa le ntambo yeminwe emkhosini.Kwi-frequency yezwi, unokungayinaki impembelelo yesikhumba.Ngendlela, ndisebenzisa olu cingo njenge-eriyali ye-dipole: D, kuba yomelele ngokwenene...
Ucingo lwemagnethi lunesiphumo esicacileyo solusu kwizandi zezandi.Ngokwenene ayiyo-conductor ngaphezulu kwe-300 Hz.
I-Aluminiyam i-wiring isenza ukuba i-BT ivakalelwe yintloko.Ndivile ukuba malunga ne-20% yeentambo ezijijekileyo ezifakwe kwezinye iindawo ziyi-aluminiyam...
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970 emva kokuba ishishini le-aluminiyam liphelile, ndandiligcisa lombane.I-aluminiyam eninzi yayisafakwe ngelo xesha.Olona fakelo lubi kakhulu endilubonileyo kukuba umakhi wadibanisa i-aluminium kubhedu ngaphambi kokungena kwibhokisi yombane nasemva kwepaneli ephambili.Indlu yakhiwa ngo-1972. Sacelwa ukuba sisombulule iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga zombane.Xa ndifumene umsebenzi wenziwe ndaza ndaxelela umninimzi malunga neendleko ezipheleleyo zokubuyisela iiwiring, wathi "hayi enkosi" saza sahamba.Ngokokwazi kwam, le ndlu isamile, kwaye ingqondo ayikatshintshwa.
Lol andizuphumelela lixoki.Andiyi kucinga ukusebenzisa i-AL kuninzi lomsebenzi we-CU kwaye ndihlawule umrhumo.
Kwakungowe-1977. Kuxhomekeka kwixesha nendawo eyayakhiwe kuyo indlu, ndacinga ukuba umntywizi omkhulu ufumene indlela yokulahla ucingo oluseleyo lwealuminiyam.Oku kusentshona yeNew York.Ngaphandle kokuba umtshutshisi uyabandakanyeka kwintengiselwano, andiyiqondi indlela ucingo olutyebileyo oludlula ngayo uhlolo.Ndandifaka iingcingo xa ndandineminyaka engama-77 ubudala, kwaye abahloli basekuhlaleni basoloko bejonga iintambo ezirhabaxa ngaphambi kokuba ukwakheka kwamatye kunyuke.Intambo ikhutshiwe kunye ne-4-wire crimp.Siyisebenzisela uxhulumaniso olusisigxina malunga nee-intshi ezi-4 ngaphandle kwazo zonke iibhokisi zombane, ngaphandle kwe-wiring phakathi kwepaneli kunye nebhokisi yokuqala.
Ukuba inkumbulo yam ichanekile, ke yonke intlekele iyimbangela yokuthukwa kukaGiraldo Rivera.Ndithetha ukuba yamenza waduma kumaphephandaba.Ukuzoba imaphu esantini kwamphoxa.
"Nangona ukususa i-aluminiyam i-wiring yesebe kunye nobhedu kuyindlela yokukhetha, nangona kubiza kwaye kuyingozi."
Akukho nto imbi njengokuphucula indlu yonke ukusuka kwiingcingo ezingonelanga kunye nezindala ukuya kwinto enokuhlangabezana neemfuno zale mihla.
Ndihlala ndidibana neengcingo ezindala ezikhuselweyo (phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II).Ngaba izinto zokugquma ezisetyenziswa ngelo xesha ziyizinto eziphilayo kunye nelaphu?-Ingozi ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Eyona nto imbi!Siyibiza ngokuthi ragwire, kwaye inesikrweqe esijikelwe ngesinyithi.Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuyibuyisela endaweni yayo, kodwa ukuba awunakuqaphela kakhulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo ndibeka i-sleeve yeplastiki apho iingcingo zandisa ukusuka kwisixhobo, xa kunjalo, i-tape yombane nayo iyimfuneko.Jonga nje kuya kubangela isiphaluka esifutshane!
Ezi ngcingo zindala uzikhankanyeyo ziintambo ezigqunywe ngerabha ezigqunywe ngelaphu.Logama nje i-insulation isekwimeko entle, akukho ngxaki ngeengcingo.Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwasetyenziswa iingcingo ezigqunywe ngerabha ezigqunywe ngelaphu.Iingcingo zale mihla ze-THHN zifakwe i-nylon-coated polyvinyl chloride, kwaye i-polyvinyl chloride kwiicingo zanamhlanje nazo ziya konakaliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, iintambo ezixhobileyo zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje.Uya kuyibona naphi na apho i-wiring kufuneka ibonakaliswe, kuba i-Romex iingcingo zendlu kufuneka zibe ngaphakathi eludongeni kuphela, ngaphandle kocingo olufutshane kakhulu olungenanto, oluye lwaxhuma ekugqibeleni ukusuka eludongeni ukuya kwisifudumezi samanzi.
Njengoko sele ukhankanyile, "lo gama nje i-insulating ikwimeko elungileyo" yeyona nto iphambili.Nokuba igcinwe kwindawo elawulwa yimozulu, inqabile.Ngaba ungathanda ukwazi ukuba i-asbestos isetyenzisiwe kwizicelo zokugquma ucingo kwindawo yokuhlala?
Kufuneka kube… Irabha yome kangangokuba yophula umaleko wokugquma ube ngumgubo ngehamile.Kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba oku kuphambi kwemfazwe.Indlu apho intambo yaphuma khona yakhiwa ngo-1920s.
Ndiye ndadibana neentambo ezinelothe kwangelo xesha.Ndiyaqonda ukuba oku kusetyenziswa ngaphandle nangaphantsi komhlaba.
@Shannon Ngamanye amaxesha ndifumanisa ukuba ikhebula eline-lead-coated line-core cores ezimbini eziphothiweyo, i-insulating layer kunye ne-top layer.
Shannon: HTTP: //lmgtfy.com/ Q = IKhokelo + Ikhava + Umbane + Ikhebula & NUM = 20 & newwindow = 1 & RLZ = 1C1CHFX_enUS611US611 & TBM = isch & source = IU & ictx = 1 & fir = uwBoo4uTG6tM3Cm 252Cq_bTOM 252CQ_bTOM_CmM% 253A% 252Cq_bTOM_CmM% 253A% 252CQ_bTOM 252CQ_bTOM_CmM% 253A% 252CQ_bTOM_CmM% 253A% 252CQ_bTOM 252CQ_bTOM_CmM% 253A% 252CQ_bTOM% t % t 6Ah % t x 4 1MKHYwIBMwQ9QEIUTAI #imgrc = uwBoo4uTG6tCmM:
Kukho i-insulation phakathi komqhubi wobhedu kunye ne-lead sheath (ingcamango efanayo nokubeka iingcingo ngaphakathi kwe-conduit yesinyithi).
Indlu yethu yakhiwa nge-50s.Umnini wangaphambili wasebenzisa i-romex ukubuyisela indlu kwakhona, kodwa akazange aphinde ayenze intsimbi yokungena emnyango.Akufuneki ukuba kuthiwe, ayisoze ibaleke kakuhle.Sagqiba umsebenzi wokufaka umsesane kwaye sagqobhoza imingxuma kwiphaneli yodonga lwevenkile yokutyela ukubonelela amandla nge-plug-in transformer.Imbi kakhulu, kodwa iyasebenza, kwaye kukho ikhabhathi phambi kobumdaka.Sabuza umntu osebenza ngombane ukuba kuya kubiza malini ukudlula kwigumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba ukusuka kweyona nto iguquguqukayo ekwigumbi eliphezulu ukuya kumnyango wangaphambili, saza sahleka.
Uthetha into nge-insulation "yetshokholethi".Ineempawu zesakhiwo setshokholethi endala.Into emangalisayo.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ubhedu luyaqina kwaye lube brittle, luphantse lube lubi.
Indlu yasefama endakhulela kuyo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 eyadlulayo yayinamaqhina nemibhobho kwigumbi eliphezulu.Kubonakala ngathi iingcingo zobhedu ezingenanto kunye neesentimitha ezimbalwa kuphela phakathi kwe-insulators yeendawo zocingo zombane.Kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka, kufuneka ndiye apho kwaye ndisuse isidumbu sempuku efileyo elucingweni kwaye ndibuyisele i-fuse kwakhona.
Xa ndandisengumntwana, utatomkhulu nomakhulu babeneengcingo zamaqhina nemibhobho endlwini.Qhuba isibane ngekhebula le-ZIP elimiweyo eludongeni, kwaye ujike isibane sokukhanyisa 1/4 jikela ngasekunene ukuvula/ukucima/ukucima/ukucima ukukhanya.Indlu yonke ikhuselwe yi-fuse ekupheleni kwe-attic apho ikhebula lingena endlwini.Ngaphandle kokuba ulishwa le mouse kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokunyathela kwimigca emibini engalunganga uze uthi "po, akukho mouse", oku kukhuselekile kakhulu.
Kukho iqhosha okanye ezimbini ezingcwatywe ndaweni ithile endlwini.Sebenzisa kwakhona uninzi lombane (omdala nomtsha).
Ndiyawathanda amaqhina kunye neetyhubhu.Abaqhubi bahlulwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye bawela i-insulators.ayonto inkulu.Yintoni ibhere, idibanisa kunye neengcingo ezidibeneyo zanamhlanje.
Ndakhe ndafota umboniso ongeBach, kwaye ezinye iicawa kwindawo eyayisakuba yiMpuma Jamani nazo zasebenzisa ucingo lwealuminiyam, ziphelisa isimbo saseMecano ngebhokisi yentsimbi.Brrr...
Umntu osebenza ngombane ulapha.Ndakha ndasebenza kwinkampani yombane.Ndaye ndafowunelwa kwabe kukho umntu okhalaza esithi i socket iyakhazimla.Ndiyaqhayisa kuba ndifumene zonke iintlobo zeminxeba ephambeneyo (oko kukuthi, i-IE; i-analog TV endala indibeke esweni).Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba ujonga iisokethi, ezininzi zazo ziya kukhanya zibomvu xa kukho umthwalo ofanelekileyo kwisekethe njengesifudumezi sendawo.Eli nenekazi lathi iminyaka emininzi yenzeka le nto!Olu lucingo lwe-aluminiyam, olukhokelela kuqhagamshelwano oluphezulu lokumelana ngenxa ye-oxide / i-creep.
Kwenzeka iminyaka emininzi!Gosh, ndabona iingcingo ezikhazimlayo ndacima ngoko nangoko.Iziseko kunye neendonga kufuneka nazo zitshiswe.
"Nangona ukususa i-aluminiyam i-wiring yesebe kunye nobhedu kuyindlela yokukhetha, nangona kubiza kwaye kuyingozi."
Ngaba izindlu zaseMelika azisebenzisi i-PVC conduit kwi-wiring?Ukuba kunjalo, ukutshintsha i-wiring yesebe eneneni akunzima kangako okanye kuyonakalisa
Khipha umbane kwisiphaluka esichaphazelekayo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iingcingo azihlawuliswanga, qhagamshela i-spring spring / ikhebula kwiintambo ezikwibhokisi le-junction, uze usebenzise ikhebula elidala ukutsala enye isiphelo sentambo ngaphandle kwentambo.Qhagamshela ucingo olutsha kwintambo yokutsala.Faka ucingo olutsha kwi-conduit, phinda uqhagamshele isixhobo kunye nombane.
Yikrazule ibhodi yegypsum kwaye uyibuyisele yonke indawo, kuquka lonke ixesha kunye nomsebenzi onzima ofunekayo, kuquka ukupakisha ibhodi yegypsum kunye nokupeyinta yonke ipeyinti, nangona kunjalo ayibonakali ilungile.Le yindlela engenangqondo yokwakha.Awukwazi nokuyijonga, ungasathethi ke ukuyitshintsha okanye ukuyiphucula.
Undikhumbuza ngeposi kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, loo mntu ngokusisiseko usike intaphane yeerectangles ezomileyo ukuze abeke iingcingo kwi-closet yakhe.Yenza ukuba woyike ixesha elifunekayo ukulungisa.
I-EMT (okanye i-thier) iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo, kodwa ke (kubonakala) akukho mntu uya kuthenga indlu ngenxa "yobubi".Ngethamsanqa, i-catheters ingasetyenziswa kwizicelo zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino, abantu bakhathalele ngokwenene ukugcinwa, kwaye ukuyila kwesakhiwo akukwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30.
Unokungcwaba i-EMT eludongeni.Ezinye izixeko, njengeChicago, ziyayifuna.Ndiyathanda ukusebenzisa ezi zinto, ngakumbi ekuhlaziyeni, kodwa ayinakho ukuguquguquka kwaye ngoko ilinganiselwe.
Ngoku uyazi ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi besenza uninzi lomsebenzi wabo nge-attic okanye indawo yokukhasa eyesibini okanye indawo engaphantsi.Enye inzuzo yokukrazula i-plasterboard kukuba ukuba kufuneka uphinde uyifake kuqala, ngoko (ugwebu alubi, kodwa lusenemingxuma)
Iintambo ezingezizo ezentsimbi zisetyenziswe kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kwiindawo ezininzi zase-United States amashumi eminyaka.Ikhowudi ifuna ukuba ibethelelwe kufutshane nebhokisi yesixhobo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, imijelo ifumaneka kwizindlu ezikwizixeko ezinocwangco apho ukuthengiselana kungaqhelekanga.Ndingumsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi oncedisayo, kodwa andiphelelwa lixesha.Ndenza umsebenzi omhle kwaye ndithobela iimfuneko zomthetho.Oko kuphazamisa abathengi bakho.
> umjelo wePVC?Ukuba kunjalo, ukutshintsha i-wiring yesebe eneneni akunzima kangako okanye kuyonakalisa
Hehehe… Umbhobho wePVC usetyenziswe eludongeni iminyaka engama-30, nceda uzame ukutsala nantoni na ngayo-umbhobho uya kuqhekeka ube ziziqwenga.Ewe, lixesha lokukrazula i-plasterboard.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlulileyo, nditshintshe inxalenye ye-wiring endlwini yam (eyakhiwe phakathi kwe-80s), kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni ipayipi ephukile.Andizange ndeva nokuba yingxaki le.
Ngelo xesha, konke oku kwenzekayo, kwaye insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha imibhobho yamanzi yobhedu.Isiphumo kukubola kwe-intergranular kunye nokuvuza kwe-pinhole.
Iinkokeli ezininzi ngoku zitshintshiwe.Noko ke, logama umchiza wamanzi (* ahem * Flint) ugcinwe kakuhle, imibhobho yamanzi elothe ayisayi kubangela iingxaki, kanye njengeingcingo zealuminiyam.
Emva koko, "akusekho ingxaki".Ngokufanayo, ukuba nje iipropati zeekhemikhali zamanzi zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Nangona umbane, unokuhlala uxela umphumo wokuxuba iintsimbi ezimbini.Irediyo encinci (i-solid-state) idla ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha se-ampere kwi-115v (ikota ye-230v), kodwa kwi-12v?Ikaka iya kuba mnyama, ibe luhlaza, kwaye incangathi!
Icandelo le-viscous linqanaba lokufudumala ukushisa okungafanelanga ukuvezwa kwindibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo: ukushisa, ukubola kobhedu kunye ne-alumina.Xa uzama ukuxobula kwaye ujije unxibelelwano "olujijekileyo" kwakhona, alusebenzi, i-uC iya kuqhubeka nokuntlitheka / ukuwisa.
Kusekho imibhobho yamanzi e-oki kwisixeko endandifunda kuso.Yakhiwa ngeminyaka yee-1800s.Zigqabhuka kube kanye emva kweminyaka elishumi nangaphezulu.Kuvela ukuba banokutshintshwa.Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba namhlanje banamabhanti ensimbi engenasici (yangaphandle) endaweni yelothe.
Ibhendi endala yintsimbi.Ilothe ayomelelanga ngokwaneleyo.Isetyenziselwa umgca wenkonzo ukusuka kumzimba oyintloko ukuya kwindlu.Xa sasisenza imijelo yogutyulo kumazantsi eTacoma, sakhupha imigca yodonga eyenziwe ngamaplanga eshiyiweyo eyi-intshi ezingama-54.Isekwimeko entle.Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kusekho iimayile ze-54-intshi ezindala zeengcingo eziveziweyo kwiinkxaso zekhonkrithi zokubonelela iTacoma ngamanzi.
I-Aluminiyam okanye ubhedu: Ukugqithiswa kwesekethe engalunganga.Umqhekezi wesekethe akakwazi ukumisa isiphukuphuku, nethemba nje ukuba unokucothisa, kwaye akukho nto ayinakugcinwa.
Ndibone iintambo zala maxesha ezingabizi kakhulu, ziyialuminiyam.Ingxaki kukuba ijongeka ngathi lubhedu, okwangoku ikakhulu kwiintambo zothungelwano, kodwa kukwakho neentambo ezijijekileyo ze-ultra-flex ezijikelezileyo.Akulunganga oko?Nokuba usebenzisa nje amandla kwi-quadcopter.Ngaba ukho umntu oye waqaphela ukuba iintambo zombane okanye iintambo zombane ze-IEC kwizixhobo zombane zilula kakhulu?Ngaba ziyi-aluminiyam?
Ingxaki enkulu nge-aluminium kukuba ayiboni iimeko zokusetyenziswa xa ihlaziywa kwaye ixutywe kunye nezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zombane.Abazange bacinge ukuba abantu banokusebenzisa izitsibi zobhedu namandongomane ocingo kwiingcingo zealuminiyam, yaye basenokongeza iingcingo zealuminiyam kwinkqubo yocingo endala yobhedu.Kutheni oku kwenzekayo kuyimfihlakalo kum, kuba nayiphi na ingcali yombane enenkampani yamandla iya kukwazi ngamava ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela.Oku kukusilela okukhulu kweNFPA (iKhowudi yoMbane).
Zonke ezi ziphambi kokuba ndifumane uqeqesho, safunda ikhowudi eyayisetyenziswa kwisiphaluka sesebe se-AL ngelo xesha, saza salwamkela unyango.Ingaba iNFPA iluvumile na umkhuba osetyenziswa ngumasipala okanye ukusilela kukamasipala?Umasipala unokukhetha ukwamkela okanye ukungammkeli iNEC, okanye alungise isibhengezo.
Kunxibelelwano lwe-intanethi olukhawulezayo, oku kunokuba nengqiqo.Umphumo wesikhumba we-frequency ephezulu uya kubangela ukuba umqondiso usasazeke kwindawo yekhebula.Kwilungiselelo lamandla aphezulu, oku akuyi kusebenza ngenxa yokuba ubhedu luqhuba kakhulu kune-aluminiyam, ukuze uninzi lwangoku luphephe umbindi wentambo, kwaye icandelo lakho lomnqamlezo elisebenzayo liya kuba lelobhedu.Kwiintambo zamandla eziguquguqukayo, i-aluminiyam ayilona khetho lulungileyo, kuba kumthamo ofanayo wokuthwala, i-aluminium kufuneka ibe nkulu.I-conductivity ye-aluminium imalunga ne-60% yobhedu kuphela.
Lumkela iCCA!AmaTshayina athengisa ngexabiso eliphantsi "i-aluminium ene-copper-clad" kwiimitha ezincinci ze-voltage.Le yimbudane kwaphela kwaye iza konakala kungekudala.Ngokuqhelekileyo zidweliswe njenge "copper" kwi-Amazon, i-eBay, kunye nezinye iisayithi kwinkcazo ephambili, kodwa xa ujonga amagama amahle, iya kubonisa "i-CCA".Njengoko ixabiso lobhedu linyuka kwakhona, ixabiso lesi silaphu lidla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sobhedu.
Ndenze impazamo enkulu, eyayiza kuyisebenzisa kwi-12V ye-LED yofakelo lokukhanyisa ukukhanya ngaphandle, kungekude nolwandle.Ngaphandle kwento yokuba yonke into yayidityanisiwe kwaye ingavezwanga ngokuthe ngqo kwimvula okanye umoya onetyuwa eqokobheni, yatshatyalaliswa ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-4.Ndisebenzise izixhobo ezingakumbi kufakelo lwangaphakathi olukufutshane nolwandle, kwaye lwade lwadleka kwiinyanga ezili-18.Ndagqiba ekubeni ndibuyisele ezi projekthi zimbini ukusuka ekuqaleni, kwaye iindleko zaziphezulu.
Okubi kakhulu yiCCA Ethernet cable.Iqinisekisiwe ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle.https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/2011/03/ccca-cda-warn-against-copper-clad-aluminium-cables.html
Andiyi kuphikisa iingcali, kodwa ndiyamangaliswa kukuba, ngokuqwalasela umphumo wesikhumba, kwizicelo eziphezulu ze-frequency, abaqhubi beengubo azisebenzi kakuhle.
Ndicinga ukuba oku kufuna ubuncinci bobunzima bokugquma, obunokuthi bungabi semdleni wababoneleli baseTshayina.
Olunye uhlaziyo lombane lwenziwa kwiisokethi zekontraka yendlu yedolophu.I-AL eshinyeneyo ye-aluminiyamu yocingo olubhityileyo alufane lulungele ukufakela eludongeni.Akukho thuba lokuyigoba.Zibophe kubhedu ngeqhina elichanekileyo kunye ne-anti-c band.Enye yezona zinto zimbi endakha ndazenza.Ngokwethiyori, ukutshintshwa kwesikhongozeli kwi-SoSF Ca kufuna imvume kunye nokuhlolwa.Basebenzisa abahloli beshishini ngokubanzi abangazi nto apha, kubandakanya ulwahlulo olulula lwamasebe okanye i-1000/160.“Oh… ndinike iindawo ezine zokuvula uphahla.”Akananto.Ndisebenzise umoya wokungenisa umoya.Ndaphinda ndabona umbhobho wam wokuqala okhokelayo kwixesha le-SF Victorian (emva kweClue).Perfect P-trap kwimilo egqibeleleyo.Yitshintshe.IRoto Router endandiyisebenzisa apha yathi: “Kufuneka uchebe iinwele zakho zibe mfutshane.Kungenjalo awunakuyenza.Kunzima kakhulu.”Ndambhatala ama-300 ukuya kwi-150.Akukho mbuyiselo.Ndiyazicaphukela izidenge.Ufuna yonke into enenzuzo.
Ndisebenza kwinkampani yeentambo.Sisebenzisa zonke iintsimbi ezinxibe ubhedu kunye nefoyile ye-aluminiyam ekhuselwe kathathu (i-aluminium foil ephothiweyo ephothiweyo ye-aluminium), ngelixa inkampani yesathelayithi isebenzisa ii-conductor zethusi ezicocekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza.Ngenxa yempembelelo yesikhumba, sifuna kuphela ukugqoka ubhedu.Andizange ndibone umqhubi weziko le-aluminium, iintambo ezininzi ezingenamsebenzi, kodwa akukho aluminium.
Xa usebenzisa i-AL, ukwandisa i-voltage yomgca ayisosisombululo kwiingxaki ezisisiseko zokubola.Singasathethi ke ngokuhambelana nazo zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ngoku okanye kumjelo wonikezelo.Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi kuya kukhokelela ekuphelisweni kwesihogo, emva koko i-United States iza kusebenzisa amandla ombane aphezulu ukukhanyisa iisekethe zezixhobo ezincinci zendlu.Nceda uvale phambi kokuba iPOTUS yethu yangoku ikuvumele ukuba uhlawulele utshintsho.
Ngokukhanya kwe-LED, ngokwenene asisafuni iisekethe zokukhanyisa eziyi-15A.Singasebenzisa i-18v inkcazo ye-120v 5A kwizicelo zokukhanyisa.Isiphaluka esinye sisenako ukukhanyisa indlu yonke.
Sifuna kuphela iiplagi ze-15A okanye ze-20A eziza kusetyenziselwa izixhobo zokufudumeza, ezifana nezifudumezi zasemkhathini, iithowusta, iiketile, njlnjl...kunye nezikhenkcezisi, izikhenkcezisi, izikhenkcisi kunye nezipholile-moya.
Ngaphandle kokuba ubhedu lubiza kakhulu, utshintsho alunakwenzeka.Emva koko ndiyakwazi ukubona ezinye izisombululo, ezifana namandla ahlakaniphile.Isixhobo esixhunyiwe sithetha ne-inverter, kwaye i-inverter inika amandla nge-voltage efunekayo ukuya kwi-600v.Ngoko ke, i-toaster yakho ye-1000W iya kufuna i-600V kwaye ngoko isebenzise kuphela i-1.6A yangoku, enokugqithisa umgca we-20 wegeji.Khupha i-toaster kwaye ufake iminwe yakho, inokuba yi-30V kuphela.Ngethuba nje izixhobo ziyimfuneko, i-voltage iya kwanda kuphela.Yonke isekethe mayibe yinto eqhutywa ekhaya, enokuthi ihlawule nakuphi na ukongiwa kweendleko zeengcingo ezincinci.
Thula!Ukuba abantu baqala ukwenza izibalo ngolu hlobo, ekuphela kwendawo esinokusebenzisa kuyo izixhobo zombane kwindlu entsha likhitshi!Ngaba yile nto uyifunayo?!?Oko kusenokuba kukufa komntu osemtsha.Abantu kuphela abakha nantoni na kwizizukulwana ukususela ngoku ngabantu abasebenza.
Asisoze sibone i-600V kwindawo yokuhlala.Iimfuno ze-insulation kunye nezithuba zokusebenza ziye zaba nzima kakhulu ukuba ziphunyezwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangoqoqosho.Njengoko ucebisile, iisekethe ezihlakaniphile ziya kuxabisa kakhulu kwiisekethe zesixhobo.Isekethe nganye idinga ukondla isixhobo esinye kanye.Ukuba oku akunjalo, isixhobo siya kufuna ummeli wombane oqhelekileyo, kwaye ke isekethe nganye iya kuthintelwa ngumda wombane wesixhobo esinomgangatho wombane obuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye umthamo wangoku wokuthwala i-wiring kufuneka umiselwe phatha itotali yangoku yazo zonke izixhobo kwisekethe Awona mandla ombane asezantsi lucingo lwegeyiji enkulu.
Ukuba isekethe nganye ine-multi-kilowatt smart buck-boost AC converter yayo, sizuza ntoni ngaphandle kokongeza iindleko ezongezelelweyo?Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuhambisa i-oven ukusuka eludongeni ukuya kwelinye?Isomisi sakho sisuka kwigumbi lokuhlamba impahla siye kwigumbi lokulala?Icompressor yakho isuka egaraji iye kwigumbi lokuzonwabisa?Ewe, le mizekelo ayinangqondo ekuyilweni, ngokwaneleyo ukubonisa ukuba ubuninzi bezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifunyenwe kwiindleko ezinkulu azinamsebenzi kubanikazi bezindlu.Ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa (ezifana nezomisi enwele, iiketile zombane, ii-oven microwaves, toasters, turkey frying pan, izixhobo zombane), indawo yesokethi zabasebenzisi bamandla aphezulu inokuqikelelwa ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lokwakhiwa okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona, kwaye isekethe iyilwe. ukuba ngowona uphantsi Ukubonelela ngamandla ngokukhuselekileyo ngexabiso.Ukongeza kwiindleko eziphezulu zee-smart AC converters zamandla amakhulu, ukuba simisela ukuba abasebenzisi abanzima bahlawula i-85% yamatyala ombane kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwezi ziguquli zihlakaniphile yi-97%, siya kwandisa amatyala ombane nge-2.63%.Akukho luhlaza kakhulu.
Ndiyakubona ukuphucuka kwengqondo kwikamva lethu.Iisekethe ezi-low-voltage smart ziya kuba yindlela yokhuseleko.Iqela leebhalbhu ze-1-n ze-LED linokunxibelelana ne-smart circuit breaker-ukuba i-breaker circuit ayinakucacisa i-mA yangoku edlula kuyo, inokuchaza imeko yempazamo, ibangele ukuba ibhalbhu izivavanye ngokwayo ukuba yahlule isixhobo esinempazamo, ukuba kugqitywe ukuba zonke izixhobo zinjalo Ukuba iqhelekile kwaye i-wiring ayilunganga, iya kukhubeka okanye ihambe.Sinokwenza okufanayo kwi-low-voltage kunye nezixhobo ezinamandla aphantsi ezifana neetshaja zefowuni, iithoyi, kunye nezinye iintsumpa eludongeni.
Ndingathanda ukubona iNgxelo yaMandla eSmart* Iphaneli yeGFCI izaphuli zesekethe ezinamaxabiso afanelekileyo.Ndingathenga i-socket ye-20A 120V ye-GFCI malunga ne-US $ 15, ngelixa i-20A 120V ye-GFCI i-breaker circuit circuit ixabisa i-US $ 40.Inguqulelo ye-bipolar 240V imalunga nokuphinda kabini le yokugqibela.I-50A 240V panel ye-GFCI ityhala ixabiso le-100 yeedola.Ukhuseleko kufuneka lufikeleleke.Ndifuna ukujonga isekethe yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokwesekethe ukuze ndenze izigqibo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngobuchule.
Ngaba kukho iintlantsi e-UK ezizimisele ukufaka isandla kwiintambo ze-aluminium?Ndihambise izixhobo ezininzi kwi-3-phase ye-industry park e-UK, kwaye andizange ndichukumise iingcingo ze-aluminium.Awuzange wayibona kwanto apha ekhaya?
Umakhi wendlu naye wasebenzisa imibhobho yeplastiki ukudibanisa inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kawonke-wonke yangaphandle kwindlu, eyasilela ekuqaleni koo-1990 (jonga iplani enkulu), kunye nemibhobho ye-polybutene ngaphakathi kwindlu nayo yayisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa.Ayinakukwazi ukumelana nehamile yamanzi, oku kuphinde konakalise udonga lwangaphakathi ngenxa yokugqabhuka kombhobho.
Isifundo: Kufuneka uhlawule yonke into eza kuthwala imarike, hayi ixabiso elisekelwe kumgangatho wendlu.Ukuba umakhi unokwenza ukhetho olugcina imali, inzuzo yakhe yenzuzo iya kwanda.Awuligcini ixabiso.Ngoko ke, iikhowudi zokwakha ezingqongqo kunye nokuhlolwa kuyadingeka.
Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, i-clarinet esuka kwimitha ukuya kwindlu isenamandla.I-PEX iphile kakuhle kubusika bakutshanje.
Ndiyawuthanda umbhobho wam wamanzi abandayo wobhedu, unokusetyenziswa njengodibaniso lomhlaba.Zange ndasilela ngemibhobho yobhedu… kunye nemibhobho ebilayo…iqhekeza lekeyiki!
Ndiyazi ukuba abanye abantu abafuni ukuzama ukuthengisa imibhobho yobhedu, kodwa ngokokwazi kwam, ekuphela kwabantu abadibana nobunzima ngabo banyanzelisa ukusika iikona, ukuphoswa ngumbane okanye ukususa i-oxidation.
Ukudityaniswa kocingo lwe-aluminiyam kunye neepaneli zeFPE okanye zeZinsco ... le yingcambu yentlekele!I-wiring iyavutha kwaye i-breaker circuit ayihambi!
Inyaniso kukuba bonke banokusilela.Kutshanje bendine-277/480 20A Square D QO bolt kwisaphuli sesekethe esileleyo ukuhamba.Ngexesha lokubonisa urhwebo, ndinqumle ngempazamo ikhebula eliphilayo 12/2 AC kwisekethe yokukhanyisa ye-277V (ewe, le yeyona nto ilungileyo kuthi).Ngaphandle kokuvuthela iipliers, ndothuswa kukubukela i-arc iqala ukunyibilikisa intambo.Kufana nohlobo oluthile lwe-firework ecothayo.Baleka kwikhabhinethi yombane inyawo ezingama-200 ukusuka kwigunjana, ngokumamela “i-buzz” ukufumana ipaneli echanekileyo, emva koko ngokubaleka umva wam ukwahlula isaphuli sesekethe ukuze ndifumane i-breaker circuit eshushu/eshushu.Okothusayo kukuba, i-Square D ithembekile kushishino lombane kwaye idunyiswa ngokubanzi.Iphaneli yafakwa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980 kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayizange iphinde ilufumane ugcino lothintelo ukusukela oko yavulwayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukhuseleko lwe-overcurrent lunovakalelo kakhulu.Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ndenze impazamo efanayo nalapha ngasentla (ndinokuthi ububhanxa buzokwenzeka xa umntu osebenza ngombane engaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-25).Le ikwayi-20A 277V yesekethe yokukhanyisa.Ayikhange yenze umkhondo weepliers zam, kwaye ayizange ikhubekise i-20A yesiphaluka.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, yathabatha yonke imigangatho engama-26 yesakhiwo seeofisi!Umiselo lwempazamo ephantsi yesixhobo sokutshintsha esingundoqo asichanekanga.Andikholelwa ukuba abazange badibane nale ngxaki ngaphambili.
Indlu yabazali bam inocingo lwealuminiyam.Ndothukile!Kwiingcingo ezishinyeneyo, kufuneka ubeke ikhompawundi yokuncamathelisa apho.yona.Iyanya xa nditshintsha i-ventilator kwaye nditshintshe endlwini yabo, ndihlala ndisonga ngaphandle ngeteyiphu yombane (okwenene ndisebenzisa iteyiphu endlwini yam), kwaye ndiqinisa ngononophelo izikrufu ze-terminal.Akukho lutshintsho luya kwenziwa apho.Kodwa le ndlu iye yahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane.
Zonke iisekethe zesebe zilungile.Nanini na xa ndifumana umnxeba wenkonzo wokubuyisela isokethi kwaye ndikhuphe isokethi endala kwaye ndifumane zonke iingxaki, ndiyakruquka.I-backstab inkulu.Abahlobo abalungileyo abavumeli abahlobo babuye bahlatywe-kodwa igcina ifowuni yenkonzo ivuliwe.Uhlaziyo oluninzi lwenziwa kwindlu yonke.Ukuba indlu isebenzisa i-conduit eguquguqukayo yocingo, kuya kuthatha iintsuku ezininzi zomsebenzi.Ayigqibezeli imisebenzi emine ekunene ukuya phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, nasekunene.Ukungena akukaze kube yingxaki-abasebenza ngombane abaphethe ii-saw blades nabo
Isikrufu asijiki.Yintoni eyenzekayo kukuba i-aluminium iyatshisa, yandisa kwaye icinezele kwi-screw, ishiya i-dent.Xa ucingo lupholile, luyacutheka kwaye lushiye isithuba.I-gap ivumela i-oksijeni ukuba idle i-aluminium, ngaloo ndlela ikhulise ukuxhathisa kombane, okubangela ukuba ucingo lufudumale ngexesha elizayo xa kufakwe umthwalo ofanayo.Phinda le nkqubo ide ibambe umlilo okanye ucingo lunyibilike okanye uqhagamshelwano alunelanga ukuqhuba umbane.Uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo kukuba ucingo lukhululekile kwaye ukuguqula i-screw kuya kumisa ukunyakaza, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba i-screw iya kujika ibangele ukuba isidibanisi sikhulule.
Amava am - ndinomthengisi osebenzisa i-aluminium kwisicelo esifanayo kwaye wandixelela ukuba i-Locktite ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye ivumela i-fastener ukuba ingasikriwa, kodwa i-fastener ayijiki lula.I-deformation yamacandelo e-aluminiyam inkulu kuphela kunamandla okuqina kwangaphambili kwe-screws.
Ubungakanani be-deformation efunekayo yokuphumla malunga ne-0.005 intshi.Kusenokubakho abatyali-mali abacebisa ukulayisha kwangaphambili okulastiki, kodwa ndicinga ukuba isikrufu singumsonto ocolekileyo, ngoko ke ujikelo ngalunye lumalunga ne-intshi ze-0.030.Andikhumbuli ukuba ixesha eliphakathi koqhagamshelwano olupheleleyo kunye nobungqongqo obupheleleyo bungaphantsi kwekota.
Ugqibe esona sizathu sokusilela.Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa, ucingo lwe-aluminium luya kukhululeka ngokuhamba kwexesha.I-Copper nayo iya kwanda kwaye ikhontrakthi, kodwa kungekhona ukuya kwi-aluminium, kunye nezikrufu zobhedu ziya kwanda kwaye zivumelane ngeengcingo.
Isisombululo sale ngxaki sinokudibanisa i-washer elula phantsi kwe-screw ukwandisa ubude obude, kuba i-screw ende iya kwandisa amandla entwasahlobo.
Ingxaki efanayo iyasebenza apho i-sheet sheet idibaniswe nezikrufu.Iiwasha zihlala zithintelwa ngenxa yokuba zongeza ujongano olungakumbi kwaye olu nxibelelwano luya kutyibilika, kodwa kwizinto ezibhityileyo, kuba amandla alastiki e-screw ecaleni kwe-axis yawo alingana nobude obukhululekileyo be-screw, ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kuthanda ukukhulula umdibaniso.
Ndine-Oldmobile Cutlass Supreme ka-1979, kwaye ibhetri yayo yebiwa ngabantu abadelekileyo.Basebenzisa iingcingo zokusika ukusika iintambo zebhetri endaweni yokukhulula iitheminali.Xa ndingena emotweni ekuseni, ndafumanisa oku kwaye ndabona ukuba isitshixo socango sixhonywe ngaphandle komnyango ngendlela yokudibanisa, kwaye i-hood yavulwa kancinci.Ukutsho oko ndothukile emoyeni.
Okothusayo kwam, xa ndijonga kwindawo eveziweyo yomnqamlezo wentambo yebhetri, intambo yocingo inobhedu ngaphandle, kodwa umbindi wocingo ngalunye yi-aluminium yesilivere.Ndayibona okokuqala.Ndiyathemba lonke ubhedu.
Ndazama ukuthengisa umbindi weasidi wentambo entsha kwintambo endala ngetotshi yepropane, kodwa i-solder yavele yanyibilika yawa phantsi.Ndigqibele ngekliphu ebambe ucingo oludala kucingo olutsha kwaye ndilusonge ngeteyiphu.Yasebenza iminyaka eliqela, de ndayithengisa imoto.
Uphoswe ngamanqaku amabini (emva kwamagqabantshintshi amaninzi!)-Aluminiyam ithande ukudinwa xa yoluliwe kwaye igotywe kwindawo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumanqaku aphezulu okuchasa kwaye ke ngoko ibe yindawo eshushu-Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, iTelecom (inkampani yezonxibelelwano ekhoyo yaseOstreliya Ngoku ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiTelstra) ialuminiyam isetyenziselwa iintambo zomnxeba kwezinye iindawo.Ayinamsebenzi, de iADSL idityaniswe ngokupheleleyo ludibaniso phakathi kweAl kunye neCu.Kwezinye iindawo zeedolophu, ezifana ne-Dubbo, abantu abanakufumana i-DSL ngaphandle kokufakwa kwakhona kwe-rewiring, kwaye oku kutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza yi-NBN fiber.
Nditsho neenkampani eziluncedo zinako kwaye zinokwenza okuninzi ngofakelo oluchanekileyo lweengcingo zealuminiyam.Emva kwemvula enkulu (iindudumo kunye nombane, imvula enkulu), indlu yethu yaqala ukufumana iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga zombane, ezifana nezibane ze-LED eziqhotsiweyo kunye nokufa kombane xa "zivuliwe".Ndicime iswitshi engundoqo yokuqhawula umbane kunye nazo zonke izaphuli zesekethe kwiziko lomthwalo wekhaya lam, ndavula amandla aphambili, kwaye ndavavanya i-voltage kumlenze omnye we-120V, xa ndijika, i-voltage kwimilenze yomibini yenyuka ukusuka ~ 121V ukuya. enye i-78V kwelinye, i-158V kwi-breaker circuit.Amandla aseFlorida kunye noKhanya afakele iingcingo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ukusuka kwipali yoncedo ukuya kwimitha, kwaye akuhoywanga ukubeka nayiphi na igrisi yokugquma kuqhagamshelo olungaphantsi komhlaba ezantsi kwepali yoncedo.Phantse iminyaka engama-40 kamva, uxhulumaniso olungathathi hlangothi lwaluphantse lube yi-aluminium oxide powder ejikelezwe ngumgubo we-aluminium.Iintambo ze-AL eziseleyo ziye zafakwa ioksijini.Ubuncinci sisindise omnye wabamelwane ababini abaqhagamshelwe kwipali enye-bahlala benengxaki yezibane ezidanyazayo, kwaye iibhloko zoqhagamshelo ezingathathi hlangothi ekwabelwana ngazo kuzo zontathu izindlu zishushu kakhulu kubuchwephesha bokulungisa (ngenxa yokugqwala -> Ubushushu. !!!)
I-aluminiyam ine-ductile eninzi kunobhedu, ngoko ke ukutsalwa okanye ukutyunyuzwa kocingo lwegeyiji ecolekileyo kuncinci okanye kulula ukunqwamana kunobhedu.Naluphi na ucingo olunobunzima obutshintshiweyo ngaphaya kwenjongo yoyilo luya kusilela ngenxa yokuchasana okutshintshileyo.Iingcingo ezincinci ziya kunciphisa ukuxhathisa kunye nokushisa;iingcingo ezityebileyo ziya kwandisa ukuxhathisa kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane.
Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu kunye neenkonzo, uvumelana ngokucacileyo nokubekwa kwethu komsebenzi, ukusebenza kunye neekuki zentengiso.Funda nzulu