Atakwiya riyakitala ptfe mzere

Monga munthu amene ntchito yake ndi yoteteza mitengo, ndizodabwitsa kuti pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse ndikuipulumutsa kwa ife.Timavulaza mizu yawo, kuwamenya ndi makina otchetcha ndi odya udzu, kuwabzala mozama, ndi kuchita zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zingawononge thanzi lawo.Zingakhale zoopsa ngati atha kumenyananso ndi nkhalango ya Tolkein yamatsenga ya Fangorn.Chifukwa chimodzi, ntchito yamitengo ingakhale yoopsa kwambiri kuposa momwe zilili kale.

Koma mitengo imatha kudziteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda.Zili ndi zida zodzitetezera komanso njira zodzitetezera, zomwe zimafanana m'njira zina ndi chitetezo chathu.Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha kafukufuku wopangidwa kuchokera pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1960 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi Dr. Alex Shigo wa US Forest Service, timadziwa zambiri za momwe mitengo imadzitetezera kuposa momwe tinkachitira zaka makumi asanu zapitazo.

Takhala tikudziwa kale momwe, monga momwe khungu lathu limasungira mabakiteriya owopsa kunja kwathu, khungwa limakhala ngati chishango cholimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Popeza ilibe luso lotha kupeŵa ngozi, mitengo imafuna “khungu” lokulirapo kuposa ife.Zigawo zamoyo ndi sanali moyo zimakhala kuteteza makungwa a mitengo, mizu ndi nthambi ku mawotchi kuvulala, kuyanika kunja, komanso ku matenda.

Koma china chake chikaphwanya njira yoyamba yodzitchinjiriza iyi - kugwetsa makungwa - zomwe zimachitika mkati zimakhala zosangalatsa.Chivulazo chikachitika, mtengo umasinthiratu shuga wake wosungidwa kuti upange mankhwala odzitetezera.Kenako imagawira ndikuyika mankhwalawo munjira inayake mkati mozungulira bala.Dr. Shigo anali woyamba kulemba chitsanzo ichi, chomwe adachitcha kuti CODIT - compartmentalization ya kuwonongeka kwa mitengo.

Popanga zigawo za CODIT izi, mitengo imapanga makoma anayi osiyana a mankhwala - awiri ozungulira, ozungulira amodzi, ndi amodzi ochulukirapo kapena ocheperapo mopingasa.Kufotokozera makomawa ndikosavuta, kapena kotopetsa, koma ngati mukufuna zambiri, chikalata ichi cha US Forest Service https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/misc/ne_aib405.pdf ndichabwino kwambiri .

Ndikufuna kunena kuti kutsekedwa kwa bala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "kuchira," sikukugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilonda.Kuwola kwake kumadalira momwe mtengo ungatetezere matenda.Kutseka kuli bwino monga momwe mitsempha ya mitsempha sifunikiranso kupotoza chilonda, koma kutseka sikuteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa mkati ngati mtengo uli wofooka kwambiri kuti udziteteze.

Kupambana kwa mipanda iyi kumadalira kwambiri zamoyo.Mapulo olimba ndi thundu woyera, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuyankha mwamphamvu CODIT.Komano, poplar ndi msondodzi, sakwanitsa kupanga makoma a mankhwala, pomwe mitundu ngati oak wofiira ndi mapulo ofewa imagwira ntchito pang'ono.

Kukhazikika kwamitengo ndi chinthu china chofunikira.Tikudziwa kuti ngati tikhala ndi nkhawa, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kusowa kwamadzi m'thupi kapena kufooka, ndiye kuti timadwala kwambiri.Ngakhale mapulo a shuga sangathe kupanga makoma amphamvu ngati ali mumkhalidwe wofooka.Mwa kutanthauzira, mitengo yamitengo imatsindikitsidwa poyerekeza ndi asuweni awo okhala m'nkhalango.Mtengo wa mumsewu umakhala woipitsitsabe, ukukumana ndi kutentha kowonekera, mizu yochepa, mchere wamsewu, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi zina.

Ndipo ndithudi kukula kwa chovulala kumapanga kusiyana.Ngakhale mtengo wachimwemwe, wathanzi ukhoza kukhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndi chilonda chachikulu.Tikudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri mtengowo umalephera kulimbana ndi kuwonongeka.

Zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ndi momwe mitengo imachitira ndi tizilombo.Tikudziwa kuti mitengo imateteza ku tizilombo towononga tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito chemistry yake yamkati kuti ipange mankhwala, omwe asayansi amadziwika kuti Bad Tasting Stuff, kuti awathamangitse (tizilombo, osati asayansi).Nthawi zambiri amawoneka kuti amatha kusintha chodzitetezera chawo kuti chigwirizane ndi cholakwika china.Koma mankhwala opangira awa siangwiro - ingoyang'anani zomwe mbozi ndi njenjete za gypsy zimatha kuchita.

Zadziwika posachedwa kuti mitengo ili ndi njira yochenjeza zakutali.Zikuoneka kuti akhoza kudziwitsana za mtundu wa tizilombo tomwe tabwera kudzadya masamba.Kulankhulana kumeneku kumachitika pansi pa nthaka kudzera m'mizu, ngakhale makinawo sanafufuzidwe bwino.Akatswiri ena a zamoyo amaganiza kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi mpweya amathanso kunyamula mauthenga okhudzana ndi tizirombo, kapena matenda.

Mitengo imakhalanso ndi zoteteza zomwe zimatchedwa makolala a nthambi, zomwe zili m'munsi mwa nthambi iliyonse.Makolala a nthambi ndi aluso kwambiri kuposa minofu yanthawi zonse popanga mankhwala opha fungicides kuti apange zotchinga zoteteza.Kolala iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala mphete yokulirapo pang'ono m'munsi mwa nthambi - ndikofunikira kuti musamachotse podulira.Makamaka pamitengo yolimba, kudulira mabala kuyenera kusasunthika ndi thunthu;m'malo mwake azipangidwa kunja kwa kolala ya nthambi.

Mutha kuthandizira kukulitsa "chitetezo cha chitetezo" cha mtengo wanu pothirira pakagwa mvula, kubisala pamitsinje, komanso kuteteza magalimoto kuti asachoke pamizu.Momwemonso, mtengo wanu udzakuthandizani kukhala ndi thanzi labwino popereka mthunzi, kukongola ndi bwenzi.

Paul Hetzler ndi katswiri wa zachilengedwe, wolima mitengo, komanso mphunzitsi wakale wa Cornell Cooperative Extension wa St. Lawrence County, NY.Buku lake lakuti "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," likupezeka pa Amazon.

Chimodzi mwazabwino zokhala ndi mitengo pafupi ndikuti malamulo okhudzana ndi anthu sagwira ntchito - mutha kukumbatira ambiri momwe mungafunire popanda chiopsezo chotenga Covid-19.Phindu lina, ndithudi, ndi mthunzi.Kutentha kukakhala kotentha ndipo muyenera kugona kwakanthawi, ndizabwino ngati anzanu ena ali osadziwika.Makamaka ngati ali aatali, okhwima mitundu yokhala ndi zomanga zolimba.Inde, mitengo ndi yabwino.

Pamene thermometer ikukwera, mthunzi uliwonse umalandiridwa.Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu komwe mumakhala, sikuti mutha kupuma padzuwa, komanso kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kozizira - mpaka madigiri khumi - poyerekeza ndi kunja.Ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri, wachilengedwe, komanso waulere.

Ponena za zomwe, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera mpweya, kukhala ndi mitengo yamthunzi kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa nyumba yanu kudzachepetsa ndalama zanu zoziziritsa ndi 30%, ndipo mwina mpaka 50%.Zili ngati kubwezeredwa ndalama zina za bilu yanu yamagetsi.Mitengo yophukira ndi yabwino chifukwa imakutetezani m'chilimwe koma imalola kuwala kwadzuwa m'nyengo yozizira mukafuna.

Pamasiku otentha achilimwe omwe mumaganiza kuti kwatentha kwambiri kuti mugwire ntchito panja, simuli nokha - mitengo imagawana malingaliro anu.Photosynthesis, njira yodabwitsa imeneyo yomwe imatembenuza mpweya woipa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala shuga (potero kusunga mitengo yamoyo) ndi mpweya (potero zimathandiza kuti tikhale ndi moyo), sizigwira ntchito bwino kuposa madigiri 85.Mphamvu zonse za dzuwa zitha kuwonongeka!Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, masamba amatha kutentha kwambiri padzuwa lathunthu ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kocheperako, mofanana ndi momwe malo oimikapo magalimoto amayaka padzuwa.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake denga lamkati la mtengo ndilofunika.M'malo mokhala okhala m'dera losafunikira, masamba omwe amakutidwa ndi mthunzi, motero ataziziritsidwa, ndi denga lapamwamba ndi gawo lofunikira pakupulumuka kwa mtengo, chifukwa ndi okhawo omwe ali pantchito kukatentha kwambiri kuchipinda kwawo. oyandikana nawo ntchito.Choncho ndi bwino kuti musatengeke kwambiri ndi kudulira.Mitengo simafuna kuti denga lawo lamkati “liyeretsedwe” kumlingo uliwonse waukulu.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mukumwa madzi ambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe.Zingakudabwitseni kuti mitengo imatha kuchepa madzi, makamaka nyengo yotentha, yowuma ngati 2016 ndi 2018. Ngakhale timakonda kuganiza kuti mizu yamitengo imamira mozama kufunafuna chakumwa choziziritsa kukhosi, 90% ya mizu yamitengo ili pamwamba pa mainchesi 10. dothi, ndipo 98% ali pamwamba 18 mainchesi.

Udzu wofiirira, wooneka ngati wakufa udzachira pakangotha milungu ingapo, chifukwa udzu uli ndi njira yoti ugone popanda kuvulazidwa.Mitengo, komabe, imatenga zaka zingapo kuti ibwererenso ku nyengo yachilimwe yotalikirapo.Kupsinjika kwachilala kumafooketsa mtengo, kuupangitsa kukhala wosatetezeka ku matenda ndi tizilombo.

Ngakhale ambiri otchulidwa pamthunzi samayenda bwino pakuwuka, mtengo wanu umayamikiridwa mokwanira sabata iliyonse.Iwalani udzu - imatha kudzisamalira yokha.Chonde kumbukirani mitengo yanu, ndi kuithirira bwino ngati mvula siinagwe pakadutsa sabata imodzi.

Kuyambira nthawi ya Shakespeare, amuna akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "kugonana kwabwino (kapena kosangalatsa)" kutanthauza akazi.Zimenezi n’zodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti amuna akhala ofunitsitsa kuchitira akazi mopanda chilungamo kuyambira kalekale mpaka pano.Akazi nawonso nthawi zina amadziwika - ndi amuna, ndithudi - monga kugonana kosakhwima kapena kofooka.Koma chowonadi ndichakuti amayi ndi amphamvu kuposa amuna pankhani yolimbana ndi matenda ngati Covid-19.Kuphatikiza apo, zazikazi zamitundu yonse zoyamwitsa zimalimbana bwino ndi kupsinjika kuposa anzawo aamuna.

Tikudziwa kuti testosterone imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti amuna akhale amphamvu kuposa akazi.Izi zimakhulupirira kuti ndizosintha zomwe zimasankhidwa kupyolera mu chisinthiko chomwe chimathandiza amuna kuteteza akazi - omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri kuposa amuna ponena za kupulumuka kwa zamoyo - komanso makanda omwe amawasamalira.Pakati pa anthu ndimaona kuti n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti pamene chilengedwe (kapena kuti Mulungu, ngati mukufuna) analenga amuna kuti ateteze akazi, amuna ambiri amawononga dongosolo la zinthu mwa kuchitira nkhanza akazi.

Koma pankhani ya miliri, akazi amakhala amphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa amuna.Malinga ndi nkhani ya Epulo 18, 2020 m'nyuzipepala yaku Britain The Guardian, amuna owirikiza kawiri kuposa akazi amwalira ndi Covid-19 ku Spain.The Guardian imanenanso kuti ku Italy, chiwerengero cha imfa ndi 10.6% kwa amuna ndi 6.0% kwa amayi, komanso kuti deta yoyambirira yochokera ku China inavumbulutsa imfa ya 2.8% mwa amuna poyerekeza ndi 1.7% ya akazi.Ngakhale atawongolera zizolowezi za moyo monga kuti amuna ambiri kuposa akazi amasuta, kusiyana kumakhalabe kofunikira.

N’zoona kuti m’madera ena, ku Quebec mwachitsanzo, akazi afa kwambiri.Izi zitha kukhala vuto la kuchuluka kwa anthu.Nyuzipepala ya Montréal Gazette ikuti 80% ya ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo ku Quebec ndi akazi, ndipo azimayi amakhala 85% mwa omwe amakhala m'nyumba zosungira anthu okalamba, omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Covid-19.Mosasamala kanthu kuti Quebec ndi ena ochepa, Global Health 50/50, bungwe lomwe limayang'anira milandu yapadziko lonse lapansi, likuti zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi ndikuti amuna ambiri akugonja.

M'buku lake The Better Half (lofalitsidwa mu 2020 koma lolembedwa Covid-19 isanachitike), dokotala Sharon Moalem akufotokoza kuti majini ambiri omwe amayang'anira chitetezo chamthupi amakhala pa X chromosome.Monga tidaphunzirira m'kalasi yoyambira ya Biology, abambo ali ndi XY chromosome pair pomwe akazi amakhala ndi XX compement.Izi zikutanthauza kuti amayi ali ndi ma chromosome a X ochuluka kuwirikiza kawiri m'selo lililonse m'matupi awo, ndipo malinga ndi Dr. Moalem, mwina kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi.

Sindidzalowa mumakaniko (makamaka chifukwa sindimawamvetsa) momwe kachilombo ka Covid-19 "amatsegula" puloteni yolandirira yotchedwa ACE-2, potero imapeza carte blanche kuti iyendetse matupi athu.Chofunikira ndichakuti mapuloteni a ACE-2 amadalira gulu la majini lomwe lili pa X-chromosome yamunthu.

Dr. Moalem ananena kuti kachilomboka kakadutsa puloteni imeneyi mwa mwamuna, kachilomboka kamakhala komasuka kulowa m’selo iliyonse ya chiwalo chilichonse m’thupi lake.Ndi akazi, kachilomboka kamayenera kusokoneza mapuloteni awiri a ACE-2 okhudzana ndi ma chromosome awiri osiyana a X, kupatsa chitetezo chamthupi chachikazi kapena "mwayi wachiwiri" woteteza thupi lake ku matenda.

Zadziwika kale kuti makoswe a labu achikazi ndi mbewa zimachira msanga pakanthawi kochepa kuposa amuna, zomwe zimasunga ma cortisol okwera ndi zolembera zina za kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali pambuyo pa zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimawayendera panthawi ya mayeso osiyanasiyana.Koma pankhani ya anthu, kafukufuku amene anachitika ku yunivesite ya California ku Los Angeles m’chaka cha 2000 anapeza kuti akazi amalimbana ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri kuposa mmene anyamata amachitira.

Mu lipoti lomaliza, wolemba wamkulu Shelley E. Taylor akulemba kuti pamene kuyankha kwa mwamuna "kumenyana kapena kumenyana" kumalembedwa bwino (mpaka posachedwapa, 80% ya kafukufuku wazovuta zonse anachitidwa pa amuna), akazi ali ndi njira yowonjezerapo.Poyitcha kuti "kukondana ndi bwenzi", Dr. Taylor akuti kuchedwera kwa amayi kupanga ndi kusunga maubwenzi kumawathandiza kuvutika kwa nyengo kuposa amuna.Iye akuti "... oxytocin, molumikizana ndi mahomoni oberekera achikazi komanso njira zamtundu wa opioid peptide, zitha kukhala pachimake [chake cha 'kukonda ndi bwenzi'].Kuyambira nthawi ya kafukufuku wa Dr. Taylor, chodabwitsa ichi chachikazi chakhala chikufufuzidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa, makamaka ndi Lauren A. McCarthy wa Rochester Institute of Technology.

Zikuwoneka kuti kugonana kwachilungamo kuli ndi ubwino wina wabwino pankhani yopulumuka miliri ndi zovuta zina.

Mwinamwake mudawonapo tinthu tating'ono tamiyendo khumi ndi inai panthawi ina, ngakhale simunawapatse malingaliro aliwonse kuyambira muli mwana.Mbali ya shrimp, gawo la kangaroo, ndi gawo la armadillo, kachilombo kamene kamapezeka paliponse (Armadillidium vulgare) ndi wopanda vuto, ngati nthawi zina amakwiyitsa, yemwe amayendayenda usiku kudya zomera zakufa.Omwe amadziwikanso kuti nsikidzi za mbatata kapena roly-polys, awa ndi anyamata omwe amadzikoka okha mu mpira wawung'ono kuti atetezedwe akasokonezedwa.

Nsikidzi zamapiritsi siziluma, kuluma, kunyamula matenda, kutafuna nyumba yanu, kapena kuchita china chilichonse chosasangalatsa, ndipo ana amakonda kusewera nawo.M'malo mwake, iwo (nsikidzi zamapiritsi, osati ana) amapanga ziweto zabwino malinga ngati ziyembekezo zanu pamaphunziro sizokwera kwambiri.Nthawi zina amapeza njira yolowera m'chipinda chapansi panthaka ndipo amakhala ovutitsa, koma amawongolera mosavuta.

Lembani pa chipika, kwezani thanthwe lathyathyathya, kapena fufuzani pansi pa chobzala maluwa, ndipo m'madera ambiri mudzapeza crustaceans.Chifukwa chomwe adatuluka m'nyanja ndikuzolowera kukhala pamtunda ndizongoganiza za aliyense - mwina nyanja idadzaza kwambiri nthawi ina.Posafuna kusiya makhalidwe awo onse a m'madzi, nsikidzi zamapiritsi zimapumira m'matumbo.Ichi ndichifukwa chake amapezeka m'malo achinyezi - amafunikira magilo onyowa mosalekeza, kapena kusinthana kwa okosijeni kudzasokonekera ndipo amalephera kupuma.

Kuyambira 8.5 mm mpaka 17 mm (pafupifupi 3/8 mpaka 9/16 ya inchi) kutalika, nsikidzi zamapiritsi zimakhala zotuwa mpaka zofiirira, zokhala ndi thupi lowoneka bwino.Chotsatirachi ndi momwe munthu angawadziwire kuti amasiyana ndi azibale awo nsikidzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi chilengedwe chofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Nsikidzi ndi nsabwe zamtundu wa Oniscus ndi Porcellio, ndipo zimakhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya.Komanso, nsikidzi sizingathe kukwera kuti zitetezedwe.Izi zimatchedwa conglobation, mawu opangidwa makamaka kuti athandize osewera a Scrabble.

Mbali ya kangaroo ya nsikidzi za mapiritsi ndi yakuti yaikazi ili ndi kathumba pamimba pake yotchedwa marsupium mmene imaikira mazira ake.Ana aang’ono amaswa m’kati mwa marsupium yake yodzaza madzi ndi madzi ndipo amakhala mmenemo mpaka atakula mokwanira kuti azitha kuchitapo kanthu paokha.

Ngakhale kuti nsikidzi za mapiritsi zinachokera ku Ulaya, sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu.Sizimayambitsa thanzi la anthu komanso / kapena zachuma ndi / kapena chilengedwe, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mitundu yazachilengedwe.Ndikukayika kuti ma pillbugs amamva chisoni chifukwa chosaloledwa kulowa mgululi.Zoona zake, zimathandiza kubwezeretsanso zakudya, motero zimathandiza kupanga nthaka yabwino.

Ngakhale kuti sizimasokoneza mwaukadaulo, nthawi zina zimakhala zosokoneza pang'ono ngati zitalowa m'nyumba.Kuziwongolera kungafunike mfuti, chowongolera malo, kapena chochotsera chinyezi.Popeza amakakamizika kukhala m'malo achinyezi, kuchepetsa chinyezi ndikofunikira.Tsegulani mazenera apansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafani kapena dehumidifiers kuti muchepetse chinyezi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.

Sungani mwala wophwanyidwa (kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimauma mosavuta) kuzungulira nyumba yanu kuti zomera zonse ndi mulch zisakhale kutali ndi maziko.Pomaliza, thyola mfuti ya caulk kuti mutseke ming'alu pakati pa maziko ndi malo ena olowera.Sindinganene mopambanitsa momwe kugwirira ntchito mwachangu kungakhalire popatula wotsutsa aliyense - mudzalandira zaka zowononga tizilombo ndi ntchito imodzi yosindikiza bwino ming'alu.

Mawu akale akuti “Njira yopita ku helo ndi yokonzedwa ndi zolinga zabwino” yanditonthoza kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri, popeza ndimalingalira kuti njira yopita kumwamba ili ndi malingaliro oipa, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala osavuta kufikamo.Kuyambira kalekale, tapanga mitundu yonse ya misewu, misewu, misewu, misewu, mabwalo, mabwalo, matembenuzidwe, njira zokokera, ndi njira zanjinga.Koma potengera kuthamanga kodabwitsa komwe kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ta mungu wathu kukucheperachepera, ndi nthawi yovuta kuyatsa njira yatsopano.Njira, kukhala yeniyeni.

Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo, wojambula komanso wodziwa zachilengedwe ku Seattle Sarah Bergmann adapanga lingaliro la Pollinator Pathway.Anthu amati ndi “chojambula chothandiza anthu kutengapo mbali, kamangidwe kake ndi kajambulidwe ka zamoyo,” malo okhala mlongoti wothandiza tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mungu kuti tipeze chakudya pamene tikuyenda m’mizinda ndi m’malo ena ovuta.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, lingaliroli lafalikira ku North America ndi kupitirira.

Njira za pollinator zingakhale zophweka ngati mzere wa zomera zamaluwa pakati pa bwalo limodzi ndi lina, kapena zazikulu ngati "lamba wamaluwa" womwe umagwirizanitsa malo obiriwira kudutsa pakati pa tawuni yaikulu.Webusaitiyi http://www.pollinatorpathway.com/criteria/ ili ndi zida ndi zothandizira, ndipo imatchula mfundo zazikulu monga kufunikira kogwirizana ndi magulu ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito zomera zachibadwidwe makamaka, ndikukhala ndi ndondomeko yokonza nthawi yaitali.Monga malingaliro ambiri abwino, lingaliro la njira ya pollinator "lapita koopsa," ndipo likuvomerezedwa ndi anthu omwe sadziwa nthawi zonse ntchito ya Mayi Bergmann.

Pokhazikitsa njira yakukula kulikonse kuti ipindule ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikofunika kuyika magulu a zomera zamitundu yambiri, utali, ndi maonekedwe a maluwa.Kukhala ndi zomera m'maluwa nthawi yonse yakukula ndikofunikanso.Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mungu imatha kugwiritsa ntchito timadzi tokoma ndi mungu.

Mwachiwonekere, oponya mungu omwe si tizilombo sakuphatikizidwa kuzinthu izi.Mbalame, abuluzi, mileme, anyani, opossums, ndi mitundu ina pafupifupi 50 yamoyo wamsana imatulutsanso mungu ku zomera.Ndikuganiza kuti kukopa makamu a lemur, anyani kapena abuluzi kunjira zodulira mungu m'tauni kungakhale kosangalatsa, koma ndikukumbukiranso zovuta zina.

Ngakhale kuti njuchi imapanga uchi wa pollinator poster-child, muzinthu zazikuluzikulu zimathandizira pang'ono pakupanga zakudya zapakhomo ndi zakutchire.M'malo athanzi, ngakhale m'malo ambiri owonongeka, ndi njenjete, agulugufe, mavu, njuchi, ntchentche, kafadala ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timatulutsa mungu wa mbewu zakutchire ndi zapakhomo.M’dera ngati kumpoto kwa New York State, mmene njuchi zimakhudzira mungu wa njuchi ndizosawerengeka, kupatulapo minda ya zipatso ikuluikulu kwambiri m’chigwa cha Champlain.

Osanena kuti tisamawetebe njuchi ndi kudera nkhawa za thanzi lawo - uchi ndi zinthu zina za njuchi ndi mbewu zofunika - koma tiyenera kukhala ndi chithunzi cholondola cha yemwe amachita pollinating.Njuchi zimafunikira kokha pamene ulimi wamba wachotsa zomera zomwe tizilombo tomwe timadalira nthawi zambiri, monga m'minda ya amondi ku California, ngakhalenso m'madera omwe amalima zipatso pafupi ndi Great Lakes.

Zifukwa zomwe obereketsa mungu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kotero kuti amafunikira njira zapadera kuti adutse tawuni ndizovuta, koma ndizochita zambiri ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa neonicotinoids, ma neonics mwachidule, akhala akukhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mungu.Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilichonse kuyambira kuwongolera udzu mpaka soya, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti chomera chonse chikhale poizoni, kuphatikizapo mungu wake.Nkhani zoipa kwa tizirombo, komanso njuchi ndi agulugufe.Mu Epulo 2018, European Union idaletsa kwamuyaya ma neonics atatu otchuka kuti ateteze njuchi.

Ndipo mankhwala ophera bowa, omwe kale ankakhulupirira kuti ndi othandiza ku njuchi, posachedwapa atchulidwa kuti ndi omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mungu uchepe.Mu lipoti la Novembala 2017, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Cornell la ofufuza ochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa lidatsimikiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha bowa paulimi kumafooketsa njuchi kotero kuti nthawi zambiri zimagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa kapena matenda wamba, zinthu zomwe sizingaphe.Masiku ano, mitundu 49 ya njuchi zakubadwa ili pachiwopsezo, ndipo njuchi zolimba kwambiri.

Ngati pakanakhala mphoto ya pollinator, ikhoza kupita ku mitundu yathu yamtundu wa bumblebee.Ubweya ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe ma bumblebees amachitira bwino pollinator kuposa, tinene, ma jekete achikasu, omwe amathandizira pang'ono kutulutsa mungu.Chinanso ndi chakuti ma bumblers amatha kugwira ntchito pozizira kwambiri kuposa tizilombo tina - kaya malaya awo aubweya abwino amathandiza ndi izi, komabe, sindikudziwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, "bumble" yawo ndi gawo la kukongola kwawo.Iwo likukhalira kunjenjemera mpweya pa Goldilocks pafupipafupi, mmodzi basi kugwedeza lotayirira mungu mkati maluwa ena monga tomato.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, amatha kuyendetsa-pollination popanda kufunikira kutera pa duwa.Ndipo pofuna kusagwirizana ndi zomwe asayansi apeza pa yunivesite ya Queen Mary ku London, anaphunzitsa njuchi kugudubuza kampira kakang'ono m'kabowo kakang'ono kuti tipeze mphotho ya madzi a shuga.Ndikuganiza kuti ofufuzawo ali otanganidwa ndi masewera a gofu a bumblebee.

Ngati simunakonzekere kulemba khwalala lalikulu la pollinator, mutha kuthandiza anthu amdera lanu kukhala okonda njuchi ndi agulugufe podziwitsa anthu za izi.Funsani akuluakulu akumaloko kuti asinthe malamulo oyika magawo kuti alole malo osiyanasiyana m'mizinda yathu, matauni ndi midzi.Udzu wabwino ndi wowopsa kwa olima mungu - siyani ma dandelions, chifukwa cha zabwino.Chonde, thandizani kuthetsa ukhondo!Izi zidzalimbikitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndikupindula kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - ndipo pamapeto pake, ife.

Mvula ya Epulo imabweretsa maluwa a Meyi, koma sizinthu zonse zomwe zimalandiridwa bwino.Ngakhale ndizotheka kuti ma dandelions adafika pa Mayflower, samapeza ulemu womwe amayenera kukhala nawo monga osamukira kumayiko ena omwe amazika mizu kudziko latsopano, kapena ngati chakudya chopatsa thanzi chodzaza ndi vitamini, kapena ngati mankhwala azitsamba azitsamba.

Pa mfundo yomalizirayi, dandelion ndi yolemekezeka kwambiri moti inapeza dzina lachilatini lakuti Taraxicum officinale, lomwe kwenikweni limatanthauza “mankhwala ovomerezeka a matenda onse.”Pali zambiri zabwino zomwe zanenedwa paumoyo wa dandelion, kuphatikiza ngati chithandizo cha chiwindi ndikuchepetsa miyala ya impso ndi chikhodzodzo, komanso kunja ngati mankhwala opaka zithupsa pakhungu.Sindimadzinamizira kuti ndikudziwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kamankhwala kamankhwala katsamba kameneka, ndipo ndimalimbikitsa kwambiri kuonana ndi katswiri wamankhwala wolemekezeka, komanso wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala, musanayese kudzichiritsa nokha.

Izi zati, University of Maryland Medical Center yapereka tsamba lonse ku dandelion, ndipo imatchulapo kafukufuku wowunikiridwa ndi anzawo.Ndinamvapo kale kuti dandelion imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda a shuga, koma sindinapeze maumboni aliwonse.Komabe, U of M Medical Center akuti:

"Kafukufuku woyambirira wanyama akuwonetsa kuti dandelion ingathandize kusintha shuga m'magazi ndikuchepetsa cholesterol yonse ndi triglycerides ndikukweza cholesterol ya HDL (yabwino) mu mbewa za matenda ashuga.Ochita kafukufuku ayenera kuwona ngati dandelion idzagwira ntchito mwa anthu.Kafukufuku wochepa wa nyama akuwonetsanso kuti dandelion ingathandize kuthana ndi kutupa. "

Ine ndinganene kuti izo sizoyipa kwa udzu.Mutha kugula mizu ya dandelion youma ndi yodulidwa mochulukira kapena mu mawonekedwe a makapisozi m'masitolo ambiri azaumoyo, kapena mutha kuyipeza kwaulere kuseri kwa nyumba yanu, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a udzu.

Dzina lodziwika bwino la Dandelion limachokera ku liwu lachifalansa loti "dent de lion," kapena dzino la mkango, kutanthauza kuti masamba ake amakhala olimba.Masamba amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, komabe, pambali pa manejala awo achikasu, si dandelion iliyonse yomwe ili ngati leonid monga yotsatira.Zikuoneka kuti Afalansa ali ndi ngodya pamsika wodziwika bwino, chifukwa dandelion moniker ina ndi "pis en lit," kapena "nyowetsani bedi," chifukwa muzu wowumawu ndi okodzetsa kwambiri.Zinanso pambuyo pake.

Masamba a Dandelion ndi abwino kumayambiriro kwa masika asanayambe maluwa.Kukolola mochedwa m'nyengo kumakhala ngati kutola letesi ndi sipinachi pambuyo poti ziboola - zodyedwa, koma osati momwe zingathere.Ngati munali ndi ma dandelions ochepa omwe adazika mizu m'munda mwanu chaka chatha, mwina ali okonzeka kuzula ndikudya pompano.Kusintha kwatsopano kwa mawu akuti "udzu ndi chakudya."

Masamba ang'onoang'ono amatha kutsukidwa ndikutumizidwa mu saladi, kapena kuwiritsa, koma ndimawakonda kwambiri akadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.Zimayenda bwino mu omelets, chipwirikiti, supu, casserole, kapena mbale iliyonse yokoma pankhaniyi.Mizu yatsopano imatha kupukutidwa, kudulidwa pang'ono ndikutsuka.Chosangalatsa chenicheni ndi korona wa dandelion.Chifukwa chimene amachitira maluwa mofulumira kwambiri n'chakuti ali ndi timagulu tamaluwa tomwe timakhazikika pakati pa mizu ya korona, pomwe maluwa ena ambiri amaphuka akamakula.Mukadula masamba, tengani mpeni ndikuchotsa akoronawo, omwe amatha kutenthedwa ndikutumizidwa ndi batala.

Mizu ya dandelion yokazinga imapanga choloweza mmalo cha khofi chabwino kwambiri chomwe ndinalawapo, ndipo izi ndikunena chinachake chifukwa ndimakonda kwambiri khofi.Tsukani mizu yatsopano ndikuyiyala pachoyikapo kuti zisakhudze.Mutha kuyesa zoikamo zapamwamba, koma ndimawotcha pafupifupi 250 mpaka zitakhala zofiirira komanso zofiirira.Kunena zoona, sindinganene kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, penapake pakati pa maola awiri kapena atatu.Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, nthawi zonse ndimaziwotcha ndikakhala m'nyumba, ndikuzifufuza pafupipafupi pambuyo pa maola awiri.Pewani iwo pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya chakudya kapena matope ndi pestle.Poyerekeza ndi khofi, mumagwiritsa ntchito pang'ono muzu wapansi pa kapu.

Chakumwachi chimakoma kwambiri, koma monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi okodzetsa kuposa khofi kapena tiyi wakuda.Sindinapezepo vuto ili, koma ngati ulendo wanu wam'mawa nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi chipwirikiti, sankhani chakumwa chanu cham'mawa moyenerera.

Sindinayesere vinyo wa dandelion, mwambo umene unayambira zaka mazana ambiri ku Ulaya, choncho ndilibe chidziwitso choyamba chofotokozera, koma maphikidwe a maphikidwe angapezeke pa intaneti.Abwenzi angapo ndi achibale ayesapo, ndi ndemanga zoipa ndi zabwino zogawanika bwino.Sindikudziwa ngati ndimakonda kapena luso lopanga vinyo lomwe limagawanika mofanana.

Chifukwa cha zabwino zonse za dandelions, ndizodabwitsa momwe chikhalidwe chathu chimayika kuti chizithetseratu.Zikuoneka kuti zatsala pang'ono kutengeka ndi anthu ena, omwe amathira udzu wawo ndi mankhwala opha udzu winawake monga 2,4-D, dicamba ndi mecoprop.Zonsezi zimabwera ndi zoopsa zaumoyo, osatchulanso ma tag okwera mtengo.

Kwa iwo omwe mwina amatengera kulumikizana konse kwa mkango patali kwambiri ndipo sangathe kugona usiku ngati pali ma dandelions obisalira pamalopo, ndigawana chinsinsi chowatulutsa m'malo.Ikani chotchetcha kuti chidule mainchesi anayi m'mwamba.Kuchita izi kudzachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa namsongole, komanso kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa matenda komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma grub.

Ndikunena kuti tonse timasiya kuyesa kupha mkango wokhawo wa ku North America womwe suli pachiwopsezo cha kutha, ndikuphunzira kuuyamikira ndikuugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Mitengo yayitali kwambiri kumbali iyi ya Rockies, pine yathu yoyera ya kum'mawa ( Pinus strobus ) ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri - ngati si yambiri - zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha kumpoto chakum'mawa.Ngakhale katswiri wapano waku US ndi chimphona chaku North Carolina chotalika mapazi 189, odula mitengo oyambilira adalemba mipaini yoyera mpaka 230 mapazi.White pine imadziwika kuti ndi yotakata komanso yomveka bwino (yopanda mfundo), matabwa amtundu wopepuka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyala pansi, kuwomba ndi kuwotcha komanso kwa mamembala amipangidwe.New England inamangidwa pa pine woyera, ndipo m'nyumba zina zakale, mapepala oyambirira a pine pansi pa mainchesi makumi awiri kapena kuposerapo amatha kupezekabe.

Makhalidwe ngati a tchalitchi cha pine okhwima okhwima amalimbikitsa kuyamikiridwa ndi chilengedwe, ngati sichochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kulemekeza.Ponena za chizindikiritso, white pine imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta.Ndiwo mtundu wokhawo wa pine out East womwe umanyamula singano m'mitolo isanu, imodzi pa chilembo chilichonse "choyera."Kunena zomveka, zilembozo sizinalembedwe kwenikweni pa singano.Ma cones ake owoneka bwino, mainchesi asanu ndi limodzi okhala ndi masikelo okhala ndi utomoni ndiabwino poyatsa moto, ndi nkhata ndi zokongoletsera zina za tchuthi.

Zochititsa chidwi monga momwe zimakhalira, white pine watipatsa mphatso zosaoneka, koma zamtengo wapatali.Ndi singano zake zisanu zolumikizidwa m'munsi, paini woyera adathandizira kulimbikitsa mayiko asanu amtunduwu kuti aike zida zawo zaka chikwi zapitazo, ndikulumikizana limodzi mumgwirizano wa demokalase wotchedwa Haudenosaunee kapena Iroquois.Ndi mafumu ake makumi asanu osankhidwa, nyumba ziwiri za nyumba yamalamulo, ndi dongosolo la macheke ndi miyeso, dongosolo lovuta komanso lokhalitsali linakhala ndondomeko ya malamulo a US.

Jefferson, Franklin, Monroe, Madison ndi Adams analemba za kuyamikira kwawo Haudenosaunee Confederacy.Franklin ndi Madison anali okondwa kwambiri nazo, ndipo adalimbikitsa madera khumi ndi atatu kuti atenge mgwirizano womwewo.Pakati pa mbendera zoyamba za Revolution zinali mndandanda wa Mbendera za Mtengo wa Pine, ndipo chiwombankhanga, ngakhale chinachotsedwa pamtengo wake wa paini, nthawi zonse chimakhala pa ndalama za US.

Haudenosaunee akuwonetsabe paini woyera, womwe umatchedwa mtengo wamtendere, wokhala ndi chiwombankhanga chadazi pamwamba pake.Chiwombankhanga chilipo kuti chiyang'anire adani monga umbombo ndi kusawona mwachidule.M’mitengo yake, mtolo wa mivi isanu ukukulungidwa kusonyeza mphamvu mu umodzi.Sizodabwitsa kuti ufulu wa amayi amakono unayamba ku Seneca Falls, NY mumthunzi wophiphiritsa wa paini woyera.Otsutsa oyambirira monga Matilda Jocelyn Gage analemba za kudabwa kwawo kwakukulu kuti m'midzi ya Haudenosaunee, akazi ankalemekezedwa mofanana ndi amuna, ndi kuti chiwawa chamtundu uliwonse kwa akazi sichinali chololedwa.

Ndizifukwa zambiri zokondera mitengo ya paini yoyera, ndinakhumudwa pamene mipaini yoyera inayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo m’madera ambiri a mitundu yawo.Kuyambira cha m'ma 2009, singano zinayamba kusanduka zachikasu ndikugwa koyambirira, ndipo kukula kwatsopano kudachepa.Poyamba zizindikirozi zinkangopezeka kumadera omwe ali ndi dothi losazama kapena losauka, komanso m'mphepete mwa misewu ikuluikulu kumene mitengo inali itakhazikika kale ndi mchere wa deicing, womwe umawotcha masamba komanso mizu.Chilala cha 2012 ndi 2016, chomwe sichinachitikepo pankhani ya chinyezi chochepa cha dothi, chinakhazikitsanso ma pine.Pofika chaka cha 2018, ngakhale ma pine ena pamasamba olemera adawoneka akudwala.

Mofanana ndi matenda ambiri omwe angopezeka kumene, kuchepa kumeneku, komwe kumatchedwa white pine needle disease (WPND), sikumveka bwino.Chodziwika ndi chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri timakhudzidwa.Matenda anayi omwe amakhudza singano adzipatula, ngakhale awiri kapena atatu okha ndi omwe amapezeka muzochitika zilizonse.Chosokoneza kwambiri ndi chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tochepa ta singano talembedwa, koma aliyense amangokhala kumadera enaake.Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka, ndipo chinanso chomwe chimakhudza minyewa ya thunthu chimaoneka kuti chimafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo tina.

M'mbuyomu, kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa mitundu yamitengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe si mbadwa kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga matenda a Dutch elm, chestnut blight, kapena emerald ash borer.Chodabwitsa chokhudza WPND, kupatulapo kuti zamoyo zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi khumi zingakhale zikugwira ntchito, ndikuti onse amachokera kumalo okhudzidwa.Dipatimenti ya New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) yapeza imodzi yomwe mwina idachokera kunja kwa North America, koma izi sizinatsimikizidwe.

Webusaiti ya UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry ikufotokoza kuti "Kusowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumapangitsa ofufuza kufufuza ntchito ya chilengedwe, yomwe yasinthidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha ndi mvula kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi kwathandizira kukulitsa mliri wa WPND.Mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kum'mawa kwa white pine apitilirabe, koma njira zowongolera zilipo kuti zithandizire kukonza thanzi komanso mphamvu zapaini zoyera. "

M'malo akunyumba, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory ikuwonetsa kuti "Kuthirira mozungulira paini zoyera ndikuthirira mozama kamodzi pa sabata pakatentha ndikofunikira.Dongosolo la feteleza liyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo pH ya nthaka ikhale pakati pa 5.2 ndi 5.6.Konzani vuto lililonse la kuperewera kwa michere (monga chitsulo), ndipo chepetsani kulimba kwa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotulutsa mpweya.”Mitengo yoyera sidzakhala yosangalala kwa nthawi yayitali pa dothi ladothi, kapena yomwe ili ndi pH pamwamba pa 7.0.Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwabzala mitengo ya paini kuchokera kumtundu wa mchere wamsewu, ndikupatseni malo okwanira.

Oyang'anira nkhalango angathandize mwa kupatulira zoyera za paini.Umboni woyambirira umasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa nayitrogeni kungathandizenso.Kuti mumve zambiri, funsani ISA-Certified Arborist, NYSDEC Forester, Private Consulting Forester, kapena ofesi yanu ya Extension.Kuwerenga mozama kungapezeke https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/forest-ecology-and-management/vol/…

Pa nthawi ino ya chaka pamene palibe zambiri zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuphuka kunja kwa dandelions ndi daffodils, mungu subwera m'maganizo momwe zingakhudzire mtsogolo mu nyengo yomwe goldenrod ili ponseponse.Chodabwitsa ndichakuti maluwa omwe timawawona - dandelion ndi goldenrod ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri - ali ndi njere zazikulu zomata za mungu zomwe sizimauluka mosavuta pamphepo ndi kutipangitsa kuyetsemula.

Zowonadi ngati mumakonda " hay fever" ndikudutsa m'munda wa goldenrod pachimake, mutha kuchitapo kanthu.Khalani kutali ndi maluwa owoneka bwino ngati mungu wavundikira ndi vuto.Maluwa osaoneka ndi omwe ayenera kusamala.Dikirani - izi sizinachitike bwino.

Mungu, ndithudi ndi chopereka chachimuna ku mbewu.Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi ziwalo zoberekera zazimuna ndi zazikazi zomwe zimakhala bwino pachomera chimodzi.Ena, monga maapulo, ali ndi shebang yonse ali mu duwa lomwelo, pamene ena monga mavwende ali ndi maluwa osiyana amuna ndi akazi.Mitundu yochepa - holly ndi chitsanzo - ili ndi zomera zosiyana za amuna ndi akazi.

Chifukwa chomwe maluwa ena amatulutsa mitundu, kununkhira, ndi timadzi tokoma ndicho kupereka ziphuphu kwa tizilombo, mbalame ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti titenge mungu kuchokera ku mbali ya duwa lachimuna kupita ku yaikazi kuti apange ana.Ndi njira yopambana kwambiri.Mbali yotsika, komabe, ndikuti pamafunika mphamvu zambiri.

Gulu lina la zomera linaganiza kuti inali ntchito yovuta kukopa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma zosavuta kukopa mphepo, zomwe zimatha kuperekanso mungu.Koma njira imeneyi si ntchito, choncho zomera monga paini ndi crank out katundu (mungu, osati mphepo).Mtundu wa njere wa mungu uwu ndi wawung'ono kwambiri moti ukhoza kutengeka mtunda wa makilomita 400 kupita kunyanja.Zomera zokhala ndi mungu wamphepo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitengo yambiri "yophuka," imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, owoneka bwino, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wofanana ndi chomera - osawoneka.

Msondodzi, popula, elm ndi mapulo onse amapangidwa ndi mungu wochokera ndi mphepo, ndipo amamasula kumayambiriro kwa masika.Ndi chinthu chabwino, nawonso, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga njuchi zimafuna mungu pamene palibe maluwa omwe atsegulidwa.Ngakhale kuti siwopepuka ngati mungu wochokera ku ragweed, mungu wochokera ku misondodzi ndi popula ungayambitse zizindikiro za ziwengo.

Mvula, mwachiwonekere, imatsuka fumbi, nkhungu spores ndi mungu kuchokera mumlengalenga, pamene mikhalidwe yowuma imapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zowonongeka ndi mpweya.Anthu amene amadwala matenda enaake amatha kupeza mpumulo mwa kuvala chipewa chokhala ndi milomo yotakasuka pofuna kuteteza tsitsi kuti lisatenge mungu.Magalasi a dzuwa otchinga pamasewera angathandize kuti mungu usalowe m’maso mwa munthu.Ndipo ngakhale zovala zowumitsidwa pamzere zimanunkhiza bwino, musamangirire zovala zanu pamasiku a mungu wambiri chifukwa mudzakhala mutavala zowawa zanu.

Zinthu za mungu zitha kupezeka pamasamba ambiri - airnow.gov ndi aaaaai.org ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zabwino.Kunena zoona, kuchuluka kwa mungu ndi kochepa kwambiri pakali pano, kotero pamene kutenthedwa, musazengereze kutuluka panja.Mwina mubzale maluwa owala, owoneka bwino.

Tsiku la Dziko Lapansi ndi nthawi yomwe timayesa ndikulemekeza dziko lomwe limatithandiza.Ambiri aife timachita kukwera maulendo, kukwera njinga, kapena kuthandiza kuyeretsa gombe kapena m'mphepete mwa msewu.Tonse tikudziwa kuti zimamveka bwino kumizidwa m'chilengedwe.Potsirizira pake, sayansi yafika pamalingaliro abwino, ndipo tsopano pali umboni wochuluka wakuti mitengo, udzu ndi njira zamadzi sizimangotonthoza ife, komanso ndizofunikira pa thanzi monga chakudya chabwino ndi madzi abwino.

Nyama zolandidwa malo okhala zachilengedwe zimakhala zachiwawa.Amayamba kusonyeza makhalidwe omwe ali osagwirizana ndi mitundu yawo;maubwenzi amawonongeka ndipo matenda amawonjezeka.Izi ndi zoona kwa nyama zonse, ngakhale zachilendo.

Chabwino, lingalirani nyama iyi: Ili mu phylum Chordata, kutanthauza kuti ili ndi msana, womwe umaletsa tizilombo ndi zokwawa, osati chidziwitso chachikulu.Gulu lake ndi Mammalia;zazikazi za mtundu umenewu zimatulutsa mkaka woyamwitsa ana awo.Ili mu dongosolo la Primate, lomwe limachepetsa kwambiri.Banja lake ndi Hominidae, mtundu wake ndi Homo, ndipo Sapien ndi mitundu.

Funso lachinyengo (pepani);ndi ife.N’zoona kuti anthu amasiyanitsidwa ndi zamoyo zina m’njira zofunika kwambiri, koma ndifebe nyama.Chifukwa chake, ndife olimba mtima kuti timizidwe m'chilengedwe.Dr. Frances Kuo wochokera ku yunivesite ya Illinois ku Champaign-Urbana akuti anthu omwe amakhala m'madera opanda mitengo kapena zinthu zina zachilengedwe amakumana ndi zovuta za chikhalidwe, maganizo ndi thupi zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi zinyama zina zomwe zasowa. malo achilengedwe.

Mwa zina zomwe apeza, kafukufuku wa Dr. Kuo akuwonetsa kuti okalamba amakhala nthawi yayitali ngati nyumba zawo zili pafupi ndi paki kapena malo ena obiriwira, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe chawo kapena zachuma, komanso kuti ophunzira aku koleji amachita bwino pamayesero achidziwitso pamene mazenera awo a dorm amawona zochitika zachilengedwe. .

Kafukufuku wake akuwonetsanso kuti ana omwe ali ndi ADHD amakhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa pambuyo pa zochitika zakunja m'malo obiriwira.

Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu amakopeka ndi chilengedwe, ngakhale chitakhala chithunzi chabe.Makamaka, timapeza savannah, kumene tinakhala anthu zaka 200,000 zapitazo, zosangalatsa kwambiri.Timakokera kumadera ofanana monga mapaki, ndipo timatengera mayadi athu chimodzimodzi.Kupyolera mu DNA yathu, komanso zinthu zina zachibadwa zotchedwa epigenes, timagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.

Kuwongolera kolimba uku kwawonetsedwa ndi kujambula kwaubongo nthawi yeniyeni.Mitundu yamitundu yomwe munthu amakumana nayo m'chilengedwe, kaya ndi ma pine cones, zipolopolo za nautilus, ma diatoms, matalala a chipale chofewa, nthambi zamitengo, kapena milu ya mchenga, amatchedwa fractal mapatani.Nyimbo za mbalame ndi phokoso la mafunde akusweka ndizofanana.Mitundu ya Fractal, imakhala, imakhudza kwambiri mafunde aubongo wathu m'njira zabwino.

Nkhani ya February 2014 mu guardian.com ikufotokoza momwe odwala m'chipatala m'zipinda zokhala ndi malingaliro amtengo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali m'chipatala komanso kusowa kwa mankhwala opweteka poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe alibe maonekedwe achilengedwe.Ikupitilira kunena kuti patangotha ola limodzi lokha mwachilengedwe, magwiridwe antchito amakumbukiro komanso nthawi yayitali ya chidwi imakula bwino 20%.

Akatswiri ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Rochester ananena kuti kuona zinthu zachilengedwe kumapangitsa anthu kukhala paubwenzi wabwino, kukhala wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ammudzi, ndiponso kukhala owolowa manja.

Monga wosamalira zomera, ndatchulapo kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti kubzala mitengo kumachepetsa umbanda kwambiri.Mitengo imachulukitsanso mtengo wa katundu, ndipo mwatsoka, imapangitsa anthu kuwononga ndalama zambiri.Kaya ndi zomera m'misika kapena mitengo m'maboma amalonda akumidzi, anthu amawononga malo obiriwira ambiri m'malo obiriwira.

Sikuti timangoyankha ku chilengedwe, sitinataye luso lathu lochita nazo.Kafukufuku waposachedwapa watsimikizira kuti anthu amatha kuyang'anitsitsa bwino ndi fungo.Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losaona akhala akugwiritsa ntchito echolocation kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, koma zomwe zapeza posachedwa ndizakuti timatha kumva mawu ngati mileme.

Atafunsidwa ngati anthu amafunikira chilengedwe, Dr. Kuo anayankha kuti: “Monga wasayansi sindingakuuzeni.Sindinakonzekere kunena zimenezo, koma monga mayi amene amadziŵa mabuku a sayansi, ndinganene kuti inde.”Kaya tikuzifuna kapena tikungozifuna, ndife opambana mwachilengedwe, choncho gwiritsani ntchito mapindu ake ambiri.

Kuyendetsa galimoto kumapeto kwa sabata kumandimvetsa chisoni.Ndi chifukwa nthawi zonse ndimadutsa banja limodzi pa kapinga mu kamangidwe ka American Gothic: fosholo m'manja, mwina ndi akazi awo ndi ana.Pali kamtengo kakang'ono kokongola kuchokera m'munda wapakati mbali imodzi ya izo, ndi dzenje loyipa pansi mbali inayo.Ndikanapanda manyazi kwambiri, ndikanayima ndikupereka chitonthozo changa.Mwachionekere ali ndi maliro a mtengowo.

Tsiku la Arbor likubwera Lachisanu, Epulo 24, kotero lingalirani zobzala mtengo ndi banja lanu kapena anzanu.Koma chitani kuti chinthucho chikhale nthawi yayitali kuposa inu.Palibe nzeru kubwereka mtengo m'dzenje lakuya mutaubzala pamalo oyenera.

Mizu yamitengo ndi yotakata - kuwirikiza katatu kutalika kwa nthambi, kutsekereza chopinga - komanso osaya.Makumi asanu ndi anayi pa 100 aliwonse a mizu yamitengo ili pamwamba pa mainchesi khumi a nthaka, ndipo 98% ili pamwamba pa mainchesi khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu.Mizu yamitengo ndi yozama chifukwa imakonda kupuma pafupipafupi.Ndikuganiza kuti tonse tingagwirizane nazo.

Mabowo a nthaka amalola mizu kupeza mpweya, womwe umachokera pamwamba pa nthaka.Mlingo wa okosijeni umatsika ndi kuya kwa dothi, mpaka kufika pafupi ndi ziro.Mu dothi la silt, dongo kapena loam, mfundoyi ikhoza kukhala yochepera phazi pansi.Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, kuwonjezera kompositi kapena manyowa padzenje lakuya kumaonetsetsa kuti mizu idzafota, chifukwa tizilombo tomwe timaphwanya zinthu za organic timagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotsalira.

Mtengo uliwonse umabwera ndi malangizo obzala, ngakhale palibe chizindikiro.Kuti muwerenge mayendedwe awa, pezani malo pafupi ndi tsinde pomwe thunthu limatambasula ndikuyambira mizu.Izi zimatchedwa trunk flare, ndipo ndiye geji yozama.Kuwala kwa thunthu kumayenera kuwoneka pamwamba pa nthaka.Ndi kachitsanzo kakang'ono kwambiri, makamaka mtengo wawung'ono womezanitsidwa, izi zingakhale zovuta.Kwenikweni pezani muzu wapamwamba kwambiri ndikuyiyika pafupifupi inchi pansi.

Si mitengo yonse yobzalidwa mozama kwambiri yomwe imafa, koma yonse imavutika kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale zitakhala zabwino kwambiri, zimatengera zaka kuti ipeze mtengo wofanana womwewo wobzalidwa moyenera.Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yaying'ono imayenda bwino kuposa ikuluikulu.Nthawi zina mtengo wawung'ono ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo potulutsa mizu ya fibrous (adventitious) kuchokera ku tsinde lake pansi pa nthaka.Mitengo ikuluikulu imachitanso izi, koma mizu yopyapyalayo siithandiza pamwamba pake.

Pali mwambi wakale, "kumba dzenje la madola makumi asanu ndi mtengo wa madola asanu."Zingafunikire kusinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo koma lingaliro likadali ndi ndalama.Bowolo liyenera kukhala loboola pakati komanso 2-3 kukula kwa mizu, koma osazama, kapena Apolisi Obzala angakupatseni tikiti.Osati kwenikweni, koma ngati arborist abwera, akhoza kukunyozani.

Musanayambe kubweza, chotsani burlap ndi twine.Makola a mawaya pamitengo ya mpira-ndi-burlap ayenera kudulidwa mtengowo ukayikidwa mu dzenje.Mizu yamitengo yobzalidwa m'chidebe ikhoza kukhala ndi mizu yozungulira yomwe imayenera kusekedwa molunjika, kapena imakhazikika pakapita zaka ndikutsamwitsa thunthulo.

Kuonjezera zinthu zambiri za organic pazambiri zakumbuyo mwina kunayamba kale, pomwe anthu amatha kugwira wolima mitengo, ngati wina anali wothandiza, ndikuponyera mu dzenje.Mwina poyankha izi, akatswiri obzala mitengo tsopano amalimbikitsa pang'ono kapena osawonjezera zinthu zakuthupi nthawi zambiri.

M'dothi lamchenga kwambiri kapena dongo lolemera, zolimbitsa thupi (mpaka 30%) za peat moss, kompositi kapena zosintha zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa.Koma musawonjezere mchenga ku dongo, umu ndi mmene njerwa zimapangidwira, ndipo zomera zambiri sizimamera bwino mu njerwa.Kuonjezera organic zinthu kuposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a voliyumu kungayambitse "teacup effect," ndipo mizu ikhoza kufota.Feteleza amadetsa nkhawa pazowonjezera zatsopano, choncho dikirani osachepera chaka pamenepo.M'nthaka yabwino, mtengo sungafunikire feteleza wamalonda.

Thirani madzi bwino pamene mukudzaza m'mbuyo, ndipo gwedezani nthaka ndi ndodo kapena chogwirira cha fosholo kuti muchotse matumba a mpweya.Pokhapokha ngati pamalowo kuli mphepo yamkuntho, ndibwino kuti musaike mtengowo.Kuyenda kumafunika kuti thunthu lamphamvu likule.mainchesi awiri kapena anayi a mulch pamwamba pa malo obzala (koma osakhudza thunthu) amathandizira kusunga chinyezi ndi kupondereza udzu.Ndikosatheka kuthirira chowonjezera chatsopano, koma zimachitikadi.M'nyengo yonse yoyamba, yang'anani nthaka masiku angapo kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi yonyowa koma yopanda madzi.

Zokopa zachigawo zimatsegulidwa mwezi uliwonse wa Epulo, ndipo pafupifupi milungu inayi - kutengera mthunzi, mawonekedwe ndi kukwera kwake - mutha kuwona "chiwonetsero" m'malo ambiri otseguka pafupi ndi inu.Ntchitoyi ndi yaulere, ngakhale ma matine okha ndi omwe amapezeka.

Chochitika cha masika ndi kuphuka kwa chomera chofala, ngakhale chodziwika pang'ono, chomwe chimayamba maluwa.Kutengera ndi yemwe mumafunsa, zitha kufotokozedwa ngati mtengo kapena chitsamba, zomwe zimandipangitsa kudabwa ngati zikubisa china chake.M'malo mwake, chinthu ichi chili ndi zilembo zambiri kuposa imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri ku America.Zomwe zimadziwika kuti serviceberry, shadbush, shadwood, shadblow, Saskatoon, juneberry ndi wild-plum, ndi mtengo wawung'ono mpaka wapakatikati womwe umayankhanso ku Amelanchier canadensis, dzina lake la botanical.Mwa zosankhazi, ndimakonda juneberry, ngakhale zipatso zake zitha kupsa koyambirira kwa Julayi kumpoto kwa New York State.

Ichi ndi chomera choyamba chamitengo yotulutsa maluwa owoneka bwino, ndipo maluwa ake oyera amatha kuwonedwa m'mphepete mwa misewu, m'mipanda ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango m'dera lathu lonse.Khungwa losalala, lotuwa-siliva ndi lokongola mwalokha.Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe, ma juneberries amatha kukula ngati tsinde lamitundu yambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amakula ngati mitengo yamtengo umodzi mpaka 20 mpaka 40 wamtali.Sikuti maluwa ake oyambilira amakhala okongoletsa, akutsatsa komwe kuli zipatso zomwe zimadzitamandira kuti zili ndi michere yambiri kuposa zipatso zina zilizonse.

Ma juneberries nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ngati gwero la chakudya, mwina chifukwa mbalame zimatha kutimenya mpaka nkhonya, ndipo mwina chifukwa juneberries amakula motalika kotero kuti nthawi zina zipatso sizimafika.Chifukwa juneberries ali ndi chinyezi chocheperako kuposa ma blueberries, amakhala ochulukirapo pang'ono mu mapuloteni ndi chakudya, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chakudya chabwino kwa othamanga ndi anthu ena okangalika.

Zipatso zofewa, zofiirira zakuda zimakhala ndi potaziyamu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mabulosi abuluu kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa magnesium ndi phosphorous.Ndiwo gwero labwino lachitsulo, nawonso, okhala ndi pafupifupi kawiri kuposa ma blueberries.Ma juniberries alinso ndi vitamini C wochuluka, thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamini B-6, vitamini A ndi vitamini E.

Juneberries amapanga chomera chokongola, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyengerera mbalame zoimba ngati mapiko a mkungudza pabwalo lanu.Amelanchier alnifolia, mitundu yochokera ku Northern Plains yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa A. canadensis, ndi yabwino kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba, chifukwa sichimakula kwambiri, kotero kuti chipatsocho chidzakhala nthawi zonse.Imatha kupirira malo osiyanasiyana ndipo imayenda bwino ngakhale mu dothi losauka.Dzuwa lathunthu ndilofunika, komabe.Kuphatikizika kwina ndikuti masamba a juneberry amasanduka salmon-pinki mu kugwa, ndikuwonjezera mtengo wake ngati chitsamba chowoneka bwino.Funsani nazale yakwanuko za mitundu ya juneberry.

Zipatsozo zimakhala zatsopano, ndipo zimapanga ma pie abwino kwambiri.Ndiabwino kwambiri kuzizira, chifukwa amapanga ma smoothies abwino kwambiri, okhala ndi michere chaka chonse.Ndizothandiza kuziundana poyamba pamapepala a makeke, ndiyeno kuwasamutsira ku zotengera zambiri.Mwanjira imeneyi sapanga mtundu wa glacier wa monolithic juneberry womwe umafuna chisel, kuyang'anira akuluakulu ndi zida zothandizira kuti athyole chunk.

Anthu amtundu wa kumpoto kwa North America ankakonda kwambiri zipatso za juneberries, ndipo anthu a ku Ulaya amene anasamukira kudziko lina anatsatira chitsanzo chawo.Nanunso mutha kupezerapo mwayi pazipatso zakuthengo zosayamikiridwazi.Ino ndi nthawi yabwino yoti muzindikire malo omwe mbewu za juneberry zidzakololedwe m'chilimwe chino.

Chimodzi mwazomera zomwe ndimazikonda mwina ndi zamitundumitundu, kapena zosokoneza kwambiri.Kumbali ina, akatswiri odya udzu ngati akalulu ndi nswala amakana ngakhale kuchikhudza, koma anthu ambiri, kuphatikiza inenso, amasangalala kudya tsiku lililonse likapezeka.Ngakhale kuti kukhudzana nako kumakhala kowawa, kwatsimikiziridwa kuti kumachepetsa ululu wina wosachiritsika.Ilo laloŵerera m’zaka zoposa 1,000 za nthano, panthaŵi ina yodzazidwa ndi mphamvu yochotsera uchimo, komabe sayansi ya zamankhwala imavomereza kukhala njira yovomerezeka yothetsera matenda ambiri.Alimi ena amauona ngati udzu wovutitsa, koma ena amaulima.

Nettle yoluma, Urtica dioica, imachokera ku Ulaya, Asia, ndi kumpoto kwa Africa koma yafalikira ku North America kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico kupita kumpoto kwa Canada kwa zaka mazana ambiri.Akatswiri sagwirizana ponena za kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nettle ndi mitundu yaing'ono padziko lonse lapansi.Pofuna kusokoneza zinthu, ambiri a iwo amadutsana kuti apange mitundu yosakanizidwa.Ngakhale kuti mitundu ingapo siluma, ngati nettle ndi kukupatsirani zidzolo, ndi bwino kutchula lunguzi nettle.

Nettles amamera singano zazing'ono pamitengo, masamba, ngakhale maluwa ake.Zotchedwa trichomes, singano zokhala ngati galasi zokhala ngati silika zimabaya kusakaniza kwa mankhwala opweteka akakumana.Malo ogulitsa amasiyana ndi mitundu, koma nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo histamine, 5-HTP, serotonin, formic acid ndi acetylcholine.

Nanga n’cifukwa ciani munthu angaike mdani wankhondo ameneyu m’kamwa mwawo?Chabwino, lunguzi zikaphikidwa, tsitsi loluma limawonongeka.Komanso, lunguzi ndi tastiest yophika wobiriwira, zakutchire kapena zoweta, kuti ine ndinayamba ndakhalapo.Zimakoma ngati nkhuku.Kuseka.Imakoma kwambiri ngati sipinachi, kupatula kukoma.Nettles amatha kuwiritsa, kutenthedwa kapena kutenthedwa.Ndiabwino okha kapena mu supu, omelets, pesto, casseroles, kapena mbale yabwino kwambiri yomwe mungabwere nayo.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri za nettle ndikuti ndi zina mwazinthu zobiriwira zomwe zimayambira chipale chofewa chikasungunuka.Ndiyenera kutchula kuti nsonga za zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimakololedwa kudya.Ubwino wake ndikuti mukasankha, nsonga zazing'ono zimabwereranso.Pamapeto pake amatalika kwambiri komanso olimba, koma kuthyola pafupipafupi kumatha kukulitsa nyengo ya nettle mpaka Juni.

Pazifukwa zowuma, lunguzi zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri (pafupifupi 15%) kuposa masamba ena aliwonse obiriwira.Ndi magwero abwino a iron, potaziyamu, calcium, ndi Mavitamini A ndi C, ndipo ali ndi chiŵerengero chathanzi cha Omega-3/ Omega-6 fatty acids.Chifukwa chakuti kuumitsa kumathandizanso kuti lunguzi liziluma, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ziweto.Masiku ano lunguzi zimadyetsedwa kwa nkhuku zoikira kuti zibereke bwino.

Yunivesite ya Maryland Medical Center inanena kuti lunguzi zimathandiza kuthetsa zizindikiro, monga kuvutika kukodza, za Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) mwa amuna.Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito ululu kuti athetse ululu, U of M Medical Center inanenanso kuti kafukufuku "... akusonyeza kuti anthu ena amapeza mpumulo ku ululu wa mafupa popaka tsamba la nettle pamwamba pa malo opweteka.Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kutenga mphutsi yapakamwa ya nettle, pamodzi ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa (NSAIDs), kunalola anthu kuchepetsa mlingo wawo wa NSAID.

Monga The Cat in the Hat adanena, si zokhazo.Mungaganize kuti a U of M amagulitsa lunguzi momwe amawonekera kuti amawalimbikitsa.Lingalirani za kuvomereza uku: “Kafukufuku wina woyambirira wa anthu anasonyeza kuti makapisozi a nettle anathandiza kuchepetsa kuyetsemula ndi kuyabwa mwa anthu odwala hay fever.Pakafukufuku wina, 57% ya odwala adawona lunguzi kuti ndi othandiza pothana ndi ziwengo, ndipo 48% adati lunguzi zinali zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa mankhwala omwe adagwiritsapo kale.

Olima dimba amagwiritsira ntchito lunguzi monga “nyowa wobiriwira” chifukwa chakuti ( lunguzi, ndiko kuti—alimi angakhale ndi nayitrojeni wochuluka, koma samathiridwa nthaŵi zonse m’nthaka.) ali ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, komanso chitsulo ndi manganese.Nettles angathandizenso kukopa tizilombo tothandiza.

Simungachite chiyani ndi lunguzi?Ine ndikuganiza iwo ali ngati “malingaliro” a Dr. Seuss.Zikuoneka kuti mukhoza kuvala iwo, inunso.Nettles akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 2,000 ngati gwero la ulusi wopangira nsalu.Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, Germany ankagwiritsa ntchito nettle fiber kupanga yunifolomu ya asilikali.Ndapanga chingwe kuchokera ku nettle zimayambira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yotchedwa reverse-wrapping.

Ngati muli ndi nettle patch, khalani ndi nthawi yokolola masamba opatsa thanzi akamafika masika.Chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika: Mukazunguliridwa ndi lunguzi, simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kucheza!

Nthawi ina tonse timadabwitsidwa ndi chikalata chomwe amati chidalembedwa m'Chingerezi, koma chidapezeka kuti chinali m'chilankhulo chachilendo monga legal-ese, medical-ese, kapena science-ese.Kuwukira mozemba kotereku kungatipangitse kukhala otopa, osokonezeka, okhumudwa komanso amantha.Chabwino, sayansi tsopano yatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito liwu lalikulu pamene lochepetsetsa lingachite bwino ndi zoipa kwa tonsefe.

Magazini ya February 12, 2020 ya The Ohio State News idawunikira kafukufuku waposachedwa wokhudza kuopsa kwa mawu asayansi, motsogozedwa ndi Hillary Schulman, pulofesa wothandizira pazakulumikizana ku Ohio State University.Shulman ndi gulu lake anamaliza kunena kuti: “Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ovuta, apadera ndi chizindikiro chouza anthu kuti sayenera kukhala nawo.Mutha kuwauza tanthauzo la mawuwo, koma zilibe kanthu.Iwo akuona kale kuti uthenga umenewu si wawo.”

Ndimadandaula nthawi ndi nthawi za jargon.Taganizirani mfundo yakuti nyama zotentha zokha zimagona m’nyengo yozizira.Zokwawa ndi amphibians ayenera kuvomereza kwa anzawo kuti amangokhalira kugunda m'nyengo yozizira, pamene nyama zomwe zimagona nyengo yotentha zimafunika kunena kuti zimalingalira, m'malo mogona.Ndimanjenjemera kuganiza zamanyazi otchedwa munthu wosagonera.

Koma zoona zake n’zakuti ndine wachiphamaso, chifukwa ndimakonda mobisa mawu, ndipo zimandilowetsa m’zolemba zanga kuposa mmene zilili zathanzi.Zinayambira pa Paul Smith's College kumpoto kwa NY State pamene ndinaphunzira kuti "nyama zamtundu wa benthic" zinali zinthu zokwawa m'matope ndi pansi pa miyala pansi pa mitsinje.Mwadzidzidzi anakhala oyenerera kuphunzira.Ndinali wonyadira kwambiri ndi pepala langa la nthawi, mawu onyoza-Environmental Impact Statement momwe ndinanena zinthu monga Lloyd, Zar ndi Carr Modification ya Sorenson Coefficient of Species Diversity and Evenness, momwe mawu oti "C" ndi ofanana ndi 3.321928 (chonde onani ku Tabu B mu Zakumapeto).

Aphunzitsi anga ankadziwa bwino lomwe zimene ndinali kunena.Koma vuto la nzika wamba yemwe akufuna kudziwa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha chitukuko chachikulu m'tawuni yakwawo sizinandichitikire panthawiyo.Kumvetsetsa mazana kapena masauzande amasamba azabodza ngati omwe ali mu Environmental Impact Statement sikwakukomoka.

Kenaka ndinagwira ntchito ku New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) kuti ifufuze ndi kuyeretsa nthaka ndi madzi apansi oipitsidwa ndi mafuta ndi zosungunulira.Kapena, mu jargon ya bizinesi, L-NAPL ndi D-NAPL.Imeneyo ndi mitundu iwiri ya maapulo akupha, ndikuganiza.Kwenikweni amaimira "Light, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids" ndi "Dense, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids."Pambuyo pa malipoti ochepa odzaza ndi mawuwa, komanso zinthu monga "kuthamanga kwa mpweya kudzera m'magalasi ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa glacial outwash," komanso "kusintha kwanyengo kwa hydrogeological gradient," maso anga amatha.Ndipo amenewo anali mapepala omwe ndinalemba.

Poyankhulana ndi CBC Radio's As It Happens host Carol Off tsiku lomwelo lipoti la Schulman linatuluka, Schulman adalongosola kuti "sindikutanthauza kutsutsa mawu.Ndikuganiza kuti mawu awa ndi olondola komanso omveka bwino omwe anthu odziwa amamvetsetsa. ”Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika.Mwachitsanzo, mawu onse apamwamba omwe ndidaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito ku NYSDEC anali ofunikira polankhula ndi alangizi ndi makontrakitala.Ndidapeza kuti nditamizidwa m'dziko lothandizira kutayika kwa zaka zingapo, zidakhala zachiwiri kulankhula ndi aliyense mwanjira imeneyo.Ndinayenera kuphunziranso momwe ndingalankhulire bwino, kunena, mwini nyumba yemwe ali ndi chitsime choipitsidwa poyerekeza ndi mlangizi yemwe anapatsidwa ntchito yokonza makina osefera.Kunena zowona, tingafunike kumasulira kwa malipoti aukadaulo, opangidwa ndi olemba abwino kwambiri omwe ali ndi mbiri yamphamvu m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Monga Hillary Schulman adauza CBC, "Asayansi akamagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa amatha kusokoneza omvera awo kuposa momwe amaganizira."Sindili woyenera kukhala wasayansi, koma ndimalemba za sayansi, kotero ndiyesetsa kuti ndisakhale wosamvetsetseka nthawi yomweyo.

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku Ohio State University, pitani ku https://news.osu.edu/the-use-of-jargon-kills-peoples-interest-in-science…

Ngakhale amayi anga achi Irish-America adandiphunzitsa kuti mawu oyambira O' (mbadwa ya) anali mbali ya mayina achi Irish monga Kelly, Murphy, Hogan ndi Kennedy, zingamveke zodabwitsa m'makutu mwanga kuti mabanjawa abwerera mwadzidzidzi ku Old. -Mawonekedwe a dziko.Ndili ndi vuto lomwelo ndi New-World marsupial, opossum.Ku Genesee Valley ya New York State komwe ndinakulira, otsutsa opezeka paliponse ankadziwika kwa onse kuti possums, ndipo zimamvekabe zachilendo kumva dzina lawo likutchulidwa ndi masilabi atatu.

Mwa mitundu 103 yodziwika ya opossums padziko lapansi, pafupifupi onse amakhala ku South ndi Central America (chifukwa cha mbiri, ku Ireland kulibe ma possums kapena opossums).Kuno ku North America, tili ndi imodzi yokha, Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana).

Zikuoneka kuti nyamayi inachokera ku South America, ndipo inayamba kuonekera m’mabwinja pafupifupi zaka 20 miliyoni zapitazo.Inayendayenda kumpoto pafupifupi zaka 2.7 miliyoni zapitazo panthawi yomwe imatchedwa "Great American Interchange," mwachiwonekere mtundu wina wa pulogalamu yosinthanitsa ndi mayiko akunja.Izi zinali pamene mitundu ya kumpoto monga nswala, nkhandwe, akalulu, zimbalangondo, mimbulu ndi otters inaukira South America.Kuphatikiza pa ma possums, otsutsa akum'mwera omwe adasamukira kumpoto akuphatikizapo anteaters ndi mileme ya vampire, kuphatikizapo mulu wa zamoyo zomwe sizinkakonda nyengo yathu, ndipo zinatha mwamsanga kuno.

Mofanana ndi skunk, moose, muskrat, woodchuck ndi nyama zina zambiri zomwe zimachokera ku America, nyama zoyamwitsazi zimadziwika kwa ife ochokera ku Ulaya ndi mayina awo.Pamenepa, opossum ndi mawu akuti Powhatan, omwe adalembedwa koyamba mu Chingerezi ndi Captain John Smith cha m'ma 1609 ku Jamestown m'chigawo cha Virginia.Ndawerengapo kuti mawu oti Powhatan oti “apassum” amatanthauza chinthu choyera komanso ngati galu, koma Smith adafotokoza kuti chilombocho chinali chachikulu cha mphaka, chokhala ndi mchira wa khoswe, ndi mutu ngati wa nkhumba.

Ngakhale lero, anthu amasewera nthabwala kuti opossum idasonkhanitsidwa ndi magawo otsala, ngakhale ndikuganiza kuti platypus imalandira mphotho ya izi, (zaukonde) pansi.Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti ma possums amawoneka ngati nkhonya: Ali ndi zala zazikulu zotsutsana ngati anyani, koalas ndi pandas, ngakhale mapazi awo akumbuyo, osati akutsogolo, ndi othamanga kwambiri.Mbalame zotchedwa marsupial za ku America zokha, zili ndi chinthu chomangidwiramo choponyera makanda monga mmene kangaroo ndi ma wallabies amachitira.Michira yawo ndi yopindika, imatha kukulunga ndi kugwira zinthu ngati mmene nyani amachitira.Ndipo pokhala ndi m’kamwa wodzaza mano 50 onga singano, ma possums ndiwo nyama yoyamwitsa ya ku North America yokhala ndi mano kwambiri.Mwina iwo sakhala otsutsa-zigawo zochepa, komanso ngati nyama yokhala ndi zida zambiri.

Fanizo limenelo lingakhale laluso, popeza kuti ma possum amatha kusintha, osakangana n’komwe za zimene amadya kapena kumene amakhala.Zakudya zawo zingaphatikizepo chilichonse kuyambira zinyalala ndi nyama yowola, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kukhala ndi nyama zokhala m'madzi ndi mazira a mbalame.Banja la opossum la ana ajoey okwana khumi ndi atatu nawonso ali panyumba pa mtengo wamphamba m’nkhalango, dzenje losiyidwa la nkhuni pafamu, kapena pansi pa khonde lakumbuyo m’dera lakutali.

Kugwirizana kwawo ndi zovunda ndi zakudya zina zonunkha kumapatsa opossum mbiri yoipa, koma poyerekeza ndi makoswe, ma raccoon ndi skunk omwe amasamalira nkhokwe za kompositi ndi kupha misewu, amatuluka akununkhira ngati maluwa.Chifukwa chimodzi, possums sadwala matenda a chiwewe.Amakhulupirira kuti kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti kachilomboka kakhalebe ndi moyo, ndichifukwa chake samadziwika ngati vector yachiwewe.Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa, ndipo samadziwika kuti amavutitsa anthu kapena ziweto.

Ndipotu ngakhale nyama ya possum itakhala kuti ikupsa mtima, sikanatha kubwezera."Kusewera possum" si njira, koma kuyankha kwa minyewa ngati kugwidwa.Thupi lake likamapindika ndi kuwuma, milomo yake imabwerera m’mbuyo kuti mano ake aonekere, amene amadzaza ndi malovu otuluka thovu.Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi chakuti madzi onunkhira amatuluka m'matumbo ake.Zimatenga mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo kuti chiweto chitsitsimuke.N'zosadabwitsa kuti kugwira ntchito kokakamiza koteroko kumasungidwa mu DNA ya possum.Kusadzidalira kumeneku kumakhala kokulirapo ndi ukalamba, kotero kuti wachinyamata sangathe kukomoka kwa mphindi zingapo mumasewera akuombeza.

Tsopano popeza nkhupakupa zamiyendo yakuda kapena yagwape zakhazikika m'dera lathu, matenda a Lyme ndi mitundu yake ingapo, komanso matenda ena obwera ndi nkhupakupa, ndi zowopseza zenizeni.Ngati ma opossums samakupangitsani kukhala okongola, mungawakonde bwino mutaphunzira kuti amadya pafupifupi 95% ya nkhupakupa zomwe amazipeza m'matupi awo.Iwo agwidwa ngakhale pa kamera akudula nkhupakupa zotupa pankhope za nswala.Popeza kuti nkhupakupa yaikazi yolemedwa bwino imatupa kuwirikiza ka 600 kulemera kwa thupi lake loyambirira, ndikuganiza kuti kudya imodzi kungakhale kofanana ndi kukhala ndi soseji yamagazi pa chakudya chamadzulo.

Kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe zimapha zimasiyana kwambiri, koma mkati mwa zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi za moyo, opossum ikhoza kupha nkhupakupa 20,000 mpaka 40,000.Ngakhale zikhoza kumveka ngati tonse tiyambe kulera pet possums, tiyeni tiyike izi: manambalawa akuimira ana a nkhupakupa zazikazi 7 mpaka 14.Komabe, ndi bwino kuposa kanthu.

Malinga ndi researchgate.net, ma opossum anali kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States zaka zana zapitazo.Panthaŵiyo unyinji wawo unayambira kum’maŵa kwa Texas kukafika kumpoto kwa Illinois, ndiye kum’maŵa, kutsetsereka chakum’mwera kwa Nyanja Yaikulu mumzera wokhotakhota kudutsa kumpoto kwa Pennsylvania kukafika kugombe.

Tsopano akupezeka ku Wisconsin, Michigan, ndi New England, komanso kum'mwera kwa Ontario ndi Quebec.Pamene ndinasamukira ku Chigwa cha St. Lawrence mu 2000, anthu a m’derali amene anakulira kumeneko anatsimikizira kuti m’derali munalibe ma possums.Sizinafike mpaka 2016 pomwe ndidawona opossum wanga woyamba wophedwa pamsewu pamenepo.Kuyambira pamenepo, kupenya kwakhala kofala chaka chilichonse.

Sizikudziwika ngati uku ndi kufalikira kwachilengedwe, kapena ngati kwachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kochititsidwa ndi anthu monga nyengo yokulirapo komanso nyengo yozizira kwambiri.Opossums samagona m'nyengo yozizira, kotero ndizotheka kuti kuzizira koopsa kungakhale chinthu chomwe chinachepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwawo.Mosasamala kanthu, ndikupangira kuti tilandire obwera osazolowereka koma okonzeka bwino.Tonse tinali osamukira kudziko lina kamodzi.

Kuti mumve zambiri kuchokera ku Ohio State University, pitani ku https://news.osu.edu/the-use-of-jargon-kills-peoples-interest-in-science…

Mkazi wanga wa francophone nthawi zambiri amasekedwa ndikayamba kuphunzira la langue, monga nthawi yomwe ndinanena connard nditatanthauza canard.Kwa olankhula Chingelezi cha chinenero chimodzi kunja uko, canard amatanthauza bakha, pamene mawu ofanana ndi connard ndi mawu omwe amagwirizana ndi "spithead," ndipo simukufuna kuti ana anu anene.Koma pamene mallards ndi abakha ena amadzimadzi amakhudzidwa, awiriwa ndi ogwirizana.Drake kapena mwamuna ndi connard mtheradi nthawi zina.

Mfundo ya Darwin yakuti “kupulumuka kwa wopambana kwambiri” sikuti nthawi zonse imanena kuti ndani amene wapambana pa ndewu ya nyanga kapena mpikisano wolimbana ndi zida.Kulimbitsa thupi kumatanthauza kukhala woyenerera bwino malo omwe munthu amakhala kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali wokwanira kuberekana ndipo motero kupatsira DNA yake.Koposa zonse, kumatanthauza kukhala wololera.

Mbalameyi, yomwe mwina ndi bakha wodziwika kwambiri ku North America, wokhala ndi mutu wobiriwira wonyezimira, bilu walalanje wonyezimira komanso kolala yoyera, akhoza kukhala amtundu wabwino kwambiri kuposa onse.M’malo mwake, katswiri wa zamoyo pa yunivesite ya Alberta Lee Foote anawatcha “Chevy Impala ya abakha.”Kwa iwo omwe anabadwa pambuyo pa 1990, Impala yomwe kale inali yodziwika bwino inali yogwiritsira ntchito zolinga zonse, pafupifupi sedan yoteteza zipolopolo.

Wabadwa ku North ndi Central America, Eurasia ndi North Africa, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) adayambitsidwa ku South America, Australia, New Zealand, ndi South Africa.Itha kukhala yothandiza kwambiri kuposa Impala.Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature, gulu lodzipereka ku kusamalira zachilengedwe, likutchula (bakha, osati galimoto) kukhala “mitundu yochepa kwambiri.

nkhawa."Kutchulidwa kumeneku kukumveka kosasangalatsa, koma pali nkhawa m'madera monga South Africa ndi New

Mosiyana ndi magalimoto, kumene mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi yabwino koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yaulere, mitundu yosakanizidwa ya mallard ndiyofala kwambiri moti abakha ena posachedwapa amatha kutha ngati mitundu yawo.Nthawi zambiri, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zamoyo ndi chakuti sichimatha kuwoloka ndi mitundu ina kuti ibereke ana, kapena kuti ikhale yachonde.Mallards, mwachiwonekere, sanawerenge mabukuwo.Ine ndimadana nazo pamene chilengedwe chimachita izo.

Mallard hyper-hybridization ndi chifukwa chakuti adasinthika kumapeto kwa Pleistocene, posachedwa m'mawu achisinthiko.Mallards ndi abale awo "okha" adayambira zaka mazana angapo.Nyama zomwe zinayambira zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo zakhala ndi nthawi yofalikira ndikukhala ndi zizoloŵezi zapadera, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa thupi ndi khalidwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosagwirizana ndi zamoyo zomwe zinkakhalapo kale.

Mallards nthawi zambiri amagonana ndi abakha akuda aku America, komanso amaswana ndi mitundu ina pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri, nthawi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya zamoyo ziwonongeke kapena kutsala pang'ono kutha.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), "Motsatira zake [za kuswana kwa mallard], bakha waku Mexico sakuonedwanso ngati zamoyo, ndipo abakha osakwana asanu pa 100 aliwonse a imvi a New Zealand atsala."

Mallards ndi mtundu wa chithaphwi kapena dabbling bakha, akugwedeza mitu yawo pansi pa madzi kuti adye mollusks, mphutsi za tizilombo ndi mphutsi, kusiyana ndi kudumphira pambuyo pa nyama.Amadyanso mbewu, udzu ndi zomera za m’madzi.Pokhala atazolowerana ndi anthu, amaoneka ngati osangalala kudya mkate watsiku ndi tsiku m’mapaki a mumzinda.

Njira yawo yokwerera, ngakhale ilibe thayo la kupambana kwawo, ingakhale chizindikiro chake.Pafupifupi 97 peresenti ya mitundu ya mbalame zapadziko lapansi, kukweretsa ndi chochitika chachifupi, chakunja momwe zinthu zamphongo zimaperekedwa kwa yaikazi ndi ziwirizo zikugwirana kumbuyo komwe kumatchedwa (ndi anthu osachepera) "kupsopsonana kwachikazi. ”Cloaca ndi njira yotsegulira mbalame yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa mazira, ndowe ndi chirichonse, ngati pakufunika.Kuchita kwa PG-13 uku sikumveka ngati zachikondi.

Abakha ena adachita monyanyira, akumachita nawo zachiwawa za X, zachiwawa.Amuna amphongo amatha kukhala ndi mamembala aatali kuposa matupi awo, zomwe zimayika zinthu moyenera kwa ife anyamata.Komanso, n’zofala kuti mbalame zambiri zamtundu wa mallard zimatengerana ndi nkhuku iliyonse, nthawi zina nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zivulale kapena, kawirikawiri, kufa kwa yaikazi.

Izi zikuwoneka ngati njira yoyipa yoyendetsera mtundu, ndi ma drakes omwe amapha akazi.Koma kuchokera ku kawonedwe ka gulu-kupulumuka, pali zomveka kwa izo.Azimayi awonedwa akusonkhanitsa abakha omwe amawoneka kuti alibe chilichonse chochita bwino.Chifukwa chomwe nkhuku ya mallard imatha kuwononga holo yosambira kapena malo ena ochezeramo kuti iwatsatire zimakhudzana ndi moyo wake.Mosiyana ndi atsekwe aku Canada, omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala zaka khumi mpaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu m'chilengedwe, mallards amtchire amakhala ndi moyo wazaka zitatu kapena zisanu.Izi zikutanthauza kuti akazi ambiri, omwe amayamba kuswana ali ndi zaka ziwiri, amagonana kamodzi kokha m'moyo wawo.Kuberekana kangapo, komwe kungapangitse nkhuku pachiwopsezo, kuwonetsetsa kuti mazira ake akhale ndi chonde.

Ndipo abakha asungwana ali ndi chinsinsi, ngati chodabwitsa, njira - nkhuku ikapeza chidwi cha anyamata, sangathe kuwathamangitsa koma akhoza kutenga bakha-bambo.Ngati mwamuna samukomera iye, amawongolera mbolo ya wotayikayo mpaka kumapeto kwa nyini mpaka atamaliza, kukopana kwabodza.Koma ngati akufuna

drake, munthu wamwayi adzaloledwa kupita mayadi asanu ndi anayi onse.Kuti ndiyankhule - ndikukayika kuti ndi nthawi yayitali.

Mwachiwonekere, mallards safuna thandizo lathu kupeza chakudya.Nthawi zambiri silili lingaliro labwino - ndipo malamulo amderalo amatha kuletsa - kudyetsa mbalame za m'madzi.Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi matenda, ngakhale matenda omwe amakhudza anthu.Zomwe zimatchedwa "kuyabwa kwa osambira," tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatha kupha anthu opita kunyanja, ndi ochepa kwambiri mwa iwo.Bungwe la GISD likuti “… imagwirizanitsa mbalame zakutchire, nyama zapakhomo, ndi anthu zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda."

Kutalika kochepa kwa mallards kunapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale ndi njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo khalidwe lachimuna.Anthu alibe chowiringula chotero.Zingakhale za bakha ngati anyamata tingavomereze kuti tisamachite ngati connard, koma izi sizingakhale zenizeni m'dziko lovuta.Mwina tingayese kuti tizilankhula zinenero ziwiri.

Nthawi zina ndimadzifunsa ngati miliri ya m'Baibulo ya ku Igupto wakale idapitilirabe mwanjira ina.Maluwa a algae oopsa, omwe nthawi zina amasintha madzi kukhala ofiira ngati magazi, akuwonjezeka.Ntchentche ndi nsabwe zalowa m'malo ndi nkhupakupa, zomwe ndingatsutse kuti ndizoipa kwambiri, ndipo matalala samasowa m'nyengo.N’kutheka kuti mliri wa achule sunayambe wachitikapo chiyambire m’nthaŵi ya Farao, koma achule akupha a nzimbe amene anatumizidwa ku Australia tsopano akuyenda movutikira kumeneko, ndipo akuwononga mitundu yonse ya nyama zakutchire.Ndipo pakali pano, dzombe likubweretsa mavuto aakulu ku Somalia, Ethiopia, ndi Kenya.

Kuno Kumpoto chakum’maŵa, ndife modalitsika omasuka ku mtundu wa ziwala zodyetsa dzombe zomwe zikupitirizabe kuvutitsa mu Afirika.Ngakhale zili choncho, dzombe lasanduka vuto lalikulu moti mu 2014 nthambi yoona za chilengedwe ku New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) inalengeza kuti dzombeli ndi Mitundu Yowonongeka Kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti “silingathe kukhazikitsidwa mwadala.”M’mawu ena, dzombe n’lovomerezeka m’malo amene silingathe kuthawa.

Monga mwachizolowezi uku ndikutsegula kwachinyengo, komwe sindipepesa moona mtima.M'khosi mwathu nkhalango, dzombe lomwe limakhudza NYSDEC ndi magulu ena oteteza zachilengedwe ndi dzombe lakuda (Robinia pseudoacacia), mitengo yomwe idachokera ku Central-Eastern US.

Gulu la nandolo, dzombe lakuda limakhwima mpaka 60-80 utali, ndipo limapanga nayitrogeni yake mwa "kukonza" nayitrogeni wam'mlengalenga kudzera pa mabakiteriya am'nthaka a symbiotic pamizu.Feteleza waulereyu amapereka mwayi kwa dzombe m'malo opanda michere.Kuphatikiza apo, ndi akatswiri odzipanga okha pogwiritsa ntchito zoyamwitsa kapena mphukira, monga momwe mitengo ya popula imachitira.Makamaka m'dothi losauka, izi zimatha kuyambitsa minda ya dzombe pafupi ndi monoculture.Dzombe limadzipatsanso diso lina lakuda pokhala ndi minga yakuthwa yodula zovala ndi khungu.

Mwa tanthawuzo, zamoyo zowononga zachilengedwe zimachokera ku chilengedwe china (nthawi zambiri kunja kwa nyanja), zimatha kukhala bwino ndikulowa m'malo mwa omwe akupikisana nawo, ndipo zimayambitsa zovuta zachuma, zachilengedwe, kapena thanzi la anthu.Zitsanzo monga mtundu wa emerald ash borer, kambuku kakang'ono ka ku Asia, knotweed wa ku Japan, ndi swallow-wort zimagwirizana bwino ndi ndalamazo, zomwe zikuwononga mabiliyoni ambiri, koma zopanda mikhalidwe yowombola.

Ndikuganiza kuti ndizolakwika kupenta zowononga zonse ndi burashi yomweyo.Chifukwa chimodzi, popeza pali mitundu yopitilira 400 yowononga ku NY State mokha, ma bristles amatha kutha kalekale musanamalize ntchitoyi.Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti dzombe lakuda, lomwe mwa nkhani zina linafalitsidwa kuchokera m’dera lakwawo zaka 500 kapena kuposerapo zapitazo, langotchedwa kuti lowononga m’zaka khumi zapitazi.M'malo otsetsereka, komanso m'malo okhala mbalame zakutchire nthawi zambiri, zitha kukhala zovuta.Komabe, pali madera ena ambiri komwe kuli kopindulitsa, pazachuma komanso zachilengedwe.

Dr. Robert P. Barrett wa ku Michigan State University, yemwe wakhala akufufuza za mitengo ya dzombe lakuda kuyambira 1978, analemba kuti “…chifukwa cha flavonoids mu heartwood, [nkhuni ya dzombe lakuda] imatha kupirira kwa zaka zoposa 100 m’nthaka.”Sunthani, redwood, yomwe imatha zaka 30 zokha.Kusawola ndiko kumapangitsa kuti mizati ya mpanda wa dzombe ipitirire patali zomwe zimaperekedwa panthawiyi.

Izi ndichifukwa chake dzombe lakuda lidatumizidwa ku Europe koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1600.M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, akatswiri a nkhalango a ku Ulaya achita ntchito yabwino koposa yosankha mikhalidwe yonga ngati mitengo ikuluikulu yowongoka, yofanana, ndipo masiku ano magwero abwino kwambiri opezera dzombe labwino amanenedwa kukhala ku Hungary.Alimi a ku Ulaya mwamsanga anazindikira kuti masamba a dzombe anali magwero ofunika kwambiri a mapuloteni kwa ziweto zolusa, ndipo mpaka lero amagwiritsidwa ntchito motero ku Ulaya komanso m’mayiko ambiri a ku Asia kumene dzombe lakuda linkatumizidwa kunja.

Polembera pulogalamu ya Cornell Small Farms, Katswiri Wowonjezera Steve Gabriel ananena kuti alimi a njuchi amayamikira dzombe lakuda.Maluwa ake ndi gwero lofunikira la timadzi tokoma ku njuchi, ndipo uchi wotsatirapo, womwe nthaŵi zina umatchedwa uchi wa mthethe, umafunidwa kwambiri.Gabriel akulembanso kuti dzombe lakuda limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "mbewu ya anamwino" m'minda ya mtedza chifukwa imayika nayitrogeni m'nthaka, ndipo silikhudzidwa ndi poizoni wotuluka mumizu ya mtedza.

Mfundo ina ndi yakuti dzombe lakuda ndiloyenera kubweza maenje a miyala, migodi ndi malo ena ovuta.Kumapeto kwa pepala lake la 1990 lakuti “Black Locust: A Multi-purpose Tree Species for Temperate Climates,” Dr. Barrett anati: “Monga umodzi mwa mitengo yosinthika komanso yomakula msanga yomwe imapezeka m’malo ofunda, nthawi zonse umafunika kukokoloka kwa nthaka. kuwongolera ndi kubzala nkhalango pamalo ovuta.Nkhalango zazikulu zatsopano za zamoyo zomwe zimakula mofulumira zingafunikire kuti mpweya wa CO2 ukhale m’mbuyo mumlengalenga mwathu.”

Dzombe lakuda limakula msanga m'malo osauka, mitengo yake imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu pamtengo uliwonse wa Kumpoto chakum'mawa.Ma chart a Wood-BTU nthawi zambiri amavomereza, mwina chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kukula kwa malo ndi malo komwe kumakhudza khalidwe la nkhuni, koma dzombe lakuda nthawi zambiri limakhala pakati pa 28 miliyoni ndi 29.7 miliyoni za BTU pa chingwe.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana, kapena bwinoko pang'ono kuposa, hickory.Mayesero ochitidwa ndi a Southern Forest Biomass Working Group adapeza kuti pamtundu uliwonse wamitengo yomwe idayesedwa, dzombe lakuda ndilotsika mtengo kwambiri kuti likule ndikutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, ndi pafupifupi ma BTU 200 miliyoni pa ekala patatha zaka zisanu.

M'zamalonda, dzombe lakuda limafunikira kwambiri matabwa amigodi, zomangira njanji, kupanga mabwato, komanso ntchito zambiri zomwe zisawole ndizofunikira.Malinga ndi wood-database.com, "Locust Black ndi nkhuni zolimba komanso zolimba, zomwe zimapikisana ndi Hickory (Carya genus) monga matabwa amphamvu komanso olimba kwambiri apakhomo, koma okhazikika komanso osawola."Bungwe la International Union for the Conservation of Nature likuona kuti ndi imodzi mwa malo osungira matabwa okhazikika komanso okonda zachilengedwe, ndipo National Wildlife Foundation inati ili ndi mitundu 57 ya agulugufe ndi agulugufe.Zifukwa zonse zabwino zokanthira dzombe pamndandanda wamiliri.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi, ndikufuna kuchenjeza anthu za mankhwala oopsa omwe ali muzakudya ndi zakumwa zathu.Chimodzi mwazowoneka chovuta kuchipewa.Chenjerani ndi Dihydrogen Oxide, chinthu chowopsa chomwe chimatha kuwononga zitsulo, kusungunula konkire, ndi kuwononga zinthu zingapo zapakhomo.Dikirani, ayi – amenewo ndi madzi basi.Sindinasangalale ndi chilichonse.

Chabwino, nayi nkhani yosokoneza: kaloti organic amadziwika kuti ali ndi (2E,4E,6E,8E) -3,7-dimethyl-9- (2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti retinoic acid.Yembekezanibe;pepani – ameneyo ndi Vitamini A wachilengedwe. Koma soya wopanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo amadzazidwa ndi 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin.Izi zidzakupangitsani kuganiza kawiri za kuika tofu pa foloko yanu.O, ndidachitanso.Zinthuzo ndi Vitamini B6, zomwe zimapezeka mumbewu zambiri - ndikupepesa chifukwa choyika phazi langa mkamwa.

Tonsefe timafuna chakudya chathanzi, chokoma, chopanda poizoni.Tsoka ilo, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati zakudya zathu zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi.Mawu ngati "organic" ndi "achirengedwe" akhala osasunthika ndikusokonekera muzambiri - zomwe ndikuwonetsa kuti aliyense azipewa, mwa njira - ndipo ataya tanthauzo lake.Mwachidule (pokhapokha ngati mulibe matupi), zakudya zomwe zili munyengo yake komanso m'madera nthawi zonse zimakhala zabwino kwa ife.Ngati wolima ali Certified Organic, kapena angatsimikizire zokolola zawo kapena nyama sinapatsidwe mankhwala, ndibwino kwambiri.Koma palibe njira yotsimikizira kuti chakudya china chilibe chowonjezera.

Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kukumbukira ndi chakuti zakudya zonse zomwe timadya - komanso maselo athu enieni - amapangidwa ndi mankhwala.Kutengera ndi chilankhulo chomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito, zinthu izi zitha kuwoneka ngati zowopsa.

Pali bungwe lotchedwa International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists kapena IUPAC, lomwe ntchito yake ndi kutisokoneza.Chabwino, ndi zomwe amachita, koma sicholinga chawo.M'malo mwake, anthu awa agwirizana pa dongosolo lodziwika bwino la mankhwala kuti chilankhulo chisakhale cholepheretsa pakufufuza.Koma ndiye

Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti chinthu chathanzi nthawi zambiri chimawoneka ngati chowopsa kwa osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.Ngati mumakonda fungo la mitengo ya paini, monganso ine ndimachitira, mukukokera ma alcohols a isomeric tertiary ndi sekondale cyclic terpene.Zikumveka zowopsya, koma ndizotetezeka mwangwiro.Mapangidwe amasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, koma ngati ndi paini woyera, mukununkhiza Nambala ya CAS 8002-09-3.Mu mawonekedwe okhazikika, mafuta a paini amalembedwa ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso owopsa m'maso.Ndi masewera a dzina chabe, komabe.Chonde, pitirizani kuyenda m’nkhalango.

Chomwe chimandivutitsa maganizo ndi mmene anthu amatchulira mayina.Ngakhale ndimadya nyama, zidandikwiyitsa kuwona chithunzi chaposachedwa chapa intaneti chomwe chimadzudzula zakudya zamasamba, zonga nyama (kapena chilichonse chomwe amaloledwa ndi okopa alendo ndi maloya kunena) chifukwa chokhala ndi "mankhwala owopsa" mwa iwo.Chilengezocho chinatchula chitsulo cha phosphate, “nyambo ya slug;”titanium dioxide, "choyera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto;"ndi zinthu zina zoopsa.

Chabwino, iron phosphate ndi chinthu chochitika mwachilengedwe.Ndibwinonso kwa inu, bola ngati simukudya kulemera kwa thupi lanu.Ndi pamene slugs amalakwika.Titanium dioxide si yachilengedwe, koma ndikukutsimikizirani kuti mwamwapo kilogalamu imodzi pofika pano, popeza ili mu zonunkhira zathu zonse, zonona za khofi, maswiti,

Kuwotcha mitengo ndi nkhani yomwe ndingathe kuikonza.Ndizopanda ntchito, zosawoneka bwino, zosayenera, zowopsa, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa dazi lachimuna komanso kumapeto kwa sabata.Kuwombera sikungaganizidwe, koyipa, koyipa komanso yucko!Zimenezo ziyenera kukhala zomveka bwino.Mafunso aliwonse?O, ndendende kukwera mtengo ndi chiyani?Yembekezanibe.Mmmm Ndibwinoko.Ndinachita kupukuta thovu pakamwa panga.

Kupaka mitengo, komwe sikungakhudze tsitsi lanu kapena nyengo, ndikuchotsa miyendo ndi / kapena mitengo ikuluikulu mpaka kutalika kosasinthasintha, ndikusiya ma stubs.Zomwe zimadziwika kuti mutu, kuyika zipewa kapena kuwongolera, zimatsutsidwa ndi International Society of Arboriculture ndi mabungwe ena akatswiri osamalira mitengo.

Topping sikuyenera kusokonezedwa ndi pollarding, mchitidwe wanthawi zakale pomwe alimi amatha kuphedwa chifukwa chodula mitengo ya mfumu, koma amaloledwa kudula nthambi yachaka chilichonse kubwerera ku "mpira" wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta komanso chakudya.Pollarding sagwira ntchito pa zamoyo zonse, ndipo kuti kupambana kuyenera kuyambika pamene mtengo udakali wamng'ono, ndikupitirira chaka chilichonse.

Bwererani ku topping.Imafupikitsa mtengo, koma sichisintha DNA ya mtengo yomwe imaulangiza kuti ukule kukula kwa mitundu yake.Pambuyo pa nthambi yachilengedwe yawonongeka ndi kukwera, kukula kwatsopano kumatuluka kuchokera ku khungwa.Mphukira izi, zomwe zimatchedwa epicormic sprouts, zidzakhala nthambi zazikulu.Mwatsoka, iwo nthawizonse bwino Ufumuyo kholo nkhuni.

Chifukwa mtengowo ukufulumira kuti upezenso kutalika kwake kolamulidwa ndi majini, nthambi zatsopano zimakula mofulumira kuposa nthawi zonse.Mumadziwa kuti kufulumira kumapangitsa zinyalala, ndipo pamene mtengo umagwetsa nthambi zolowa m'malo izi, "imayiwala" kuwonjezera ma lignin, omwe amapangidwa ndi matabwa omwe zitsulo zomangira zitsulo zili konkriti.Lignin ndi chinthu chomwe chimapatsa nthambi mphamvu.Kotero tsopano tili ndi nthambi zomwe ndi zofooka kuposa zoyambirira, ndipo zimamangirizidwa ku thunthu kapena matabwa akuluakulu.

Koma pali zinthu zina ziwiri.Chinthu Choyamba ndi kuvunda, komwe kumalowa pabala lililonse lakuthwa.Nthambi zathu zatsopano zofowoka posakhalitsa zimakhazikika ku chitsamba chowola.Zitha kutenga zaka makumi atatu kapena zitha kuchitika m'zaka zosakwana zisanu, koma kudula kulikonse kumamera nthambi yakupha.Pa zinthu zodalirika zochepa chabe m’moyo, zitatu mwa izo ndizo “imfa,” “misonkho,” ndi “kudula mitengo kumabweretsa ngozi.”

Chinthu Chachiwiri ndi bajeti ya mtengo.Mtengo wokhala ndi chipewa uyenera kutulutsa ndalama kubanki (wowuma kuti usasungidwe) kuti ulowe m'malo mwa nkhuni zokhala ndi masamba panthawi yomwe akaunti yake yakubanki yambiri, wowuma wosungidwa m'mitengo yamitengo, yabedwa ndikudutsa mu chipper. .

Mitengo imafunika nkhokwe kuti ipange mankhwala oteteza ku tizirombo ndi kuola, kukulitsa mizu, ndi kutulutsa masamba a chaka chilichonse.Mtengo wokhala pamwamba ndi wofooka kwambiri ndipo uli pachiwopsezo chowola, matenda, ndi tizilombo kuposa momwe unkachitira “mankhwala” ake asanakhalepo.Ngati mtengo wawufupi umafunidwa, mtundu waufupi uyenera kubzalidwa.

Zingamveke ngati ndikubwerera kumbuyo, koma pali mchitidwe wotchedwa "kudulira korona" womwe ungathe kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndikusunga kamangidwe kake kachilengedwe.Kuchepetsa korona kumafuna maphunziro ambiri kuti achite bwino.Itha kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mtengo ndi 20-25 peresenti, ndipo iyenera kubwerezedwa zaka 3-5 zilizonse monga mwanzeru wodziwa kubzala mitengo.

Mchitidwe winanso, wotchedwa “kupatulira korona,” umanena za mantha akawomba mtengo.Uku ndikudulira mwanzeru kwa nthambi molingana ndi denga lonse kuti muchepetse kulimba kwa mphepo.Kufikira 20% ya nthambi zamoyo zitha kutengedwa.Apanso, izi zimatengera luso lambiri kuposa topping.

Bungwe la International Society of Arboriculture, bungwe lofufuza ndi maphunziro la akatswiri osamalira mitengo, likulangiza anthu kuti kampani yamitengo yomwe imalengeza zamtengo wapatali sayenera kulembedwa ntchito iliyonse.Nthawi.Mwachidule, ndi bwino kuti musawalole kuponda panyumba yanu.Kampani yomwe ikufuna kukwera pamwamba pamitengo imatanthawuza kuti ndi yocheperapo kuposa akatswiri, komanso samvetsetsa zinthu zina za chisamaliro chamitengo, kuphatikiza njira zoyambira zotetezera.

Kudula mitengo ndikovomerezeka, komabe, kwa onse omwe amasangalala ndi zipewa za mapazi makumi anayi, ndi milandu yamilandu.Tsopano pali mafunso aliwonse?

Paul Hetzler wakhala ISA-Certified Arborist kuyambira 1996, ndipo ndi membala wa ISA-Ontario, ndi Society of American Foresters.Buku lake lakuti "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," likupezeka pa amazon.com

Chaka chilichonse ndimaphunzitsa makalasi angapo ozindikiritsa mitengo yachisanu.Ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse amachitidwa panja ngakhale kuzizira bwanji, kuwunika kwa ophunzira kumasonyeza kuti makalasi oterowo amakhala osangalatsa.Kuwonetsa ophunzira momwe angawunikire mtengo wina wamtengo wosabala masamba ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma kufotokoza chifukwa chake munthu ayenera kudzivutitsa ndizovuta.Yankho limodzi lingakhale lakuti, “Ndi pa mayeso.”Koma pali zifukwa zambiri zothandiza - ndi zolimbikitsa zochepa komanso zochititsa chidwi - kudziwa mtundu wa mtengo kuchokera kwa wina m'nyengo yozizira.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro opulumuka, aliyense amene adzipeza kuti watayika kapena wosowa (kapena amene ali wolimba mokwanira kuti apite kumisasa) kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira akhoza kukhala ndi madzi otetezeka ndi kumwa madzi.Kutentha kukakwera kuposa kuzizira masana ndi usiku pansi, kuyamwa kumachitika kuchokera ku shuga, zofewa (zofiira) ndi mapulo asiliva.Msuzi wa mapulo udzayendereranso m'dzinja panthawi yachisanu ndi chisanu.

Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe masamba asanatuluke, madzi a mapulo amatha, koma ma birches - oyera (mapepala), achikasu, akuda, imvi, ndi mitsinje - amatulutsa madzi ambiri kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Meyi.Mipesa yamphesa yakuthengo imakupatsirani chakumwa chopanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.M'dzinja ndi koyambirira kwa dzinja, kudziwa shrub dogwoods ndi viburnums kuchokera ku honeysuckle kungakupangitseni zipatso zokoma, zodzaza mphamvu osati zovulaza.

Ngati ndinu watsopano kumudzi, mutha kutaya nthawi yochuluka mosavuta, osatchulanso kutha kwa nkhuni m'nyengo yozizira, ngati mutadula mulu wa basswood mukuganiza kuti ndi phulusa.Ndikothandiza kwambiri kudziwa kuti muutsine, munthu akhoza kuwotcha phulusa ndi chitumbuwa chodulidwa mwatsopano, pamene matabwa olimba omwe angodulidwa kumene amatuluka mu chitofu.Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusangalatsa anzanu pogawa mapulo ofewa ndi dzanja limodzi, ndikuwapatsa chunk ya elm kapena bitternut hickory kuti ayese mwayi wawo.Osati kuti ine ndinayamba ndachitapo chotero inemwini.

Khungwa si gawo lodalirika la ID.Itha kupereka chidziwitso, koma sichiyenera kudaliridwa ngati gwero loyamba.Ma birches amatha kukhala ndi khungwa lakuda, lachikasu kapena lofiira, mwachitsanzo.Sikuti ma hickory onse ali ndi khungwa la shaggy.Khungwa la Cherry ndi ironwood ali ndi mizera yowoneka bwino yopingasa yotchedwa lenticel, koma pamitengo yaying'ono.Mitundu ina ya khungwa, monga mizere yooneka ngati diamondi ya phulusa, ikhoza kukhala kulibe kutengera momwe malo alili komanso thanzi lamitengo.

Chida chabwino chodziwira matenda ndikukonza, kutanthauza kuti nthambi zimamera molunjika panthambi, kapena zimasinthana.Mitengo yambiri imasinthasintha, kotero timayang'ana zotsutsana: mapulo, phulusa ndi dogwood, kapena "MAD."Zitsamba ndi mitengo yaying'ono m'banja la Caprifolaceae, monga viburnums, ndizosiyananso."MAD Cap" yofulumira ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti muzindikire yemwe ali wotsutsana ndi yemwe sali.

Kununkhira ndi chizindikiro chowona mtima, koma kwa mitundu yochepa chabe.Nthambi zachikasu ndi zakuda birch fungo ndi kukoma ngati wintergreen.Peel mphukira yachitumbuwa ndipo mupeza kakomedwe ka amondi owawa.Mapulo ofewa (ofiira) ndi siliva ali ndi khungwa lofanana, koma nthambi za mapulo asiliva amanunkhira bwino akathyoka.

Mitengo yathu yonse ya dogwood ndi zitsamba, zomwe zimasiya mapulo ndi phulusa ngati mamembala okha a gulu lamitengo yotsutsana.Mungaganize kuti zingapangitse zinthu kukhala zosavuta, koma zomwe zimachitika kumitengo zimatha kubweretsa chisokonezo.Mphukira iliyonse panthambi ya phulusa kapena mapulo ikhoza kukhala ikusowa "mnzake" kumbali ina ya nthambiyo.Kusweka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwonongeka kwa kuzizira ndi zinthu zina zidzachita izi, kotero musakhulupirire dongosolo la nthambi kwathunthu.

Mwamwayi kwa ife, masamba, monga Vulcans, sanganama.Yang'anani kwambiri pa mphukira kuti muwone ngati masambawo ali otsutsana kapena osinthika.Kukula kwa bud, mawonekedwe ake ndi kakhazikitsidwe zipereka zidziwitso zina.

Beech amakhala ndi masamba atali, ngati mapiko.Mitengo ya basamu imakhala ndi masamba omata, onunkhira.Mapuloteni ofiira ndi asiliva ali ndi masamba otuwa, ofiira.Masamba a mapulo a shuga ndi ofiirira komanso owoneka ngati chulu cha shuga.Mitengo ya oak imakhala ndi masamba kumapeto kwa nthambi iliyonse.Dzombe lakuda "losaoneka" limabisala pansi pa khungwa.

Mkati mwa mphukira iliyonse muli tsamba la embryonic (ndi/kapena duwa).Kuti ateteze mitengo yawo yanthete, masamba ambiri amitengo amakhala ndi mamba omwe amatseguka masika.Masamba a Basswood ali ndi mamba awiri kapena atatu, omwe amasiyana kwambiri kukula kwake.Masamba a mapulo a shuga amakhala ndi masikelo ambiri, ofanana.Masamba a butternut ndi hickory alibe mamba.Zida zabwino kwambiri za ID ya mtengo wachisanu ndi masamba.Kumbukirani kuti;akhoza kukhala pa mayeso.

Kuti mumve zambiri pakuzindikiritsa mitengo, onani buku la Cornell "Dziwani Mitengo Yanu," lomwe likupezeka ngati lotsitsa kwaulere (http://www.uvstorm.org/Downloads/Know_Your_Trees_Booklet.pdf)

Nthawi zina zimamveka ngati Old Man Zima ali ndi pulogalamu ya kutentha-oscillation yomwe amayatsa asanazimiririke kwa sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri, mwina kumalo otentha.Sindikunena kuti nyengo ya Disembala yakhala yovuta, yongopsa mtima.Thermometer yakwera ndi kutsika, kuchokera pang'onopang'ono mpaka pansi pa ziro, ndi kubwereranso mpaka makumi anayi ndi asanu pamwamba pa sabata lomwelo.Ndine wazinthu zosayembekezereka zachiwembu, koma mukawona chitsanzocho, nkhaniyo imakhala yotopetsa.

Kutsatira kusinthasintha kwanyengo kulikonse, ndimamva anthu akunena kuti zimasokoneza bwanji kuthyola masamba tsiku lina, kukhetsa chipale chofewa tsiku lotsatira, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito ma crampons tsiku lotsatira chifukwa cha mvula yachisanu.Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndizokwiyitsa kwa ife anthu, omwe tili ndi mwayi wobwerera m'nyumba zathu zofunda, taganizirani momwe nyamazo zimamvera.

Mvula yozizira kwambiri imatha kusokoneza zinthu kwa mbalame zoimba.Anapiye satha kuthyola nthiti za birch ndi alder zomwe zimadalira chakudya.Mtedza sungathe kuchotsa njere za paini ndi spruce zomwe zimakutidwa ndi ayezi.Zochitika za glaze zoterezi ndi zachilendo, ndithudi, koma zimachitika kawirikawiri pamene nyengo yozizira imasintha malingaliro ake masiku angapo.Kutsetsereka kwa ayezi pamwamba pa chisanu kumatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta ku grouse ndi turkeys, komanso agwape, kuti apeze kusakatula.

Ndi zodziwikiratu kuti chipale chofewa chakuya chimalepheretsa agwape kuti asafike pamasamba pansi, komanso kulepheretsa kuyenda kwawo.Pamene chipale chofewa chimafika mainchesi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo, matumbo awo amakoka, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti akweze miyendo yawo m'mwamba kuti atenge sitepe.M'mikhalidwe imeneyi, nswala "zimakwera pabwalo," kupeza pogona pamtengo wa conifer.Pansi pa denga lobiriwira nthawi zonse pamakhala chipale chofewa chochepa kwambiri chifukwa masamba amatchinga chipale chofewa.Vuto n’lakuti chakudya chimakhala chochepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina njala imapezeka m’mabwalo a nswala.

M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, turkeys zambiri zimafa ndi njala.Nthawi zambiri amapeza chakudya poyenda ndi kukanda pa duff kuti apeze chakudya, zomwe sangathe kuchita m'chipale chofewa chakuya.Ma Turkeys amafunafuna zipatso zomwe zimatsalira pazitsamba ndi mitengo ngati cranberry ya highbush, hawthorn, sumac ndi hackberry, koma zakudyazo ndizochepa.

Komabe zamoyo zina zimadalira chipale chofewa kuti zikhale ndi moyo.Makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ma meadow voles makamaka, amakhala bwino padziko lapansi pansi pa matalala, omwe amadziwikanso kuti chilengedwe cha subnivean.Ndiwotetezedwa ku mbalame zodya nyama, zilombo zawo zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kupeza mbewu zambiri zaudzu ndi zomera zina zomwe zingadyetse.Tsoka ilo nthawi zina izi zimaphatikizapo khungwa la timitengo ting'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhumudwitsa olima zipatso ndi eni nyumba.Komabe, m'madera ena a Adirondacks, American kapena pine marten amasaka makoswe pansi pa chisanu.

Zinthu zoyera zikaunjikana, akalulu a nsapato zosonyeza nsapato, amene ali ndi ubweya wochuluka, amakhala ndi mwayi woposa adani monga nkhandwe za miyendo yosalala.Koma ndi kuzizira kobwerezabwereza-kusungunuka, ubwino umenewo umasungunuka.Ndipo mitundu ina imavala zoyera m'miyezi yozizira.White camouflage sigwira ntchito kwa ermines ndi akalulu pamene nyengo yosinthasintha imasintha mtundu wakumbuyo.

Nthawi yachisanu imakhudzanso zamoyo zam'madzi.Oxygen imalowa m'madzi kupyolera mu kukhudzana ndi mpweya, komanso kuchokera ku zomera za m'madzi za photosynthesis.Madzi oundana ndi matalala amachotsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa zomera, komanso kukhudzana ndi mpweya ndi madzi.

Malinga ndi Bud Ziolkowski wa ku Saranac Lake, yemwe kale anali mlangizi wa Paul Smith's College yemwe amadziwa zamoyo za usodzi, nsomba zochepa zimafa chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira chaka chilichonse.Komabe, m’nyengo yachisanu ndi madzi oundana kwa nthaŵi yaitali, mpweya wa m’madzi ukhoza kutha moti unyinji wa nsomba ukhoza kulephera kupuma.Sinsonsomba zokha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya pansi pa ayezi - zomera zowola pansi pa nthaka kapena ma benthos amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuposa nsomba.

Ndikuyembekeza kuti Old Man Winter abweranso posachedwa, onse atatenthedwa ndi dzuwa komanso osangalala, ndikuzimitsa "App of ice and fire" kuti tithe kupitiriza ndi nyengo yoyenera.

Pakalipano, anthu ambiri a ku North America amva mawu akuti "Pangani America kukhala wamkulu kachiwiri," mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampeni ya Trump yotsogolera ku chisankho cha United States cha 2016. Mosasamala kanthu za momwe mwambiwu ungatanthauzire kapena kusamvetsetsedwa bwino, mwachibadwa kuti lingalirolo. kubwereranso ku malo abwinoko m'kupita kwa nthawi kunakhudza kwambiri anthu a ku America.

Ndikuganiza kuti zigamulo zambiri za Chaka Chatsopano zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lomwelo: Ngati timadya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kusiya kusuta, kusiya kumwa mowa kapena zakudya zamafuta ambiri, tikuyembekeza kuyambiranso kulemera koyenera kapena mphamvu zomwe tinali nazo kale.Ngakhale titakhala kuti sitinakhale ndi thupi langwiro kapena thanzi labwino, timadzilingalira kukhala wabwinoko ndipo tikufuna kupita patsogolo.Mwambiri, ichi ndi chikhumbo chabwino.

Kubweretsa mtundu ku nthawi yakale kungakhale kovuta.Tengani US, mwachitsanzo.Mu 1969, antchito adapeza ndalama zochulukirapo 26% kuposa masiku ano.Koma panali zipolowe zamitundu, ndi mitsinje yomwe idayaka moto, nawonso.M’zaka za m’ma 1950, chuma chinakula ndi 37 peresenti, koma ana masauzande mazana ambiri anadwala poliyo.Zoonadi ndi chimodzimodzi kulikonse - palibe dziko lomwe linali ndi zaka zamtengo wapatali ngati mutasuzumira kuseri kwa nsalu yotchinga.

Komabe, ndi nkhani yosiyana ndi ife monga aliyense payekha.Kwa munthu, tonsefe tinali ndi zaka zabwino kwambiri, ndipo n’zotheka kupezanso ena mwa makhalidwe ake ofunika kwambiri.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya zoyenera ndi zabwino, koma m'malingaliro mwanga ndizopanda kanthu popanda zofunikira zaumwini.

Ndili ndi zaka 28, ndinkadya chakudya cham’thupi, chitsulo chopopa, osamwa kapena kusuta, ndinali ndi moyo wopirira, ndipo ndinkagwira ntchito zimene zinkachititsa manyazi a Puritan.Koma si nthawi yotsiriza.Chifukwa chonyada ndi zinthu zimenezo, nthawi zambiri ndinkaweruza anthu olephera.Sindinathe kuvomereza kuti ndinali wosatetezeka bwanji kuti ndiwonetsere mantha anga kwa ena.Ndinkafuna kuchita bwino, koma nthawi zina ndinkachita manyazi.

Panopa kaŵirikaŵiri m’zaka zimenezo, ndayamba kubwereranso ku ukulu.Chabwino, mu njira yonseyo.Inde, nditha kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso maswiti ochepa, koma sindiye cholinga chenicheni.Ndi liti pamene ndinali wamkulu kwenikweni?Ndi yankho lomwelo kwa inu.Kwa aliyense.

Kaya mumakhulupirira kuti Mulungu anatilenga monga chifaniziro changwiro koma chapadera cha chifaniziro Chaumulungu, kapena kuti tinapangidwa zaka mabiliyoni anayi za mchitidwe wodabwitsa wa chilengedwe chotchedwa chisinthiko, kapena zonse ziŵiri, muyenera kuvomereza kuti tinabwera padziko lapansi modabwitsa kwambiri. .Chabwino, ndithudi - timafika opanda chochita ndipo tikusowa kusamaliridwa.Ndiko kupatsidwa.

Timatsika kuchokera kwa amayi athu kupita ku Planet Earth otha kulandira ndi kupereka chikondi, okhoza komanso ofunitsitsa kuphunzira zinthu zodabwitsa.Timabwera ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwachifundo ndi chifundo.Mwana aliyense wobadwa kumene amawonekera ndi kuthekera ndi chikhumbo cholumikizana ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu.Munthu aliyense.Kwa khanda, aliyense ndi wovomerezeka, monga momwe alili kudziko.

Patsiku limene tinafika, tinali okhoza kukonda aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa khungu, kugonana, kapena kumene anachokera.Patsiku limenelo tinali omasuka kotheratu kudzimva kukhala oyenerera kukhala pano ndi kutenga malo athu m’dziko.Patsiku limenelo, zimene zinali pakati pa miyendo yathu sizinakhudze mmene timadzionera tokha kapena anthu ena.Komanso mawonekedwe a khungu lathu kapena zikhalidwe zina sizinali choncho.Umu ndi mmene tinapangidwira.Uwu ndi ukulu.

Mulungu kapena chilengedwe chimatitumiza kuno muzovala zathu zakhungu, ndi kugonana kwathu kwangwiro.Dera la dziko lapansi ndi mtundu umene munthu amabadwirako ndi mwayi wongochitika mwachisawawa, kapena ndi woyenerera pa moyo wa munthu, malingana ndi maganizo anu.

Ngati mumakhulupirira Mulungu, muli ndi chidaliro chakuti chilengedwe chaumulungu chilibe cholakwa.Kaya Mulungu amapangira anthu akuda kapena abulauni kapena akhungu lopepuka zilibe ntchito.Inu mukumvetsa kuti zonse ndi chiwonetsero changwiro cha Umulungu.Komabe, mantha osadziwika bwino amatha kukopa anthu amtundu uliwonse kuwonetsa kusatetezeka kwawo pagulu lomwe amaliwona kuti ndi losiyana.N’zolimbikitsa kupanga zotchinga pakati pathu ndi “ena”wo.Zimapanganso zotsatira zoipa.Koma kwa munthu wachikhulupiriro, zimakhala zowopsa mwapadera.

Kungonena kuti chinthu chocheperako ngati khungu, kulumala kapena chilankhulo chimatiyika pamwamba - kapenanso kusiyana nacho - china ndikulengeza kuti timadziwa bwino kuposa Mulungu.Ndiko kunena kuti tikulondola, ndipo Mulungu ndiye wolakwa.Palibe mwano woipa kwambiri kapena woipitsitsa.Taganizirani izi.

Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ambiri akuvutika.Kugwira ntchito sikulinso gawo loyenera, chifukwa mabanja ogwira ntchito akulowa muumphawi mochulukira.N’zosadabwitsa kuti anthu amachita mantha.Chinthu chokhudza mantha ndi chakuti chidzakhala chanu ngati simuvomereza.Nachi mfundo yochititsa chidwi: Mungathe kuchita zinthu molimba mtima ngati mukuchita mantha poyamba.Awa si maganizo anga;Ndilo tanthauzo la kulimba mtima: “kukhoza kuchita chinachake chimene chimawopsyeza munthu.”(Oxford)

Chikoka cha utundu, tsankho, chikhazikitso ndi zina -isms pa nthawi ino n'zomveka.Zomvetsa chisoni, koma zomveka.Kuimba ena mlandu - mayiko, zikhalidwe, zipembedzo;mumatchula - chifukwa mavuto a munthu amathetsa mantha.Mantha samachoka.Zimasanduka chidani, chomwe chimathetsa mantha.Ndipo ngati chinthu chomwe munthu amadana nacho chikachoka pamalopo, "mantha a Novocain" adzatha, ndipo Wina watsopano adzafunika kuti athetse mantha.

Pamafunika kulimba mtima kwambiri kuti munthu amve mantha.Ngati muli m'gulu lomwe chikhulupiriro chawo chimaphatikizapo kusakhulupirira, kapena kudana ndi gulu lina, pamafunika kulimba mtima kopambana kuti muzindikire chikhulupirirocho ngati mphamvu yozikidwa pa mantha.Ochepa kwambiri ali ndi mipira yochitira izo.Kawirikawiri ndi amayi omwe amatsogolera njira yochokera kumisala ya kulakwa ndi kudana ndi "-isms" ndikubwerera kudziko lenileni.

Pamene anthu ambiri amatsegula Bokosi la mantha la Pandora ndikuzindikira kuti silingawaphe - komanso kuti tsopano akusangalala kuposa kale - ena atsatira.Ndi ndondomeko yapang'onopang'ono poyamba, osati kudzazidwa ndi adrenaline ngati kutulutsa chidani, koma pamene mantha anu atuluka, simufunanso Novocain wanthawi yochepa wa chiweruzo ndi mlandu zomwe zingakulepheretseni nthawi ndi nthawi.

Hei, inenso ndikuchita mantha.Kodi mukuganiza kuti mungakhale olimba mtima?Vomerezani mantha anu kwa inu nokha.Amvereni, ngakhale kuti sali omasuka.Kumbukirani, mudabadwa wamkulu.Yesetsani kukhala munthu weniweni, yemwe sankadziwa kusiyana pakati pa anthu ndipo anali wokonzeka kukondedwa ndi anthu onse.Chitani zomwezo.Dzipangeni nokha kukhala wamkulu kachiwiri.

Ambiri aife tidatuluka m'malo ogulitsira kapena konsati (makamaka, pazifukwa zina) kuti tipeze kuti galimoto yathu yakhala yosasunthika ndikusokonekera m'malo oimika magalimoto."Kutaya" galimoto yoyimitsidwa ndi vuto lofala kwambiri kotero kuti pali mapulogalamu othandizira kugwirizanitsa magalimoto ndi eni ake.Chifukwa chake zitha kukhala zodabwitsa kumva kuti sayansi yatsimikizira kuti tili ndi luso lachilengedwe lanyumba.

Zomwe sizimamvekabe mpaka pano, koma chinthu chimodzi chomwe chingathandize anthu kuyenda ndi zitsulo m'mutu mwathu.Ndiko kulondola - sunthani, Magneto.Anthu ena ali ndi ubongo wambiri kuposa ena, ndipo ambiri aife timadziwa munthu mmodzi yemwe timamuganizira kuti ali ndi dzimbiri lochulukirapo pakati pa makutu awo.Chowonadi ndi chakuti, tonsefe tili ndi ma cell olemera a ferrous omwe amakhala mu cerebellums ndi mu ubongo zomwe zingatithandize kulowera kumpoto.

Nyama, ndithudi, ndi bwino kwambiri pa osakhala GPS navigation kuposa anthu.Tikamalankhula za otsutsa omwe amatha kupeza njira yawo mozungulira, njiwa ya homing imabwera m'maganizo.Homers ali ndi luso lachilendo lopeza njira yobwerera kwa eni ake ngakhale atatengedwa mtunda wa makilomita oposa chikwi.Nkhani yeniyeni: ku New Zealand, utumiki wa Pigeongram unayamba mu 1898 mpaka 1908, wokhala ndi masitampu apadera.Nkhunda za njiwa zinalinso zofunika kwambiri kutsogolera ku nkhondo ya Normandy pamene wailesi inali yofunika.

Kuyenda kwa mbalame kwaphunziridwa bwino, koma zambiri sizikudziwikabe.Ngakhale mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zipeze njira yozungulira dziko lapansi, monga kuzindikira malo ndi malo a dzuwa, kukhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya Dziko lapansi ndikofunikira.Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame imasamuka usiku wokha, kotero kuti malo omwe ali pafupi ndi dzuwa sangathandize.

Mwamwayi kwa ife, Dziko lapansi ndi mtundu wa maginito opangidwa chifukwa cha chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chimazungulira kunja.Akadakhala kuti si maginito akulu, tonse tikadakazinga ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.Posachedwapa zadziwika kuti nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito puloteni yotchedwa cryptochrome kuti izindikire mphamvu ya maginito ya mapulaneti.Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa ndi kuwala kwa buluu wavelengths, omwe ali pakati pa 400 ndi

480 nanometers.Chotsatira pa mfundo iyi ndikuti ma cryptochromes amagwira ntchito masana okha.Nanga bwanji akadzidzi ausiku aja?

Mbalame, zikuoneka kuti zili ndi mitu yachitsulo yoopsa, (monga momwe wofufuza wina ananenera momveka bwino) “mzere wamkati wa mkamwa wapakamwa wokhala ndi chitsulo.”Ndi zimenezotu, zomveka ngati belu.

Tizilombo tokhala ndi minyewa yambiri tinayamba kuonekera mu nkhunda, koma akuganiza kuti mitundu yonse ya mbalame ili nayo.Anthu osamukira kutali amafunikira izi kwambiri, koma ngakhale nkhuku ndi mbalame zokhalamo zimadziwika kuti zili ndi kampasi yamkati.M’nkhani yofufuza imene inafalitsidwa m’magazini yotchedwa PLOS One mu February 2012, mlembi wamkulu G. Falkenberg analemba kuti: “Zomwe timapeza zikusonyeza kuti mbalame za m’kamwa zimakhala zofala kwambiri pa mbalame, ndipo zimatha kukhala maziko amphamvu a mbalame. kusinthika kwa mitundu ina ya machitidwe otsogozedwa ndi maginito."

Chitsulo cholemera si cha mbalame zokha.Mabakiteriya, ma slugs, amphibians ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri amatoleranso chitsulo chosazindikira.Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa posachedwapa pa mayankho a anthu ku mphamvu za maginito anapeza kuti nkhani zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi maginito opangidwa ndi labu.Monga momwe zimawonera pakuwunika kwaubongo komwe kumachitika nthawi yeniyeni, maphunziro amatha kuzindikira pomwe polarity idasinthidwa ngati gawo la kafukufukuyu.M'magazini ya Marichi 18, 2019 ya eNeuro, wolemba wamkulu Connie Wang adalemba "Tikunena pano kuyankha kwamphamvu kwaubongo wamunthu pakuzungulira koyenera kwachilengedwe kwa maginito amphamvu padziko lapansi.Ferromagnetism…imapereka maziko oyambira kuwunika kwamakhalidwe amunthu. ”

Chomwe chinandichititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi phunziro latsopano kuchokera ku South Korea.Mu pepala lofalitsidwa mu PLOS One mu Epulo 2019, Kwon-Seok Chae et al.anapeza kuti, ngakhale ataphimbidwa m'maso ndi kuvala zotsekera m'makutu, amuna omwe adasala kudya tsiku lonse adawoneka kuti akuyenda momwe amalumikizirana ndi chakudya.Kuti ndikhoza kukhulupirira.

Paul Hetzler ankafuna kukhala chimbalangondo atakula, koma analephera kufufuza.Atamva zambiri za kudzimvera chisoni kwake pazochitika zosasangalatsazo, tsopano akulemba za chilengedwe.Kuphatikizapo zimbalangondo, kamodzi mu kanthawi.Buku lake lakuti "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," likupezeka pa amazon.com

Mitengo yodula mitengo, ayisikilimu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi marina onse amatseka nthawi yophukira iliyonse pazifukwa zomwezo: masana akamachepera komanso kuzizira, zovala zawo zimacheperachepera.Pa nthawi ina zimakhala zomveka kumenya ziswani mpaka kumapeto kwa masika.

Mabizinesi ena omwe amasungidwa amakhala otseguka nthawi yayitali;mwina ali ndi mtengo wopindulitsa omwe ena alibe, kapena amakhala ndi mpikisano wocheperako.Zochepa ndizosiyana, kutseka sitolo pa nthawi yoyamba ya kugwa.Izi mwina ndizochitika zomwe sizimafika nthawi yachilimwe.Ine ndikuyankhula za mitengo pano, ndithudi.Mitengo yomwe masamba ake amawonetsa mtundu patsogolo pa anzawo amtundu womwewo ikuchita izi chifukwa sikusweka.

Mafakitole a shuga opangidwa ndi dzuwa omwe timawatcha kuti mitengo ndi opulumutsa bwino, komanso amasamala powerengera ndalama.Monga lamulo, sakhala mopitirira malire.Kuwonjezera pa kuwala kwa dzuŵa, zimafuna mpweya woipa, madzi abwino ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndipo mizu yawo imafunika kupuma mosavuta.Mfundo yomalizayi ndi yofunika kwambiri.

- ndikuyika ndalama mumtundu wa solar, womwe umadziwika kuti masamba.Pambuyo polipira masamba ake a pachaka a masamba, ndalama zake zimaphatikizapo kupuma kwa usiku, ndi kukonzanso kofunikira monga kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poyankha kuvulala.Ndalama zake ndi shuga;akaunti yake yosungira, zowuma.

Pamene chilimwe chikutha, usiku wautali umabweretsa ndalama (kupuma), pamene masiku afupiafupi amachepetsa ndalama, ndipo pamapeto pake amakakamizika kuti mitengo yolimba ikhale pafupi ndi nyengo.Komabe, ngati mizu ya mtengo yang'ambika, kupuma kwa mizu kumasokonekera, ndipo mizu imalephera kugwira ntchito yake.Fakitale yake ya shuga idzakhala yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yake, komanso yopanda phindu lonse.Dothi lodzaza ndi mchere wonyezimira, komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina kumasokoneza ntchito ya mizu.

Mitengo ya m'mabwalo ndi ya m'misewu imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa dothi, midzi yopanda malire, komanso mpikisano waukulu kuchokera ku udzu.Mitengo yokhala ndi nyumba zam'mphepete mwa nyanja imakhala ndi zovuta zina: kusinthasintha kwa madzi kumakhometsa mizu yake, ndipo dothilo limakhala lopanda michere.Mitengo yotereyi idzafika pachimake kuposa mitengo yolimba, ndipo idzawoneka poyamba.

Mtundu woyambirira ndi chizindikiro chodalirika cha kupsinjika kwa mtengo, koma phale limaperekanso chidziwitso.Tikudziwa kuti lalanje (carotenes) ndi chikasu (xanthophylls) zilipo kale m'masamba, ophimbidwa ndi chlorophyll wobiriwira.Mitengo imayamba kupanga phula kuti itseke madzi ndi zakudya m'masamba awo, zomwe zimafanana ndi nyengo yachisanu - zimateteza mipope.Masamba akatsamwitsidwa, chlorophyll imafa, ikuwonetsa chikasu ndi lalanje.

Mtundu wofiira-wofiirira (anthocyanins), komabe, ndi nkhani yosiyana.Mitundu yofiira imapangidwa mu kugwa ndi mitundu ina, makamaka mapulo, pamtengo wapatali.Sayansi sinapezebe mafotokozedwe omveka bwino a izi.Mfundo yofiira ndi yakuti mapulo amasonyeza zambiri

ali ndi thanzi labwino kuti "awononge" mphamvu kupanga anthocyanins.Chaka chatha m'chigwa cha Ottawa ndi kupitirira apo, mapulo a shuga anali achikasu okha, nthawi yoyamba kukumbukira zomwe zachitika.Maapulo ofewa (ofiira) anali ndi zofiira zambiri, koma mapu olimba analibe.Ichi ndi chisonyezo chakuti monga zamoyo iwo akukumana ndi kupsyinjika koopsa.

Ngati imodzi mwamitengo yanu ya pabwalo ili ndi masamba omwe amasintha ndikugwa msanga, mutha kutsimikiza kuti yatsika, ndipo zingakhale bwino kubwereka Wovomerezeka wa Arborist kuti aunike.Ngati malo omwe mumawakonda a ayisikilimu atsekedwa koyambirira, izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwa eni ake, koma atha kukhala otopa.

Sindingaganize zambiri zonena poteteza kaduka, umbombo, ndi kususuka, koma ulesi ndi wosiyana.Moyo wa zolengedwa zina umadalira kugona kwa theka la chaka, mfundo yomwe ndinayesera kubisira ana anga achinyamata.Njira zopulumutsira mileme, nkhuni ndi nyama zina zimaphatikizapo nthawi yayitali ya sloth.Chodabwitsa n’chakuti kanyamaka sikagona m’tulo.

Ngati hibernation imatanthauzidwa momasuka ngati nthawi yosagwira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kagayidwe kake mu nyama zotentha (endotherms) m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti ambiri a ife kumadera akumpoto timatero.Inde, palinso zambiri kuposa zimenezo.Zikuoneka kuti pakati pa akatswiri a zamoyo, tanthauzo lenileni linali nkhani yotsutsana mpaka zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.

Kale anali mawu osungidwa kwa anthu ogona "zakuya" omwe kutentha kwawo kwakukulu ndi kugunda kwa mtima kumatsikira pa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mtengo wawo wachilimwe.Chitsanzo chabwino chingakhale makoswe ena a ku Arctic omwe amatsika pang'ono madigiri 0 Celsius kapena 32 Fahrenheit.Tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyama iliyonse yomwe imatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi ndi kagayidwe kake.Kutsitsa mwachangu kagayidwe kake kumamveka ngati oxymoron, koma tisayambe kutchula mayina.

Nyama zoziziritsa magazi kapena ma ectotherm monga achule ndi njoka nawonso amagona m'nyengo yozizira.Ndizofanana kwenikweni ndi kugona, kupatula kuti akatswiri a zamoyo amachitcha kuti brumation.Izi ndichifukwa choti mawu omveka amapangitsa kuti okonda sayansi adzimva bwino, choncho chonde asekerereni (ife) kuti apitirize ntchito yawo yabwino.

Ndi ectotherms, munganene kuti hibernation imachitika;iwo samachita izo.Ngakhale ngati safunikira kugwira ntchito monga momwe zimayamwitsa zimachitira, chiwopsezo chawo chimakhalabe chodabwitsa.Achule ena, akamba ndi nsomba zimatha kupitilira nyengo yozizira m'matope omwe alibe mpweya, ndipo sizoyipa kwambiri chifukwa cha masika.

Ogona ambiri amasintha nthawi yawo malinga ndi nyengo: ngati ikhala yofatsa mpaka Novembala, zimbalangondo zakuda ndi chipmunk zimamera mochedwa kuposa nthawi zonse.Koma nyama zina, zomwe zimadziwika kuti obligate hibernators, zimagona

kuchotsedwa malinga ndi kalendala.Ngakhale mutatenga hedgehog ya ku Ulaya kupita ku Aruba m'nyengo yozizira, imatha kukhala narcoleptic nthawi yomweyo monga momwe anzake adachitira ku mapiri a Scottish.

Mpaka posachedwapa, zimbalangondo sizinapange mndandanda wa anthu ogona, koma tsopano ali ndi agologolo omwe amakhala pansi omwe amakhala m'gawo la zinyama zozizira m'nyengo yozizira ya Arctic.Zimbalangondo zomwe zili kumpoto kwenikweni sizingadye kapena kumwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungidwa kuti azipatsa mphamvu komanso mphamvu.Tikadakhala kuti tidakhala nthawi yayitali ngati minofu yathu imatha, koma ali ndi njira zowongolera mapuloteni kuti minofu yawo isawonongeke.

sindicho chimene chimatchedwa.Mwachilengedwe akatswiri a zamoyo adapanga liwu loti torpor yachilimwe: estivation is the

nthawi yoyenera kuzizira nyengo yotentha.Ndani amachita izi?Achule ena okhala m’chipululu amadzizinga ndi “baluni yamadzi” ya ntchentche kuti adikire kuti kuuma.African lungfish ili ndi chinyengo chofananira pamene maiwe awo auma kwakanthawi.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti wowerengera m'modzi ndi nyani, monga ife.Mbalame yotchedwa fat-tailed dwarf lemur ya ku Madagascar imakhala mumtengo wadzenje kwa theka la chaka mpaka kutentha kwatha.Ngati wachibale wathu wapafupi akhoza kugona, ndiye bwanji ifeyo?Makanema opeka asayansi awonetsa oyenda mumlengalenga akudzuka pambuyo paulendo wazaka zambiri, ndipo ichi chingakhale chochitika china pomwe zomwe zikuganiziridwa lero zimakhala zenizeni mawa.

NASA idalengeza mu 2014 kuti ikuyang'ana njira yoti akhazikitse antchito azaka zambiri zamlengalenga muakanema oyimitsidwa kwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi nthawi.Mwinamwake izi zili choncho kuti Mission Control isadzamvere mosalekeza “Kodi ife tiripobe?”kulira kuchokera kumbuyo kwa chombo.

Ngakhale kuti nkhani za kugonekedwa kwa anthu zachuluka, milandu yolembedwa ndi yosowa.Nthawi zina munthu amagwa mu ayezi ndipo amatsitsimutsidwa patapita maola angapo popanda kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena zotsatira zina za nthawi yaitali.Izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika mofulumira kwambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira ngati amizidwa m'madzi oundana.

Ngati kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika pang'onopang'ono, hypothermia nthawi zambiri imayambitsa, ndipo imfa ikapitirira.Zikuoneka kuti pali zosiyana.Chitsanzo chimodzi chinachitika mu 2006 pamene munthu wovulalayo adakhala milungu itatu yozizira kwambiri pa Phiri la Rokko kumadzulo kwa Japan opanda chakudya kapena madzi.Kutentha kwake kunali kutsika kufika pafupifupi 22 Celsius kapena

Asayansi apitilizabe kuphunzira za hibernation pamagwiritsidwe ake azachipatala.Koma ngati simuli munthu wachisanu, musayese kukhala wogona mwaulesi, kungoseka ndi, mukudziwa.Pitirizani.

Katswiri wa zachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, Paul Hetzler wakhala ISA-Certified Arborist kuyambira 1996, ndipo ndi membala wa ISA-Ontario, Canadian Institute of Forestry, ndi Society of American Foresters.Buku lake lakuti "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," likupezeka pa amazon.com

Pafupifupi aliyense amene adawona "Bambi" yapamwamba ya Walt Disney adakhetsa misozi, kapena adaletsa chikhumbo chofuna kunyozeka (ndiko kulira ku Scrabble-ese).Ngakhale ndikanadziwa zowononga zomwe agwape ali nazo pakukulanso kwa nkhalango, osatchulanso mbewu, malo ndi minda, zikadakhala zowawa kwambiri kwa ine.

wazaka zisanu pamene amayi ake a Bambi anaphedwa.(Oops—watcheru wowononga pamenepo, pepani.) Koma kodi filimuyo ikanatha bwanji ngati onse akanakhala mosangalala mpaka kalekale?

Kodi moyo umakhala wotani kwa agwape ochepa omwe ali ndi mwayi, mwina anzeru, amchira woyera omwe amatha kupewa magalimoto, nkhandwe, ma projectiles ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kupyola zaka zingapo zoyamba kukhalapo?Kodi nswala yokalamba imatha kupha nyama zakutchire mano ake atatopa?Ndikuwona Grand-Buck wowoneka bwino akugwira kuti zonyambita zamchere zinali bwino pomwe anali mwana, komanso kuti ana azaka zimakhala zosavuta kuwoloka msewu masiku ano popeza magalimoto ali ndi mabuleki oletsa kutseka.

Koma zoona zake n'zakuti moyo umavuta m'njira zambiri pamene zamoyo zimakula.Funsani aliyense amene adapuma pantchito ku Florida chifukwa chomwe adachoka kumpoto kwa New York ndipo angakuuzeni kuti nyengo yachisanu inali yosangalatsa mpaka matenda a nyamakazi ndi matenda ena osiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimachitikira mbawala zakutchire zikakhala okalamba-kodi zimatengera thanzi la zaka? zinthu monga mafupa oipa, mano ovunda, kapena zotupa?

Ndinafunsa funsolo kwa katswiri wopuma pantchito wa New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Ken Kogut, yemwe amakhala kunja kwa Potsdam.Iye anaseka.Iye anati: “Kukhala ndi nswala kufa chifukwa cha ukalamba kuthengo n’kopanda pake.Ken anapitiriza kufotokoza kuti ponena za kusaka, NYSDEC

Deta imasonyeza kuti agwape ambiri omwe amakololedwa ali m'zaka za 1.5 mpaka 3.5 (chifukwa amabadwa mu May ndi June, nswala nthawi zonse amakhala mu theka la chaka ndi nyengo yosaka)."Kuwona tonde wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu [pa cheke cha NYSDEC] ndizachilendo kwambiri."

Kuti timvetse mfundo imeneyi, taganizirani kuti a Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research akuti nthawi ya moyo wa akapolo ogwidwa ndi michira yoyera ndi zaka 16, ndipo nswala wogwidwa kale kwambiri amakhala ndi zaka 23 zakale.Yerekezerani izi ndi michira yoyera yakuthengo, yomwe ilibe mbiri yabwino, titero kunena kwake.Avereji ya moyo wa nswala zakutchire?Malinga ndi lipoti la University of Michigan, zaka ziwiri.Inde.Khumi amaonedwa kuti ndi malire a zaka zapamwamba, ndipo ndizochitika zosowa kwambiri pamenepo.

Kudziwa mpesa woyera-mchira amatchedwa okalamba nswala, osati kusokonezedwa ndi ukalamba makolo, amene ndi ntchito ya onse chiwerengero ndi ntchito mlingo wa ana awo.Kodi timapeza bwanji masiku obadwa omwe nswala wakhala ali nawo?Udokotala wamano.

Michira yoyera imakhala ndi mano a canine (zodabwitsa zomwe, mwachisoni, zimatayika) ndi incisors pa nsagwada zapansi, koma palibe pamwamba.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, sangazule nthambi monga momwe kalulu amachitira, koma amayenera kuing'amba ndi kukweza mmwamba.Koma iwo ali ndi minyewa ya pamwamba ndi yotsikirapo, ndipo mavalidwe amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa zaka za nswala.Kapena zinali, monga izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pambuyo pa imfa.

Mbawala zokalamba zinayamba ngati ntchito yasayansi ya nzika zakunyumba.M’zaka za m’mbuyomo, alenje amene ankatha kuzindikira nswala yamphongo kuyambira pa msinkhu wake kupita m’tsogolo, ankaonetsetsa kuti akamakololedwa amavala monyezimira.Zaka za mgwirizano wa zaka zodziwika za agwape ndi kuvala kwa mano (zikuwoneka kuti ndi milimita imodzi pachaka) zinapangitsa alenje ngati mlimi wa mkaka ndi woyambitsa NYS Big Buck Club Bob Estes waku Caledonia, NY, akatswiri okalamba a michira yoyera.

Kupatula kusaka, chinthu china chomwe chimayendetsa moyo wa nswala zakuthengo ndi kupha ana amphongo ndi mbira ndi zimbalangondo zakuda.Chodabwitsa n'chakuti ku Adirondacks, omaliza amatha kupha ana amphongo ambiri kuposa momwe amachitira.Kulosera n'kovuta kuwerengera, komabe, popeza nkhandwe ndi zimbalangondo zimadya chotsalira chilichonse - fupa, tsitsi ndi matumbo - za nyama iliyonse yomwe imapha kapena kupeza yakufa ndi zifukwa zina.Chifukwa chakuti nyama zolusa sizimaona kuti zili bwino poyera, sizidya nswala zakufa m’mphepete mwa msewu, zomwe zimasiyidwa kuti ziwole.

Kugundana kwa magalimoto agwape ndi chinthu chinanso chachikulu, ndi dipatimenti yowona zamayendedwe ku New York State

kupereka lipoti pafupifupi 65,000 pachaka.Koma njala m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, akutero Kogut, mwina ndiye chinthu chimodzi chomwe chingaphe agwape okalamba.Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza ma molars ovala, amakhala ndi mafuta ochepa omwe amasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira kuposa nswala.

Ndi kuphana konseku, kodi michira yoyera ikutha?Ayi ndithu.Dr. Peter Smallidge, State Forester kwa

nswala pa ma kilomita awiri.Masiku ano pali pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi, yokwanira kuwononga kuthekera kwa nkhalango zambiri kumeranso, monga mitengo yaing'ono imadyedwa ndi nswala pomwe ili mbande.

Matenda a Lyme amabweranso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa agwape.Katswiri wa Zanyama Zakuthengo ku Cornell Extension Dr. Paul Curtis akukhulupirira kuti ngati agwape atatsika pansi pa sikweya kilomita imodzi, yomwe ikadali yochulukirapo kuposa mbiri yakale, nkhupakupa, zomwe zimafalitsa matenda a Lyme, zitha kukhala zosowa kwambiri kuti zitha kuwopseza thanzi la anthu. .

Nchiyani chingachititse kuti agwape achepe chonchi?Ine sindikudziwa, koma ndithudi sikudzakhala ukalamba.

Monga ndale, cranberries imatha kusiya kukoma kowawa mkamwa mwanu.Koma mosiyana ndi ndale, zomwe kukoma kwawo kowawa kumadutsa mumtundu uliwonse wa zotsekemera, kukoma kwa cranberries kumasinthidwa mosavuta ndi shuga pang'ono.

Kunena kuti kiranberi chatsopano ndi chowawa kuli ngati kunena kuti Picasso ndi Monet ndi ojambula bwino.M'malo mwake, imatha kukhala ndi pH yotsika kuposa asidi am'mimba.Ndi pafupifupi zodabwitsa anthu anayamba kudya iwo, chabwino?

Kiranberi, chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mabulosi abuluu, chimachokera kumadera okwera kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.Ndi mpesa wobiriwira nthawi zonse, kapena nthawi zina chitsamba chaching'ono kwambiri.Dzinali limachokera ku maluwa ake amaluwa, omwe amasunthidwa kapena kubwezeredwa m'mbuyo kwambiri, kupangitsa maluwa ake apinki kukhala ngati (kwa ena) mutu ndi bilu ya crane.Mitundu ya ku North America ndi Vaccinium macrocarpon, ndipo mwamwayi kwa ife ili ndi zipatso zazikulu kuposa mitundu ya kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi kwina kulikonse.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chitsamba chotchedwa highbush cranberry ndi chonyenga ndipo sichigwirizana ndi zomwe timadya ndi zakudya zathu za tchuthi.Chisokonezo chotere chokhudza mayina wamba chimachitika kwambiri.M'dziko lazomera mulibe malamulo okopera, ndichifukwa chake olima mbewu okhala ndi mitu ngati anu amafanana ndi mayina apamwamba achilatini.

Inde tikudziwa kuti Amwenye Achimereka adagwiritsa ntchito cranberries, ndipo adawadziwitsa kwa anthu oyambirira ochokera ku Ulaya.Nkhani yodzionera yokha yochokera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1500s ikufotokoza momwe Algonquins ena adabweretsera makapu odzaza mabulosi kwa Aulendo obwera kumene pomwe amafika kumtunda.Ndikuganiza kuti pokhapokha ngati mutakhala ndi shuga pang'ono ndi zipatso, mwina mawonekedwe awo adapangidwa kuti alepheretse osamukirawo kuti asakhale.

Atsamundawo adawala ku timipira tating'ono tofiira timene timadziwika kuti zipatso za moss kapena zipatso za zimbalangondo, ndipo pofika m'ma 1820 alimi ena adayamba kutumiza mbewu yatsopanoyi ku Europe.Kukula sikungawoneke ngati mungayembekezere, ngakhale - zithunzi za cranberries zoyandama panyanja zomwe zimawoneka ngati nyanja zimapereka malingaliro olakwika.

Zipatso zakutchire nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo onyowa monga ma bogs, koma zipatso zomwe zimabzalidwa zimabzalidwa m'minda yosamalidwa bwino.Malo amchengawa, okhala ndi laser komanso kuthiriridwa kwambiri, azunguliridwa ndi ma berms kotero kuti minda imatha kusefukira ndi mainchesi asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu amadzi kuti kukolola kukhale kosavuta.Chifukwa zipatso zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa motere zimakhala ndi alumali lalifupi, nthawi zambiri zimawumitsidwa, kuziyika zamzitini kapena kukonzedwa nthawi yomweyo.Cranberries kuti adye mwatsopano nthawi zambiri amatengedwa pamanja m'minda youma.

M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, cranberries akhala akudziwika kuti ali ndi ubwino wambiri wathanzi komanso kukoma kwawo.Zakhala zikudziwika kuti ali ndi Mavitamini C ndi E, pantothenic acid, komanso manganese, mkuwa ndi mchere wina.Koma ndi ma antioxidant awo omwe asangalatsa anthu.

Mukawona "oligomeric proanthocyanidins" atalembedwa pa maswiti, simungagule.Koma mankhwala awa ndi ena ambiri achilengedwe ali ochuluka mu cranberries, ndipo ngakhale mayina owopsa ndi abwino kwa inu.Cranberries akuphunziridwa mozama kuti apeze phindu pochiza matenda a shuga, nyamakazi, khansa ndi matenda ena.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti madzi a kiranberi - zinthu zabwino, osati madzi a chimanga odzaza madzi a wannabe - angathandize kupewa miyala ya impso ya calcium.Kudziletsa muzinthu zonse, monga kuchuluka kwake (madzi a kiranberi, osati pang'onopang'ono) kungayambitse miyala ya oxalic acid m'chikhodzodzo.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsanso kuti madzi a kiranberi amalepheretsa mabakiteriya ena owopsa kuti asatimamatire.Zikuwoneka ngati Teflon kwa iwo.Ngakhale madzi a kiranberi sanapezeke othandiza pochiza matenda a mkodzo, ndi bwino kuwapewa poletsa mabakiteriya a coliform kuti asamamatire kumalo omwe sali awo.Nkhani yabwino kwa mano anunso: ma cranberries amathandizira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisamawonde mpaka ma enamel, motero amachepetsa kuphulika kwa mano ndi kubowola.

Ndipo makina opangira zisankho a 2020 akayamba kutenthedwa mudzakhala okondwa kumva kuti ma cranberries amathandizanso kupewa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa zilonda kuti asalowe m'mimba mwa munthu ndikupanga zilonda.Kuphatikiza apo, phindu lawo lamtima limaphatikizapo kutsitsa "zoyipa" za LDL cholesterol m'magazi ndikuwonjezera cholesterol yabwino ya HDL.Chifukwa chake ngati ndinu wokonda nkhani, sungani ma cranberries pafupi nthawi ya nkhani.

Tikukula, miyambo yachiyamiko ya banja lathu inali yolinganizidwa bwino.Poyamba tinadya kwambiri, koma titadya chakudya chamadzulo ine ndi abale anga aŵiri tinachita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kwa mphindi makumi atatu kapena kuposerapo.Nthawi zambiri ndi nthawi yomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali kukangana kuti anyamata awiri athyole chikhumbo cha Turkey.Zowona nthawi zina zidabweza ngati wogonjayo akulira mokweza kwambiri mpaka adakwezedwa ku timu yokoka.Pambuyo pazochitikazo, "zolimbitsa thupi" zowonjezereka zikhoza kuchitika ngati pangakhale malingaliro amphamvu pa chilungamo cha masewerawo.Mwamwayi, kuthyoka mafupa kunali kokha kwa nkhuku yophika, ndipo abalefe timagwirizana.

Furcula yooneka ngati Y, kapena fupa lolakalaka monga momwe anthu wamba amatchulira, ndilopadera kwa mbalame, ndikuliphwanya kuti mudziwe yemwe ali ndi magawo awiri - ndipo motero chikhumbo kapena mwayi - amabwerera zaka zikwi zingapo.Akuti pali njira zobisika zokopa yemwe amapeza theka labwino, koma izi sizinali zodziwika kwa ife monga ana.

Ngakhale miyambo yanu ya Thanksgiving siyimaphatikizirapo kuthyola khumbo, tonse tawona mitengo yomwe imafota mofanana.Mosiyana ndi chikhumbo chenicheni, komabe, palibe zotsatira zamwayi kwa aliyense mumikhalidwe yotere, chifukwa mitengo yomwe imagawika pawiri kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ngati Y iyenera kugawanika.Pamene mbali ziwirizi zimagawanika, mgwirizanowu umachepa kwambiri, koma mwayi wogawanika umawonjezeka nthawi zonse ndi zaka.

Kumbali ina, chibadwa cha mitengo ikuluikulu yambiri ndi chibadwa.M'nkhalango, mitengo yopanda bwino imagawanika panthawi ya mphepo kapena nyengo ya ayezi.Ndi njira yachilengedwe yothyola mitengo yokhala ndi ma genetic abwino (kapena mwayi, nthawi zina) kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali ndikubzala nkhalango zamtsogolo.Kusankha kumeneku ndikwabwino kwa nkhalango, koma osati mitengo yomwe imamera m'mabwalo athu, m'misewu ndi m'mapaki.

Ndife “osankha mwachisawawa” amene ali ndi udindo wosankha mitengo yomwe ibzalidwe, ndi kuti.Zimatengera khama lalikulu, ndalama komanso nthawi kuti mtengo wamthunzi ukhale wokhwima, ndipo tikufuna kuusunga motalika momwe tingathere.

Mitengo yonse ili ndi zophophonya, zambiri zomwe zimakhala zabwino.Koma zina zingakhale zoopsa.Pofuna kupewa kusweka kwa miyendo ikuluikulu, ndi milandu yowuluka yokhudzana ndi zinyalala, mitengo yokhala ndi zolakwika zowonekera nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa ngati nkhani.Popeza kuti mavuto ambiri a mitengo amabwera chifukwa cha zochita zathu, sizikuoneka kuti n’koyenera kutumiza mtengo wamthunzi wokhwima ku malo omera m’mwamba ngati tingapeze njira ina.

Penapake payenera kukhala katawuni kakang'ono kokongola kotchedwa Narrow Forks.Kumene mitengo ikukhudzidwa, ili ndi dzina la vuto lomwe limapezeka pamene mbali ya mgwirizano pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu iwiri yopikisana (yofanana) imakhala yovuta, osati yokongola.Zomata zamphamvu kwambiri ndizotseguka komanso kuyandikira mawonekedwe a U.Mafoloko opapatiza kapena maukwati amafookera ndi ukalamba ndipo pamapeto pake amalephera.Kugawanika kwakukulu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa, kumachitika panthawi ya mvula yamkuntho, ma microbursts ndi nyengo zina zachiwawa.

Mukakhala ndi chandamale chamtengo wapatali monga dzira la Fabergé kapena malo osewerera ana omwe ali patali kwambiri ndi mtengo wa “fupa lolakalaka”, pamafunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti muwongolere.Thanksgiving ku Isitala ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoti mitengo yanu iwunikidwe mwaukadaulo, chifukwa mapangidwe amitengo ndi osavuta kuwona masamba akachoka.Mtengo womwe uli woyipa kwambiri ungafunike kuchotsedwa, koma nthawi zambiri, kudulira mwanzeru ndi chingwe choyenera kumatha kuwupulumutsa.

Kuyika kuyenera kuchitidwa moyenera, chifukwa makina osapangidwa bwino ndi owopsa kuposa omwe alibe.The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A300 Support System Miyezo ya mitengo ya cabling si chitsanzo cha kulanda maboma akuluakulu.Zosiyana kwambiri;amalembedwa ndi mafakitale, ndipo amachokera ku kafukufuku wazaka zambiri.ANSI A300 imayala zinthu monga chingwe, bawuti ndi kukula kwa maso, kamangidwe, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu.Ndikofunikira kuti makina azingwe ayikidwe ndi Certified Arborist yemwe amadziwa bwino izi.

Kuti mungawope mapulo kapena thundu lanu likuwoneka ngati Frankentree, musadandaule: chingwe choyenera sichikuwonekera.Pakagawo kakang'ono ka mtengo wochotsa, ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mtengo wochotsa mwadzidzidzi komanso kukonza zowonongeka, mitengo yambiri imatha kukhala ndi nthawi yotalikirapo moyo pogwiritsa ntchito ma caling.Ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri ngakhale dongosolo langwiro likhoza kulephera, sindinawonepo chingwe choyika bwino chikulephera.Komano, ndawonapo zambiri zodzipangira kunyumba kapena zotsika mtengo.

Kuti mumve zambiri za cabling, funsani wa International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborist (treesaregood.org ili ndi ntchito yofufuza-ndi-ZIP).Mukalandira mawu kuchokera kwa katswiri, afunseni kuti akuwonetseni zolemba zawo za ANSI A300, ndikuumirira umboni wa inshuwaransi kuchokera kwa wonyamula awo.

Ndi nthawi yoyenera kuthokoza chifukwa cha mafoloko amphamvu, patebulo ndi kunja kwa malo.

Paul Hetzler wakhala ISA-Certified Arborist kuyambira 1996, ndipo ndi membala wa ISA-Ontario, Canadian Institute of Forestry, ndi Society of American Foresters.Buku lake lakuti "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," likupezeka pa amazon.com.

Zomwe sizimamvekabe mpaka pano, koma chinthu chimodzi chomwe chingathandize anthu kuyenda ndi zitsulo m'mutu mwathu.Ndiko kulondola - sunthani, Magneto.Anthu ena ali ndi iron-iron yambiri muubongo kuposa ena, ndipo ambiri aife timadziwa munthu m'modzi yemwe timamukayikira kuti ali ndi dzimbiri lochulukirapo pakati pa makutu awo.Chowonadi ndi chakuti, tonsefe tili ndi ma cell olemera a ferrous omwe amakhala mu cerebellums ndi mu ubongo zomwe zingatithandize kulowera kumpoto.

Mwamwayi kwa ife, Dziko lapansi ndi mtundu wa maginito opangidwa chifukwa cha chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chimazungulira kunja.Akadakhala kuti si maginito akulu, tonse tikadakazinga ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.Posachedwapa zadziwika kuti nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito puloteni yotchedwa cryptochrome kuti izindikire mphamvu ya maginito ya mapulaneti.Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyanjanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa buluu, omwe ali pakati pa 400 ndi 480 nanometers.Chotsatira pa mfundo iyi ndikuti ma cryptochromes amagwira ntchito masana okha.Nanga bwanji akadzidzi ausiku aja?

Mbalame, zikuoneka kuti zili ndi mitu yachitsulo yoopsa kwambiri, (monga momwe wofufuza wina ananenera momveka bwino) “matenda achitsulo okhala ndi chitsulo m’kati mwa chikopa cha m’kamwa mwake.”Ndi zimenezotu, zomveka ngati belu.

Paul Hetzler wakhala ISA-Certified Arborist kuyambira 1996, ndipo ndi membala wa Society of American Foresters, ndi Canadian Institute of Forestry.Bukhu lake la Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World, likupezeka pa amazon.com

Ngakhale kuti zomera zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi masiku afupikitsa a kumapeto kwa chilimwe poyamba kuchepetsa bizinesi yawo pa nyengoyi, goldenrod ndi chomera cha "tsiku lalifupi", mtundu umene umalimbikitsidwa kuti ukhale pachimake chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa masana.Ndiwosatha m'banja la aster, ndipo imafalikira ku North America.Padziko lonse lapansi, tili ndi zina mwadongosolo la mitundu 130 ya goldenrod mumtundu wa Solidago.

Monga imodzi mwa maluwa ochuluka kwambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi m'dzinja, duwa la kuthengo limeneli ndi la zomera zambiri zotulutsa mungu, kuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya njuchi, gwero lofunikira la timadzi tokoma komanso mungu wopatsa thanzi.Tsoka ilo, chinthu chomalizachi chapatsa goldenrod diso lakuda pakati pa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la ziwengo.

Maluwa owoneka bwino achikasu a Goldenrod amawonekera m'mphepete mwa misewu ndi m'madambo ndi msipu nthawi yomweyo yomwe mafunde amphamvu kwambiri a hay fever akuyamba. Ndiye ndizomveka kuti goldenrod adanenedwa kuti ndiye amachititsa maso ofiira owala, kuchulukana kwa sinus. , kuyetsemula, ndi kuzunzika kwa histamine komwe anthu ena amakumana nako nthawi ino ya chaka.Koma zikuwoneka kuti goldenrod mungu ndi wosalakwa pa milandu yonse.

Goldenrod sangakhale wolakwa chifukwa mungu wake ndi wolemera.Awa ndi nthawi yocheperako, ndikuganiza, popeza ndikopepuka kotero kuti njuchi zimatha kunyamula katundu wake.Koma mungu umalemera tani imodzi - komanso ndi yomamatira - ndipo samawombera kutali ndi mbewuyo.Sikuti mungu wa goldenrod sungathe kuchititsa kuti munthu asagwirizane nawo, koma kuti achite zimenezi, munthu amayenera kumamatira m'mphuno mwake ndikuzifinya.

Sikuti goldenrod alibe mlandu wokhudza ziwengo, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lina la mphira.Henry Ford anachita chidwi ndi goldenrod, ndipo akuti anapanga matayala opangidwa kuchokera ku chomeracho.Chidwi cha goldenrod chinayambiranso pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.Goldenrod imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala azitsamba pochiza miyala ya impso, zilonda zapakhosi ndi mano.

Ndiye ndani ali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha spike kumapeto kwa chilimwe ziwengo?Wolakwa ndi msuweni wa goldenrod, ragweed, ngakhale kuti samachita konse ngati wachibale wake wagolide.Ndikuganiza kuti tonse tili ndi achibale kapena awiri ngati ragweed m'banja lathu.Ragweed, chomera china chachilengedwe, chilinso m'banja la aster.Koma mosiyana ndi goldenrod imatulutsa mungu wochuluka kwambiri.

Ndiwopepuka kotero kuti mungu wa ragweed ukhoza kukhala wowuluka kwa masiku angapo.M'malo mwake, zochulukirapo zapezeka mumlengalenga mpaka ma kilomita 400 kupita kunyanja.Ndipo chomera chimodzi cha ragweed chimatha kutulutsa mungu wokwana biliyoni imodzi wowuluka pamphepo ndikukupangitsani kuyetsemula.Inde, ndizo zinthu zomwe zimakupangitsani inu kusangalala.

Chifukwa chimodzi chimene sitikukayikira kuti ragweed n'chakuti maluwa ake ndi obiriŵira kwambiri ndipo saoneka ngati duwa wamba.Zili ngati akuyesera kuti asakope chidwi, kukhala pansi pa radar ndikulola goldenrod kutenga rap.Chifukwa chake ragweed ndi yosavuta kunyalanyaza chifukwa ndi mphepo, choncho safuna kulengeza ndi mitundu yowala ndi timadzi tokoma tokopa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Zomera zokhala ndi mungu wa mphepo zapeza kuti ndizosavuta kukopa mphepo kuposa njuchi, koma choyipa ndichakuti zimafunikira kupanga mungu wambiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya ragweed - ilipo pafupifupi 50 mwa iyo - imakhala pachaka, koma imabweranso kasupe uliwonse kuchokera ku mbewu zambiri zomwe zimatulutsa mu kugwa.Ragweed ipitilizabe kutulutsa zoletsa mpaka chisanu choyamba, tiye tikukhulupirira kuti sichikhala nthawi yayitali chaka chino.Ndipo chonde thandizani kufalitsa uthenga wokhudza goldenrod kuti apewe milandu ina iliyonse yabodza.

Pamalo opangira mafuta ku Michigan mu 2015, bambo wina anayesa kupha imodzi ndi chowunikira ndikuwotcha chilumba cha mpope, ndikuthawa kuvulala.Zaka zingapo izi zisanachitike, munthu wina ku Seattle adataya nyumba yake kuwotchedwa pomwe akuyesera kupha akangaude ndi blowtorch.Ndipo Mazda adakakamizika kukumbukira magalimoto ake okwana 42,000 mu 2014 chifukwa akangaude amatha kutseka kanjira kakang'ono ka mafuta ndi silika, zomwe zimatha kusweka tanki yamafuta ndikuyambitsa moto.

Anthu amawoneka olimba kuti aziopa akangaude, ndipo zitha kukwiriridwa mu DNA yathu, kapena mu code yathu ya epigenetic.Mwachionekere zikanathandiza anthu oyambirira kukhala osamala ndi akangaude, chifukwa mitundu ingapo ya nyengo yofunda imakhala yapoizoni.Mukudziwa, ndi ochepa ochepa.Koma akangaude amatha kukhala ovuta kuwasiyanitsa.Ngati china chake chokhala ndi miyendo ndi maso ochulukirachulukira chikakwera mwendo wathu, ambiri aife timagwedezeka kaye ndikufunsa mafunso pambuyo pake.

Padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu pafupifupi 35,000 ya akangaude yadziwika ndi kuitchula mayina, ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambirimbiri yomwe sinapezekebe.Pafupifupi mitundu 3,000 imatcha North America kwawo, ndipo mwa iwo, ndi khumi ndi awiri okha omwe ali ndi poizoni.New York State ili ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa akangaude oopsa, pomwe Texas yasonkhanitsa khumi ndi chimodzi, pafupifupi gulu lonse.Koma kenako, iwo amachita chirichonse mu njira yaikulu kumusi uko.

Magwero sagwirizana ndendende, koma mwachiwonekere tili ndi mitundu pafupifupi makumi atatu ya akangaude mu Empire State, ndi khumi mwa omwe amawonedwa ngati ofala.Mungaganize kuti m'madera okwera sitingakhale omasuka ku akangaude oopsa;pambuyo pa zonse, ambiri a iwo amakhala kumalo otentha.Koma momwe zimachitikira mtundu wokhawo wodetsa nkhawa ku New York, wamasiye wakuda wakumpoto (Latrodectus variolus), ali wokondwa kumadera a Adirondack ndi North Country monganso ku Long Island.

Chochititsa chidwi chokhudza akazi amasiye akuda—otchedwa chifukwa chakuti amadziwika kuti amadya yaimuna pambuyo pa kukwatiwa—ndi chakuti khalidwe loterolo siliri lofala monga mmene ankaganizira poyamba.“Kudya anthu ogonana” kumeneku (mawu enieni asayansi) kudawonedwa koyamba mu labu momwe amuna samatha kuthawa.Zikuwoneka kuti kuthengo amatsatira "chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ndikuyamba" sukulu yamalingaliro, ndipo ambiri a iwo amapulumuka.

Ndondomeko yamtundu wofiira ndi wakuda pa galimoto ndi masewera.Pa kangaude ndizowopsa.Mwamwayi kwa ife, kuti tizindikire mkazi wamasiye wakuda wakumpoto sitiyenera kumutembenuza mozondoka kuti tiyang'ane mawonekedwe ofiira a hourglass pamimba pake.Momwe ndimaganizira, kuluma kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha anthu omwe amayesa kudziwa ngati kangaude wonyezimira wakudayo ndi wakupha kapena ayi.Komabe, mitundu yakumpoto ili ndi zigamba zambiri zofiira za geometric kumbuyo kwake kuphatikiza chizindikiro cha pamimba pake.

Ngakhale akazi amasiye akuda ali ndi utsi woopsa kwambiri, kangaude wa bulauni ( Loxosceles reclusa ) ndi woopsa kwambiri.Kulumidwa kuchokera ku recluse bulauni, ngakhale kuli kosowa, kungafunike thandizo lachipatala chifukwa kungayambitse imfa ya minofu (necrosis) ndi matenda omwe angakhale nawo komanso zipsera.Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo 100 aliwonse a milandu, kulumidwa kwawo kumabweretsa imfa ngati utsi umakhala wokhazikika.Zambiri mwazochitikazi zimakhudza okalamba kapena ana ang'onoang'ono.

Kuno ku New York tilibe akangaude a bulauni, omwe amapezeka kuchokera kugombe kupita kugombe koma amakhala ku Midwest.Mitundu yawo imachokera ku Gulf States mpaka kumpoto monga Virginia.Komabe, chaka chilichonse, owerengeka amafika kuno akamasunga katundu kapena katundu wapaulendo obwerera.Zotsalira za bulauni zimakhala zonyezimira komanso zonyezimira, osati zaubweya konse.Ali ndi chizindikiro chakuda, chooneka ngati violin pamsana pawo, khosi la violin likuloza chammbuyo kumimba.

Pali akangaude ankhanza, monga kangaude amene amabwera ku Pacific Kumpoto chakumadzulo, koma amene alidi oopsa kwambiri ndi ofatsa.Amasiye akuda amakonda kuthawa, ndipo chotsalira cha bulauni chimatchedwa chifukwa.Zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni pamene imodzi mwa izi ikubisala mu bafa thaulo kapena chovala ndikumangidwa pakhungu la munthu zomwe zimapangitsa kulumidwa ndi nyama zamanyazi.

Ngakhale kuti akangaude ambiri sangathe ngakhale kuboola khungu la munthu, akangaude amakonda kuimbidwa mlandu munthu akadzuka ali ndi chizindikiro chofiira pakhungu.Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoterezi zimachokera ku tizilombo toluma monga udzudzu kapena nsikidzi.

Kunena zowona, tili ndi kangaude yemwe amatha kuluma komanso kuluma, kangaude wa yellow-sac (Cheiracanthium spp.).Zofala ku North America, zimakhala zotumbululuka, zachikasu mpaka zobiriwira (nthawi zina pinki kapena zofiirira), zonyezimira zapakatikati zomwe zimapanga nyumba zazing'ono za silika m'masamba opindika, m'mipata ya miyala, ndipo nthawi zina pakona ya chipinda.

Ngakhale sizowopsa, mtundu uwu uli ndi poizoni wochepa kwambiri womwe ungayambitse zidzolo, kapena nthawi zina, necrosis yochepa ya minofu.Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu zapitazo mmodzi wa iwo analuma m'mbali mwa khosi langa (inali mu kolala ya malaya anga), ndipo bala lotseguka lokulirapo pang'ono kuposa faifi tambala.Chotupacho chinasanduka imvi ndipo chinatenga njenjete zingapo kuti chichiritse.Ndiyenera kuwerengera madalitso anga, komabe.Panalibe moto.

Ndizomveka kuti mitengo yakufa ili ndi zipsera zomaliza.Zikumveka ngati mkhalidwe woyipa - madandaulo anga.Koma mitengo yabwino kwambiri ili nayonso (zipsera zomaliza, osati zotonthoza).Ndi chinthu chabwino, popeza zipsera zomaliza zimapatsa njira yabwino kwambiri yodutsira mbiri yaumoyo wamtengo kubwerera zaka 5 mpaka 10.

Chomera chamitengo chikakhala ndi masamba okwanira, chimapanga masamba ndi maluwa mchaka chotsatira.Mkati mwa masamba a vegetative uliwonse pali nsonga ya mphukira, pamene ziwalo zoberekera zili m'maluwa a maluwa (zodabwitsa kuti mitengo imakhala ndi chinsinsi cha masamba a vegetative, koma palibe maluwa opuma ngati nyengo yachisanu iwonongeke).Pansonga pa mphukira iliyonse, chomera chamitengo chimapanga mphukira yayikulu kuposa yapakati, yomwe idzakhala mtsogoleri wam'tsogolo wa tsamba lake.Mphukira yomaliza ikayamba kumera m'nyengo yachilimwe, imasiya khungwa lomwe limafalikira mpaka kuzungulira mphukirayo.

Mutha kuyang'ana m'munsi mwa nthambi yoyang'ana tsinde lake, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumapeza zipsera zosachepera zisanu, nthawi zina zochepa, nthawi zina zochulukirapo.Magalasi owerengera kapena lens lamanja adzakuthandizani, chifukwa zipsera zakale sizimasiyana kwambiri.Malo apakati pa chilonda chilichonse amatchedwa node, ndipo amaimira kukula kuchokera ku chaka china.Zimagwira ntchito ngati wolamulira wa arborists ndi nkhalango, ndipo zitha kukhala za inunso.

Ndithudi izi zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zamoyo, koma munthu angayembekezere kuwona mainchesi anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi a kukula kwatsopano chaka chilichonse kuti mphukira ikapeze kuwala kwadzuwa kokwanira.Koma mukapita ku koleji kapena mukuyenda mumsewu wodutsa anthu ambiri, mupeza mitengo yomwe ili ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka inchi pakati pa zipsera.Zingakhale zomveka kuganizira za malo osungira mitengo.

Izi zikuthandizani kupanga zisankho zabwino pakusamalira mitengo yanu yamitengo, chitsamba cha shuga, kapena mitengo yamitengo.Ngati muwona kusowa kosalekeza kwa kukula bwino, mumachitira mtengowo kapena kuyimirira mosiyana.Mwina kuyesa nthaka kuli koyenera.Ngati mukufuna kudulira mtengo wotere, chotsani zochepa kwambiri, zosaposa 5 peresenti ya zinthu zokhala ndi masamba.Ngati mukudabwa momwe ankhalango amasonkhanitsira zitsanzo za nthambi kuchokera ku

Metric ina yothandiza poyesa mitengo yaying'ono ndi chinthu chotchedwa trunk flare.Yang'anani maziko a mtengo uliwonse.Ngati pali chiwombankhanga chowonekera, ndi momwe chiyenera kukhalira.Koma ngati thunthulo likufanana ndi mpanda pamwamba pa nthaka, zowola za mtengowo sizingagwire ntchito.Nthawi zina mtengo wawung'ono umakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuti ukule mizu yatsopano (yodziwikiratu) komwe ungathe kupeza mpweya, koma nthawi zambiri sungachite bwino momwe ukanakhalira.

Zithanso kukhala ndi mizu yomangirira, zomwe zimamveka chimodzimodzi.Iyi ndi mizu yomwe idayamba kumera mozungulira chifukwa chopingasa chinali chovuta kulowa mchaka choyamba kapena ziwiri.Pamene thunthu lomakula likufika ku imfa iyi, mizu yomangira ngati nsato imatsamwitsa thunthulo.Izi zimachitika mitengo ikafika zaka 25-35.Sidebar: Nthawi zonse vula burlap pamene mtengo uli mu dzenje.

Munthu amatha kuwona ntchito zamanja zomangira mizu m'misewu yayikulu ya NYS pakati pa Ogasiti ndi pakati pa Seputembala.Mitengo yobzalidwa ndi DOT ya kalasi yazaka 25-35 imayamba kusinthika isanakhale mitengo yozungulira yamtundu womwewo.Mukangoyang'ana chodabwitsa ichi, mudzawona izi kulikonse komwe mungapite kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa autumn.

Chifukwa chomwe mitengo yokhomedwa kapena yodwaliridwa ndi masamba odulidwa oyambilira amagwirizana ndi miyeso yawo.Ngati mtengo ukuzulidwa ndi mizu yomangirira, fakitale yake ya shuga imakhala yosagwira ntchito bwino poyerekeza ndi ena amtundu wake.Mitengo yotere imafika pachimake kuposa mitengo yolimba, motero imayamba kukongoletsa.

Tsopano muli ndi zida zingapo zowunika thanzi lamitengo.Ndikukhulupirira atha kukuthandizani kuti mitengo ingapo isakhale yomaliza nthawi yake isanakwane.

Mwezi uliwonse wa Novembala, owonera nyenyezi amasangalala kuwonera mvula ya Leonid meteor (chaka chino pa 17 ndi 18), yomwe imawoneka ngati ya voyeuristic, koma kwa aliyense wake.Alenje amakonda kwambiri Novembala, ndipo anthu ambiri amawona Thanksgiving mwezi womwewo.Komanso ndi nthawi yabwino yobzala mitengo yambiri.

Ndibwino kubzala mtengo kuchokera ku nazale womwe uli ndi mizu yakeyake (mwina mpira-ndi-burlap kapena wobzalidwa m'chidebe) nthawi iliyonse yomwe nthaka isanawume.Koma kukumba ndi kusuntha mtengo mu nyengo yakukula kumakhala ngati kuchita opaleshoni popanda opaleshoni.Zitha kuchitika, koma zotsatira zake sizikhala zabwino nthawi zonse.

Masamba akachoka, mitengo imatha kusunthidwa bwino chifukwa yagonera, mawu achifalansa akuti "kugona mozama kwambiri sumadzuka ngakhale wina akukumba ndi mizu."Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitengo ing’onoing’ono imachira pambuyo pobzalidwa bwino kusiyana ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri imathera mopambanitsa.Ndipo kusuntha mtengo wawung'ono kumakhala kosavuta kumbuyo kwanu.

Mukapita kukakumba mtengo kuchokera m’nkhalango kapena m’mphepete mwa munda, kumbukirani kuti muyenera kukhala ndi chilolezo kwa mwiniwake.Komanso ndikofunika kukumba mozama kuposa kuya.Ngakhale ndi mitengo ya oak ndi walnuts yomwe ili ndi taproots yayikulu, kupeza mizu yabwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kutenga taproot yonse.Kuti ziwonetsere izi, dzenje loyenera kubzalira liyenera kukhala looneka ngati mbale komanso m'lifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa muzu, koma osazama.

Kuonjezera ma organic matter pazambiri zakumbuyo mwina kudayamba kale, pomwe anthu nthawi zina ankagwira wolima mitengo, ngati wina ali wothandiza, ndikuponya mdzenje.Mwina poyankha izi, olima mitengo ambiri masiku ano amalangiza kuti pakhale zinthu zocheperapo kapena zosawonjezerapo m'dothi lachibadwidwe lomwe lili ndi chonde chabwino.(Langizo: Zomera zomwe zimamera pamalopo zimawonetsa momwe nthaka ilili yabwino.)

Ngati dothi ndi losauka kwambiri, monga dongo loumbika, mchenga kapena m'mphepete mwa misewu, payenera kupangidwa dzenje lalikulu kuwirikiza kawiri.Mutha kusintha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dothi lokumbidwa ndi organic zinthu ndi/kapena zosintha zina.Ngakhale nthaka ikhale yabwino kapena yoipa bwanji, musagwiritse ntchito feteleza wamalonda panthawi yobzala.

Mizu idzapitirirabe kukula malinga ngati nthaka ikukhalabe yosazizira, choncho ndikofunika kuti zotengera zakugwa zisaume.Kuyika kapena kusayika nthawi zambiri ndi funso lomaliza.Ngati pamwamba ndi yayikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi muzu wa muzu womwe umatha kuwomba, ikani pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu kapena zidutswa za chubu chamkati cha njinga kuzungulira thunthu.Chotsani mitengo posachedwa, chifukwa kuyenda kumalimbikitsa thunthu lamphamvu.Kuyika mulch wa mainchesi awiri pamwamba pa dzenje (kokani mulch kutali ndi thunthu) kumamaliza ntchitoyi.

Loweruka pa November 2, 2019, chigawo cha St. Lawrence County Conservation of Soil and Water Conservation Workshop chinakonza msonkhano wobzala mitengo mogwirizana ndi Mzinda wa Ogdensburg.Chochitikacho chidzachitika kuyambira 9 AM mpaka masana ku Dubisky Center, 100 Riverside Ave. ku Ogdensburg.Ndi yaulere, koma kulembetsatu kumafunsidwa.Ingoyitanitsani (315) 386-3582 kuti mulembetse kapena kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Paul Hetzler wakhala ISA-Certified Arborist kuyambira 1996, ndipo ndi membala wa Society of American Foresters ndi Canadian Institute of Forestry.

Maluwa, omwe amabadwira padziko lonse lapansi m'madera otentha a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, akhala zizindikiro zachikhalidwe zofunikira kwa zaka zambiri.Kutengera komwe muli padziko lapansi, amatha kuyimira kudzichepetsa, chiyero, kugonana kosalamulirika, kupatukana kwa Québec, chuma, kapena dimba lotukuka, kungotchula zotheka zochepa.

Duwalo limatchulidwa m’Chipangano Chatsopano, monga ngati pa Mateyu 6:26 : “Taonani maluwa a kuthengo: sagwira ntchito, sapota;koma ndinena kwa inu, kuti Solomo mu ulemerero wake wonse sanabvale ngati limodzi la amenewa.Uthenga momwe ndikumvera ndi wakuti munthu asataye mphamvu kudera nkhawa kuti azivala bwanji, chifukwa ngakhale maluwa akutchire amavekedwa bwino.

Tsoka ilo, kumpoto kwa New York State kuli tizilombo tatsopano timene timagwira ntchito podula maluwa.Kakombo Leaf Beetle (LLB) ndi mbadwa yofiira ya ku Asia ndi ku Ulaya yomwe ili ndi chilakolako chochuluka cha maluwa enieni, omwe ali mumtundu wa Lilium, komanso achibale awo a fritillaries (LLB samadya maluwa a tsiku).Poyamba kupezeka ku NY State mu 1999 ndi a Cornell Master Gardeners awiri ku Clinton County, kachilomboka kakakombo kafalikira pang'onopang'ono ku NY State pazaka 20 zapitazi, zomwe zidakhumudwitsa kwambiri okonda maluwa.

LLB Yachikulire imachokera ku 6 mpaka 9 mm (1/4 mpaka 3/8 ya inchi) yaitali, ndipo imakhala ndi tinyanga zodziwika bwino.Akuluakulu, omwe amadutsa m'nthaka, amayamba kudyetsa maluwa atangoyamba kuoneka.Zimaberekana, zimaikira mazira ndipo zimafa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, koma mphutsi zawo zimatuluka mwamsanga kuti ziwononge kwambiri.Pafupifupi 12 mm kapena theka la inchi ikakhala yakukula, mphutsi za LLB zimatha kukhala zachikasu kapena lalanje, koma simudzadziwa chifukwa zimapaka chimbudzi chawo ponseponse kuti ziletse adani.Ndi njira yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino wamaluwa, komanso pa mbalame.Patapita nthawi, mphutsi zimatuluka ngati kafadala, zomwe zimatsatira maluwa osauka.Zafika poipa kwambiri moti alimi ena asiya kakombo.

Koma ku St. Lawrence County, alimi ochepa a kakombo alimbana bwino ndi kupambana.Mu 2015, Dr. Paul Siskind, Katswiri wanyimbo pophunzitsa komanso Cornell Master Naturalist, ankafuna kupeza mankhwala abwino kwambiri a organic kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Chodabwitsa chake, Siskind adapeza kuti panali kafukufuku wochepa omwe adachitika pa LLB, ndipo palibe pamutu womwe adamukonda.Adapanga kafukufuku woyerekeza mphamvu za zinthu zomwe wamba, komanso adalemba kuchuluka kwa LLB komwe kumapezeka pamitundu inayi yamaluwa kuti awone omwe LLB amawakonda.

Nkhani yaifupi ndi yakuti mankhwala otchedwa Spinosad, opangidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya ena, amapereka kulamulira kwabwino kwa kachilomboka ka kakombo.Ngakhale ili ndi poizoni pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena ambiri ophera tizilombo, nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo a zilembo.Mafuta a neem, opangidwa kuchokera kumtengo wotentha, amalembedwa kuti ndi othandiza polimbana ndi mphutsi za LLB, koma Dr.Adanenanso kuti LLB imakonda kwambiri maluwa amtundu waku Asia monga 'Orange County,' pomwe maluwa a Lipenga ngati 'Mfumukazi yaku Africa' m'malo achiwiri.Mitundu ya Kum'maŵa inali yosakoma kwambiri, ndipo tizilombo ta kakombo sikamawonetsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mitanda ya Oriental x Trumpet monga 'Conca d'Or.'

Kutola m'manja, ngakhale kuli kosasangalatsa, kungaperekenso kuwongolera kwabwino kwa LLB, ndipo ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo komanso yotetezeka kwambiri mpaka pano.Guy Drake wa ku Heuvelton, yemwe wakhala akupanga maluwa osatha ndi zitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhulupirira kuti mukufuna kumenya LLB, mumangoyenera "kulima," m'mawu ake.Guy, yemwe angapezeke ku Canton Farmers' Market kawiri pa sabata, anandiuza kuti kachilomboka kofiira kameneka kanawononga kakombo kake kasankhidwe kamene kanayamba kuonekera kwa iye zaka zingapo zapitazo.Chaka chotsatira anayamba kufufuza mwachangu mazira a LLB, mphutsi ndi akuluakulu m'mawa uliwonse.Kuyambira pamenepo, wakhala wopanda kachilomboka.

Chinsinsi, adalongosola, ndikusankha m'mawa kwambiri.Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti tituluke msanga ndichifukwa choti kachilomboka kamakhala ndi chitetezo chapadera.Mukangoyandikira, amasiya zomerazo, n’kugwera pansi n’kugona tulo.Ngakhale zili zofiira pamwamba, pansi pake ndi zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzipeza.Koma m’bandakucha kozizira, akuti sasuntha, ndipo amatha kuseseredwa mosavuta m’madzi asopo kapena kuphwanyidwa.

Pakapita nthawi, kuwongolera kwachilengedwe kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa LLB kukhala kotsika kwambiri kotero kuti kutha kukhala chiwopsezo ku maluwa.Mu 2017, pulogalamu ya NYS Integrated Pest Management (NYS IPM) ku Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, molumikizana ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension, idatulutsa mitundu itatu ya mavu ang'onoang'ono ku Putnam ndi Albany Counties, komanso ku Long Island.Ofufuza ochokera ku NYS IPM akuti izi zikhala pang'onopang'ono, koma ali ndi chiyembekezo kuti kuwongolera zachilengedwe kwa LLB kudzachitika m'zaka zikubwerazi.

Pakalipano, tifunika kuthandiza maluwa kuti asawononge zovala zawo zokongola ndi kafadala.Pamwamba, aliyense!

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Tidadikirira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti chirimwe chifike chaka chino, ndiye nzosalungama kuti nkhanu zina zamaluwa zimasanduka zachikasu ndi zofiirira ndipo masamba ake adataya kale.Mountain-ash, serviceberry, ndi hawthorn amakhudzidwanso ndi vuto lomwelo.Pano ndi apo pali mitundu ingapo ya mapulo ndi mitundu inanso ikugwetsa masamba osasintha, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi zigamba zakuda kapena zofiirira.Zotsirizirazi zili ndi chiyambi chosiyana, koma zonsezi zimachokera ku nyengo yamvula ya 2019.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda totchedwa apulo nkhanambo (Venturia inaequalis) timakhudzanso mitengo ya maapulo, koma ena ochepa a banja la rozi, kuphatikizapo nkhanu zamaluwa.Venturia inaequalis ndi bowa lomwe limadutsa m'masamba akugwa amitengo yomwe idakhudzidwa kale;njere zake zimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku masamba akale kuti ayambe kuzungulira kwa matenda atsopano chifukwa cha mvula ya masika.Mwachiwonekere mvula yambiri imatanthauza kuchuluka kwa spores mumlengalenga ndi vuto lalikulu la matendawa.

Zizindikiro za nkhanambo ya apulo ndi timadontho tating'ono tofiirira kapena obiriwira pamasamba komanso zipatso.M'nyengo yotentha sipangakhale vuto lochepa, koma m'zaka zamvula nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti masamba ambiri aphedwe.Nthawi zina amawonetsa lalanje kapena achikasu asanagwe, ngakhale masamba akufa amatha kukhala panthambi kwa nyengo yonseyo.Mphere wa maapulo samapha mitengo kawirikawiri, koma imafooketsa.M'minda ya zipatso ya maapulo imatha kubweretsa chilema chomwe chimatha kung'ambika.

Imodzi mwa njira zosavuta zothandizira kuchepetsa nkhanambo ya maapulo ndikudula ndi kuwononga masamba akugwa nthawi iliyonse yophukira.Ma fungicides amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika pamene masamba akungoyamba kumene.Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi potaziyamu bicarbonate, organic pawiri.Komabe, ngati muli ndi nkhanu yomwe imakonda kuphuka, nthawi zonse imakhala nkhondo yokwera, yomwe imakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi.Njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi vutoli ndikusintha mbewu yosamva matenda.Masiku ano pali nkhanu zokongola zoposa 20 zolimba kuzizira zosamva nkhanambo.Mndandanda wathunthu ukhoza kupezeka pa http://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/outreach/recurbtree/pdfs/~recurbtrees.pdf

Anthracnose ndi liwu lodziwika bwino la gulu la bowa lomwe limakhudza masamba a zomera zambiri za herbaceous ndi mitengo yolimba.Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadzi timene timayambitsa, kotero kuti mtedza wa anthracnose umayamba chifukwa cha zamoyo zosiyana ndi mapulo anthracnose, ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zake ndi zofanana.Yang'anani zotupa zofiirira kapena zakuda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopindika, ndipo zimamangidwa ndi mitsempha yamasamba.Mofanana ndi nkhanambo ya apulosi, anthracnose imadalira kwambiri nyengo, imakhala yovuta kwambiri m'zaka zamvula kusiyana ndi youma.Komanso nthawi zambiri imapha mitengo, koma imafooketsa pakapita nthawi.Kufanana kwina ndikuti matendawa amatha kupitilira masamba omwe adadwala chaka chatha.

Ndikovuta kuwongolera anthracnose chifukwa spores imatha kupitilira nthawi yozizira panthambi komanso minofu yanthambi.Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ophera fungal angathandize, mitengo yamithunzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuti mwininyumba afikire masamba onse bwino, ndipo ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti mitengo ikuluikulu ipopedwe ndi galimoto ya boom.Masamba okhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka.Kuphatikiza apo, chitanipo kanthu kuti muwonjezere kufalikira kwa mpweya ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa kuzungulira mitengo yomwe yakhudzidwa.Zingakhale zofunikira kudula mitengo yomwe yabzalidwa pafupi kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti matenda aŵiriŵa akhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kuwonjezereka kwa nyengo kwanthaŵi zambiri m’zaka zaposachedwapa kwapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuwathetsa kuposa kale lonse.Ngakhale pali masamba osamva anthracnose, monga momwe ndikudziwira kulibe mitengo yolimbana ndi mango ndi dogwood, kotero kuti mtunda wodzala ndi ukhondo ndizofunikira tsopano.Koma njira imodzi yopewera nkhanu za nkhanu ndi kubzala mitundu yokhayo yolimbana ndi matenda yomwe ingakhale yosangalatsa ngakhale nyengo ili yoipa.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Imodzi mwa mitundu yowoneka bwino ya masamba akugwa imachokera ku gwero lonyozeka.Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaziwona ngati udzu, ndipo ena amaganiza kuti ndizowopsa, staghorn sumac wamba imatitengera kuphulika kowoneka bwino, kofiira-lalanje kofiira nthawi ino ya chaka.Mbiri yake ngati yosokoneza imakhala yokhazikika, chifukwa imatha kufalikira kudzera mu mizu yake m'minda ndi msipu, koma sumac sizowopsa.

Ndili mwana, Abambo adandiwonetsa poison ivy ndikuchenjezanso za poison sumac (pazifukwa zina, oak wapoizoni sanadulidwe).Monga momwe "Marco" amayendera nthawi zonse ndi "Polo," "poizoni" amatsatiridwa ndi "ivy" kapena "sumac," m'malingaliro mwanga.Pokhala ndikuyenda kosawerengeka kwachilengedwe, ndikudziwa kuti anthu ena ambiri adakulanso akufananiza sumac ndi poizoni.Staghorn sumac siyotetezeka kukhudza kokha, imakonda kwambiri.

Mukudziwa, poison sumac ilipo.Ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe amaziwonapo.Ngati mutero, monga ine ndachitira, mudzakhala akuya m’bondo (osachepera) m’madzi.Poison sumac ndi chomera cham'dambo chovomerezeka, chomwe chimafuna dothi lodzaza, komanso lodzaza madzi.Poizoni sumac ndi dambo-chinthu, ndipo kupatulapo kuti ili ndi masamba ophatikizika ndipo ndi chitsamba, sichimafanana pang'ono ndi sumac yomwe timawona tsiku lililonse.

Poison sumac imakhala ndi zipatso zotayirira zomwe zimasanduka zoyera zikakhwima, ndipo zimagwera pansi.Komano, "zabwino" sumac, ili ndi timagulu ta zipatso zofiira zomwe zimanyadira ngati nyali ya Lady Liberty.Poison sumac ili ndi masamba onyezimira, nthambi zosalala zonyezimira, ndipo masamba ake amasanduka achikasu mu kugwa.Mosiyana ndi izi, staghorn sumac ili ndi nthambi zosamveka.Masamba ake omaliza amasanduka ofiira kwambiri m'dzinja.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya "zabwino" sumac, ndipo onse ali ndi zipatso zofiira zofanana zomwe zimakwezedwa mmwamba.Zinthu zomwe zimapanga maapulo tangy ndi malic acid, ndipo zipatso za sumac zimadzaza ndi kukoma kokoma kosungunuka m'madzi.Kuti mupange "sumac-ade" zomwe mukufunikira ndi chidebe cha pulasitiki chodzaza ndi mabulosi a sumac (musawasankhe payekha), omwe mumadzaza ndi madzi ozizira.Sakanizani zipatsozo kwa mphindi zingapo ndikusefa mu nsalu yoyera.Izi zimakusiyani ndi chakumwa chowawa kwambiri cha pinki, chomwe mungathe kutsekemera kuti mulawe.

Chifukwa malic acid ndi osungunuka m'madzi, zipatso za sumac zimataya zina (koma osati zonse) za kukoma kwawo pofika masika.Nthawi yotsatira kugwa kofiira kwa sumac "mbendera" ikugwirani ndi maso, ganizirani kuyimitsa kuti mutenge zipatso kuti mupange chakumwa chotsitsimula.Ndipo mwamsanga ndi bwino.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Zizindikiro za nyengo ndi zambiri kuti kugwa kwayandikira.Agologolo otuwa akusunga chakudya chawo m'nyengo yachisanu motenthedwa maganizo, mabasi achikasu akusukulu atuluka m'nyengo ya hibernation, ndipo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti, mbalame za blackbird zikuchita masewera awo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.Zikuoneka kuti pali mtundu wina wa ma Olympic a mbalame kumalo awo achisanu.

Atsogoleri a Scout, aphunzitsi, ndi ogwira ntchito yosamalira ana mosakayikira amasangalatsidwa kuti atsekwe aku Canada amatha kukonza maulendo amtundu wa V omwe amatsata mtsogoleri popanda kukana, kukangana, kapena kuwongolera.Ndi ulemu wonse wa atsekwe osamukasamuka (ndi aja amene ali ndi ntchito yolinganiza magulu a ana), gulu la mbalame zakuda zikwi makumi ambiri zomwe zimatembenuka ndi kumawinda limodzi zimakopa kwambiri.Ngakhale mbalame za ng'ombe, mbalame za ng'ombe ndi mbalame zowonongeka zimayikidwa m'gulu la mbalame zakuda, ndi mbalame yakuda yotchedwa red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) yomwe ndimakonda kuiona kumpoto kwa New York State.

Poganizira kuti mbalame zakuda za mapiko ofiira zili mitundu yambiri ya mbalame za ku North America, kodi n’chifukwa chiyani sitikuzindikira kusamuka kwawo?Ndipotu, ziweto zawo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, kusiyana ndi atsekwe.M’chenicheni, Richard A. Dolbeer wa bungwe la USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services ku Denver ananena kuti gulu limodzi likhoza kukhala ndi mbalame zoposa miliyoni imodzi.

Kusamuka kwa atsekwe aku Canada ndikovuta kuphonya.Ngakhale ziweto zawo zooneka ngati V sizikukopani, kulira kwawo mokweza kumakudziwitsani zomwe zili, titero kunena kwake.Koma mbalame zakuda zimakhala zing'onozing'ono ndipo zimasamuka makamaka usiku, kuphatikizapo alibe mipope yomwe atsekwe ali nayo, ndipo mawu awo sapita kutali.Ndipo zowona kuti si ambiri kumpoto kwa NY State monga ali kumtunda kwa Midwest.

Mbalame zakuda zonse, mapiko ofiira kuphatikiza, ndi omnivores.Amadya tizilombo towononga tizilombo monga mbozi za chimanga, komanso njere za udzu, mfundo zimene tiyenera kuzikonda.Tsoka ilo nthawi zina amadya tirigu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana.Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri sawononga kwambiri mbewu.

Pamodzi ndi robins, ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyamba za masika.Nthawi zambiri ndimamva ndisanawawone;Kuyitana kwa amuna "oak-a-chee" ndi nyimbo m'makutu mwanga m'njira zambiri kuposa imodzi.Ndipo mapiko ofiira ndi achikasu a mapiko aamuna amakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino wa sepia ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chimakhala chapakati pa Marichi.

Mapiko ofiira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otayirira m'madambo.Ndikukumbukira tikupalasa bwato ndi mwana wanga wamkazi m’kati mwa mikanje, tikusuzumira m’zisa za mbalame zakuda za mapiko ofiira pamene akuluakulu akuyandama m’mwamba, akumatsutsa mokweza ndipo nthaŵi zina tikudumphira pafupi kwambiri ndi mitu yathu.Dambo limateteza mapiko ofiira ku zilombo zolusa monga nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, ndipo zazikazi, zomwe ndi zofiirira, zimasakanikirana bwino.Nkhuku, ndi akadzidzi pang'ono, amawononga mbalame zakuda mosasamala kanthu za kumene amamanga chisa.

M'dzinja, mbalame zakuda zimasonkhana pamodzi zisanasamukire kumadera akumwera kwa US.Apa ndipamene amawonetsa machitidwe awo a avian.Mwina mwayendetsa gulu lalikulu la mbalame zakuda ndikudabwa momwe zimasinthira nthawi yomweyo.

M'mawa wina m'nyengo yophukira mapiko ofiira ambiri adagwera mu mapulo a shuga pabwalo langa.Ndinawayang'ana mwamantha akukhamukira kuchokera mumtengowo ndikudzitsanulira mu mapulo wina wamkulu wapafupi.Iwo adabwereza izi "avian hourglass" kangapo.

Ofufuza akhala akudabwa kwa nthawi yaitali za kayendedwe ka ziweto.M'zaka zaposachedwa apita patsogolo chifukwa cha kujambula kothamanga kwambiri, ma aligorivimu ndi kutengera makompyuta.Ojambula makanema agwiritsa ntchito njirazi powonetsa mayendedwe a nsomba ndi ziweto.

Mwachiwonekere, mbalame iliyonse imayang'anira oyandikana nawo asanu ndi limodzi - osawonjezeranso, osachepera - oyandikana nawo pafupi, ndikugwirizanitsa kayendedwe kake nawo.Zilibe kanthu kuti zitembenuka kangati kapena kudumphira kangati, zimasunga mtunda wofanana pakati pawo ndi mbalame zisanu ndi imodzi zoyandikana kwambiri.

Koma ndendende mmene mbalame zimakhalira kutali ndi gulu la nkhosa, kapena kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kusintha?M’mawu a Claudio Carere, katswiri wa za mbalame wa ku Italy yemwe anali wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi kuphunzira kakhalidwe ka nkhosa za nyenyezi ku Rome, “Njira yeniyeniyo imagwirira ntchito, palibe amene akudziwa.”Ndimakonda wofufuza woona mtima.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Monga momwe nsomba zambiri zimadziwira, mitengo ndi trout ndizogwirizana kwambiri.Osati m’lingaliro la banja, ndithudi.Osati monga momwe tomato ndi nsomba zinakwatirana mwachidule mu 1996 kuyesa ku Oakland, California-based DNA Plant Technology pofuna kupeza phwetekere wopirira chisanu (kapena mwina nsomba ya saucy).Pakadapanda kuphimba mitengo, mitundu ya nsomba za m’madzi ozizira sukanapulumuka m’mitsinje yambiri imene ikukhalamo.

Nkhalango zimatipatsa “ntchito zambiri za chilengedwe”.Ngakhale mawu amamveka ngati mutha kuyimbira Ecosystem Services mukamanga msasa ndikuyitanitsa vinyo kuhema wanu, mautumikiwa, kapena mphatso, zimachokera ku kukongola (kukongola kokongola) kupita ku wamba (mtengo wa dollar wa zokopa alendo).

Amaphatikizanso zinthu zofunika monga kupanga mpweya wa okosijeni, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya.Ntchito ina ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphepo yamkuntho.Chivundikiro cha nkhalango yowirira chimanyowetsa (titero kunena kwake) mphamvu yomwe mvula imagunda pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi achuluke pamtunda komanso kulowa pansi.Komanso, mthunzi wa denga umapangitsa kuti chipale chofewa chachisanu chisungunuke pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusefukira kwa madzi.

Nthaka ya m'nkhalango ndi yabwino kuyamwa ndi kusefa madzi amvula chifukwa mizu yamitengo imasunga duff layer.Mizu imathandizanso kukhazikika kwa mabanki amtsinje.

Kuchepetsa kuyenda kwamtunda kumalepheretsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso kulepheretsa kuti madzi asagwe, koma ubwino wake umaposa pamenepo.Pamene mvula yambiri ndi chipale chofewa zimakhala ngati madzi apansi, kusiyana ndi kuthamangira m'madzi a pamwamba, kumabweretsa kutentha kwa mitsinje.Denga lowundana limathandizanso kuti madzi azizizira nthawi yonse ya njira yake.

Izi zimapangitsa nsomba kukhala yosangalala chifukwa zimatha kupuma mosavuta.Mwa kufotokozera, aliyense amene watsegula chakumwa cha carbonated amadziwa kuti mpweya udzasungunuka mumadzimadzi.Botolo la seltzer lapafupi ndi kuzizira limatha kutsegulidwa bwino chifukwa madzi ozizira amakhala ndi mpweya wosungunuka bwino.Ikani botolo lomwelo pa dashboard padzuwa kwa ola limodzi, komabe, ndipo lidzapopera paliponse pamene mukung'amba pamwamba, chifukwa mpweya uli wofulumira kutuluka.

Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito kwa okosijeni wosungunuka m'mitsinje.Anthu ndi zamoyo zina zapamtunda zimakhala ndi mwayi woyendayenda m'malo odzaza mpweya: pafupifupi 21% yamlengalenga wapadziko lapansi amapangidwa ndi molekyulu yofunikayi.Bungwe la Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) limanena kuti opulumutsa ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera ngati malo ali pansi pa 19.5%.Anthu ena amafika 19% O2 ndipo imfa imapezeka pafupifupi 6% ya okosijeni.

Mpweya wapamwamba kwambiri wa mpweya wosungunuka (DO) m'madzi ndi 14.6 magawo pa milioni pa kutentha kwa 0.1 C kapena 32.2 F. Kuti tifotokoze izi, nsomba yabwino kwambiri yomwe ingayembekezere ndi 0.00146% mpweya m'madzi oipa-ozizira.Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zina zimafunikira DO 9 mpaka 10 ppm, koma zimatha kukhala ndi moyo pang'ono ngati 7 ppm m'madzi ozizira kuposa 10 C (50 F).Mazira a Trout amakhala othamanga kwambiri, kukhala ngati DO imatsika pansi pa 9 ppm ngakhale m'madzi ozizira.

Nkhalango zimangochita zambiri kuposa kungoletsa matope, komanso kuzizira, mitsinje ndi mitsinje.Amapereka nkhuni, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pamadzi abwino kuposa momwe zimamvekera.Ndipotu m’madera ena amene nkhalango zawonongeka kapena zodulidwa, eni malo amalipidwa kuti aike mitengo m’mitsinje kuti malo okhalamo akhale abwino.Mitengo yakugwa nthawi zina imatchinga njira yamadzi ndikusintha njira yake, zomwe zitha kukhala zovutitsa kwa zamoyo kwakanthawi komanso kokhazikika.Koma unyinji wa nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu zomwe zimathera m’mitsinje zimathandiza kupereka malo okhala nsomba, komanso zinthu zimene zimadya.Chotchinga pang'ono kapena chathunthu chimagwira ntchito ngati dziwe, kupanga malo ozama komanso ozizira.Zimathandiza kutsuka miyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mayfly ndi caddisfly nymphs (ana).

Aliyense amene ali ndi malo okwana maekala angapo kapena kupitirira apo atha kuthandiza kuteteza kapena kukonza thanzi lake mwa kupeza ndondomeko yosamalira nkhalango.Izi zitha kuchitika polemba ganyu munthu wodziwa nkhalango, kapena kudzera ku New York state department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC).

Kukolola matabwa kungakhale kogwirizana bwino ndi thanzi la nkhalango, bola ngati kuchitidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lanu la kasamalidwe, ndipo kumayang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wa nkhalango.M'malo mwake, kukolola matabwa kumapangitsanso kuti nsomba zikhale bwino, komanso zimapangitsa kuti eni malo azikhala ndi ndalama zambiri pakapita nthawi.Panthawi yonseyi, nkhalango zosamalidwa bwinozo zimatha kusamalira zinthu zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe zomwe timadalira.Kuchotseratu vinyo wa m'mbali mwa hema.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Chimodzi mwamawu ochepetsa zinyalala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera ndi mawu akuti “Chepetsani, Gwiritsirani ntchitonso, Bwezeraninso” mawu oti “Chepetsani, Gwiritsirani ntchito, Yambitsaninso”, yomwe imasonyeza dongosolo la kasungidwe ka zinthu: Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa poyambirira, koma mukakhala nazo, mukhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito. komanso agwiritsenso ntchito.Pamapeto pake, ndi bwino kuti abwezeretsedwenso kusiyana ndi kuponyedwa m'matope.

Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimagwera bwino muulamulirowu, komabe.Pokhala wozungulira, tayala lagalimoto liyenera kukhala positi-mwana wa lingaliro lakuti zomwe zimabwera mozungulira ziyenera kuzungulira nthawi zambiri momwe zingathere.Vuto limodzi nlakuti makasitomala amene amafunitsitsa kugwiritsiranso ntchito matayala a galimoto ndi magalimoto pafupifupi pafupifupi 300 miliyoni amene anthu a ku America amataya chaka chilichonse ndi udzudzu.Ndipo mfundo yakuti matayala olimba, olimba ndi amene amatanthauzira matayala abwino kumapangitsa kuwakonzanso kukhala kovuta kwambiri.

Poyambirira, zinadziwika kuti tayala lotayidwa linali famu ya udzudzu.Choncho m’masiku akale zinali zachilendo kupereka tayala lakufa ndi manda osazama n’kulitcha kuti lili bwino.Koma pafupipafupi, tayala lokwiriridwa ndi mpweya 75%, kotero ngati silili lakuya kwambiri limakhala labwino kwa banja la makoswe kapena mfumukazi ya jekete yachikasu kufunafuna nyumba yabwino yoyambira.

Pamene matayala amatumizidwa kumalo otayirako zinyalala, nkhani imodzi inali yakuti sakanatha kuphatikizika, motero anawononga malo ambiri.Komanso zidapezeka kuti adawuka kwa akufa, akudzazidwa ndi methane ndikugwedezeka kupita kumtunda.

Mu 2004, dipatimenti ya New York State of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) idalemba mndandanda wamalo otayira matayala m'boma, ndikuwulula malo 95 a matayala okwana 29 miliyoni.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, malo ambiri apezeka, koma kuchuluka kwa matayala akutsika pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kusintha kwa 2003 kwa Environmental Conservation Law yotchedwa Waste Tire Management and Recycling Act.Ili ndiye Lamulo lomwe limafuna kuti magalasi akulipiritseni chindapusa kuti muchotse matayala oyenera.

Chaka cha 1990 chisanafike, pafupifupi 25% yokha ya matayala otayidwa adasinthidwanso, koma masiku ano chiwerengerochi chakwera pafupifupi 80%, chomwe chili pansi pa 95% yomwe imapezeka ku Ulaya, komabe kusintha kwakukulu.Kuposa theka la matayala athu okonzedwanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta, makamaka ndi mafakitale monga zowukira simenti ndi mphero zachitsulo.Matayala amaphwanyidwanso kapena kuphwanyidwa, ndipo mphira wa crumb umawonjezeredwa ku phula kapena konkriti pomanga misewu, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu komanso kugwedezeka.Pazifukwa zofanana, mphira wophwanyidwa umasakanizidwa ndi dothi pansi pa mabwalo othamanga, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo ochitira masewera pansi pa swings ndi masewera kuti athandize kugwa.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, mphira wapansi wakhala akugulitsidwa ngati mulch njira kwa okonza malo ndi eni nyumba.Izi zinkawoneka ngati njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito matayala obwezeretsedwanso, koma ofufuza ena akukayikira nzeru za mulch wa rabara.Malinga ndi Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott, Pulofesa Wothandizira pa Puyallup Research and Extension Center ku Washington State University, poizoni wa mphira ndi wodetsa nkhaŵa, makamaka ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi mbewu zamasamba.

Dr. Chalker-Scott mu imodzi mwa mapepala ake omwe adasindikizidwa adanena kuti "Mbali ina ya poizoni wa leachate ya mphira ndi chifukwa cha mchere wake: aluminium, cadmium, chromium, mkuwa, chitsulo, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, sulfure. , ndi zinc…rabara imakhala ndi zinc wambiri - mpaka 2% ya kuchuluka kwa matayala.Mitundu ingapo ya zomera… yasonyezedwa kuti imaunjikana mlingo wochuluka wa zinki nthaŵi zina mpaka kufa.”

Pepalalo linanena kuti kuwonjezera pa zitsulo, mankhwala achilengedwe omwe “amakhala osasunthika kwambiri m’chilengedwe komanso oopsa kwambiri kwa zamoyo za m’madzi” amatuluka mulabala wophwanyika.Chalker-Scott akumaliza kuti:

"Zikuwonekeratu kuchokera m'mabuku asayansi kuti mphira sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusintha kwa malo kapena mulch.Palibe kukayikira kuti zinthu zapoizoni zimachokera ku mphira pamene ukuwonongeka, kuwononga nthaka, zomera zapamtunda, ndi madzi ogwirizana nawo.Ngakhale kukonzanso matayala otaya zinyalala ndi nkhani yofunika kuthana nayo, si njira yothetsera vutoli kutengera malo athu komanso madzi apamtunda. ”

Ndikafunsidwa kuti mulch wabwino kwambiri ndi chiyani, nthawi zambiri ndimalimbikitsa "zaulere."Mulch wa pulasitiki utha kukhala wothandiza kutsekereza udzu wolimba, ndipo chivundikiro chakale cha nkhokwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chaulere ngati mukudziwa mlimi wamkaka m'dera lanu.Koma pamene mphira umakumana ndi msewu, titero kunena kwake, zinthu zachilengedwe, zokhala ndi zomera zimakhala ndi mulch bwino.Amathandizira kusunga madzi ndi kupondereza udzu, komanso kukonza nthaka komanso kukulitsa dera la mycorrhizal (opindulitsa bowa).Amagwiranso ntchito ngati feteleza wosafulumira.Tchipisi ta nkhuni zowola, kompositi wokhwima, kapena udzu wovunda nthawi zambiri ukhoza kugulidwa pamtengo wochepa kapena osatengerapo kanthu.Malingana ngati simugwiritsa ntchito udzu pa udzu wanu, zodula udzu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera (zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri).

Kubwezeretsanso ndikwabwino, koma sungani matayala m'mundamo.Mungathandize kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha matayala akufa padziko lonse mwa kutembenuza nthaŵi zonse matayala a galimoto yanu ndi kuwasunga ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndi kulinganiza galimoto yanu monga momwe akunenera m’bukhu la eni ake.NYSDEC ili ndi zambiri zamatayala a zinyalala pa https://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8792.html

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Tsopano popeza kuti nyengo yayamba kutentha, titha kuyamikira ayezi pang'ono.Mwa zina, madzi oundana amathandiza kwambiri zakumwa za m'chilimwe, ndipo chivwende chozizira chimakhala bwino kuposa chofunda.Ndipo m’chigawo chino cha dziko lapansi, madzi oundana amatipatsanso madambo apadera a maluwa akuthengo.M'mphepete mwa mitsinje kum'mwera kwa Adirondacks, maluwa osowa kwambiri amtundu wa Arctic akuphuka tsopano m'magawo osalimba a udzu omwe amasamaliridwa bwino chaka chilichonse ndi madzi oundana ndi madzi osungunuka.

Malo otchedwa ice meadows ndi ochepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Amapezeka pafupifupi pafupi ndi matsinje a mitsinje yomwe imachokera kumapiri;ku New York State izi zikuphatikizapo St. Regis, Sacandaga, ndi Hudson Rivers.M’malo amenewa, madzi oundana amaunjikana m’mphepete mwa nyanja mpaka kuya kwapakati pa mamita atatu ndi asanu m’nyengo yozizira iliyonse.Mwachionekere, madzi oundana oterowo adzapanikiza zomera za m’mphepete mwa nyanja.Madzi oundanawa amatenganso nthawi yaitali kuti asungunuke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yachisanu ikhale yochepa kwambiri yokhala ndi dothi lozizira kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'malo oundana.

Pazifukwa zimenezi, komanso mfundo yakuti kusefukira kwa madzi kumapha mizu ya mitundu yambiri ya mitengo m'kati mwa masiku khumi, mitengo ya m'deralo siingathe kumera m'malo oundana.Mitundu yachikuto cha pansi yomwe imapulumuka ndikukula bwino kumeneko imazolowera nyengo zazifupi kwambiri.Malingana ndi SUNY College of Environmental Sciences ndi Forestry's New York Natural Heritage Programme, zomera khumi ndi zitatu zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri zimapezeka m'madambo a ayezi ku New York, ngakhale kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zimachitika pamalo aliwonse.

Chitumbuwa (Prunus pumila var. depressa), New England violet (Viola novae-angliae), auricled twayblade (Neottia auriculata), ndi spurred gentian (Halenia deflexa) ndi zina mwa zomera zomwe mlendo amatha kuziwona.Ineyo pandekha, ndikufuna kuwona pang'ono za chinthu chotchedwa many-headed sedge (Carex sychnocephala), koma pokhapokha ngati atatsagana ndi gulu la akatswiri a masewera a karati.Kuphatikiza pa zomera za boreal izi, maluwa ena akutchire monga tall cinquefoil ( Drymocallis arguta ), bastard toadflax ( Comandra umbellata ), ndi thimbleweed ( Anemone virginiana ) nthawi zambiri amawonjezera kuphulika kwa maluwa m'nyengo yachisanu.

Njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madzi oundana sizimamveka bwino.Nthawi zambiri anthu ankaganiza kuti madzi oundana oundana otchedwa frazil ndi amene ankayang'ana m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, koma kuyika kwa ayezi wa frazil sikunali kwachiwawa kapena kukakamiza.Frazil amapangidwa pamene chipwirikiti chimalowa mu mpweya wozizira kwambiri - nthawi zambiri pansi pa 16 F (-9 C) - m'madzi ozizira kwambiri.Izi zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati ndodo tomwe timapanga ayezi timene timalumikizana m'magulumagulu.Zikayandama pamwamba zimaoneka ngati matalala a chipale chofewa.

Chinthu chachilendo cha frazil poyerekeza ndi ayezi olimba ndi chakuti amatha kuyamwa pansi pa ayezi omwe amaphimba mtsinje wamtsinje ndi "kupachika" pa thanthwe, snag kapena zina.Izi zitha kupanga "damu lolendewera" m'madzi pansi pa ayezi lomwe limatha kukweza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi m'maola angapo.

Madzi oundana a Frazil amadziwika kuti nthawi zina amakhala m'mitsinje yambiri komanso mitsinje yayikulu ku NYS, koma amangochulukana kuti asinthe malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'malo ochepa.Maonekedwe a mtsinje, kusintha kwa kukwera, ndi kukula kwake ndi chikhalidwe cha madzi ake mwina zimakhudzanso chiyambi cha madzi oundana.

Evelyn Greene yemwe amakhala ku North Creek komanso katswiri wa zachilengedwe kwa moyo wake wonse watha maola ambiri akuyang'ana malo oundana, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.Adandiwuza kuti kusefukira kwamadzi, mphamvu yomwe idasema mitsinje monga Grand Canyon, ndiyomwe imayambitsa madambo oundana.Iye akuti nthawi zina madzi oundana amakankhidwira m’mphepete mwa mtsinje, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.Ananenanso kuti kukhala pansi pa madzi oyenda kupitirira mwezi umodzi pachaka kumatulutsa pafupifupi nayitrogeni yonse yomwe imapezeka mu dothi la madzi oundana.Popeza dera la zomera ndilofala ku dothi lopyapyala, lopanda michere, la acidic pamalo okwera, ndinganene kuti chitsimikiziro.Greene ananenanso kuti malo oundana asintha m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ndipo kusungunuka kwakukulu m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala kofala.

Chitsanzo chabwino cha malo oundana a Adirondack Park atha kupezeka kudzera ku Warren County's Hudson River Recreation Area pa Gofu Course Road, pafupifupi ma 1.4 miles (2.25 km) kumpoto kwa NYSDEC's Region 5 Warrensburg Suboffice.Kuchokera pamalo oimika magalimoto a Recreation Area mutha kukwera kupita kumalo oundana m'mphindi zochepa.New York Natural Heritage Programme inandandalika “kupondedwa ndi alendo” monga chiwopsezo ku madambo oundana, choncho chonde khalani m’tinjira tambiri, ndipo mukakhala m’mphepete mwa nyanja, musaponde zomera zilizonse.Malo ena oundana amatha kupezeka ku Silver Lake Wilderness ndi Hudson Gorge Primitive Areas ku Hamilton County.

M'dera lomwe limakhala ndi nyengo yachisanu yaitali, zimakhala zotsitsimula kusangalala ndi mapiri a ayezi, kapena zotsatira zake, mu manja aafupi.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ndili wachinyamata, mwana wanga wamwamuna anali ndi mwambi, kaya wobwerekedwa kapena wobwerekedwa, sindikudziwa (mwambiwu, womwe ndi), womwe umapita motere: “Zinthu zonse moyenerera.Makamaka modekha. "Zikuwoneka kuti Amayi Nature adatengera izi mu mtima, ndikusiya mvula yochepa komanso chipale chofewa chimasungunuka masika.Ngati si iye, ndiye kuti mwina anali Creepy Uncle Climate Change.Mulimonsemo, kusefukira kwa madziko kwakhala kokhumudwitsa kuwona.

Ngakhale kuti ndimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzunzika kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi madzi okwera kwambiri, monga wosamalira mitengo yamitengo sindingathe kuganiziranso za mitengo yomwe ikuvutika.

Madzi osefukira amakhudza mitengo m'njira zambiri, imodzi mwazomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, monga ngati zinthu zolowa m'madzi oyenda zimakwapula pamitengo yamitengo.Kuvulala kotereku ndi kodziwikiratu, komanso sikozolowereka ndipo sikukhala kowopsa kwambiri.Chomwe chimawononga kwambiri mitengo ndikusowa kwa oxygen m'nthaka yodzaza madzi.

Ma pores a dothi ndi omwe amalola mpweya kuti ufike pang'onopang'ono mizu yamitengo.Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mizu yamitengo ili yozama kwambiri: 90% pamwamba pa 25 centimita (10 mainchesi) ndi 98% pamwamba 46 cm (18 mu).Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwonjezera kudzaza kuti mukweze kalasi pamizu ya mtengo kumayambitsa kupsinjika, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutsika kwa mtengo kuyambira zaka 2-5 pambuyo pake.Mitundu yochepa kwambiri yamitengo imasinthidwa kuti ikhale yotsika kwambiri ya okosijeni.

Ambiri aife tawonapo zithunzi za semi-tropical baldcypress ikukula mosangalala m'madambo.Baldcypress asintha zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa pneumatophores zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuyendetsa mpweya ku mizu yawo kuti asafooke.Koma mitengo yathu ilibe masinthidwe otero, ndipo siyimatha kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya madzi osefukira kumadalira zinthu zambiri, monga nthawi ya chaka.M'nyengo yopuma, dothi limakhala lozizira, ndipo kupuma kwa mizu kumachepa kwambiri.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mizu imatha kutaya oxygen kwa nthawi yayitali.Kuopsa kwa kusefukira kwa madzi kumadaliranso thanzi la mtengo chisanachitike.

Mtundu wa dothi umapangitsa kusiyana.Ngati malo ali amchenga, amakhetsa msanga madzi akaphwera, poyerekeza ndi dothi lolemera.Mchenga nawonso mwachibadwa umalola mpweya kulowa mosavuta.Mitengo pa dothi kapena dothi la silt idzakhala yopanikizika kwambiri.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mizu ili pansi pa madzi ndiyofunikanso.Masiku awiri kapena atatu sangawononge mosayenera, koma ngati kupitirira kwa sabata kapena kuposerapo, mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo idzavulala kwambiri.Mwa zina, kulekerera kusefukira kumadalira chibadwa - zamoyo zina zimatha kupulumuka pakusefukira bwino kuposa zina.

Pakachitika kusefukira kwa madzi kwa sabata imodzi kapena kuposerapo, mitengo ngati mapulo ofiira (Acer rubrum) ndi mapulo asiliva (A. saccharinum) imayenda bwino kuposa mapulo a shuga (A. saccharum), mwachitsanzo.Mtsinje wa mtsinje (Betula nigra) udzavutika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mapepala a birch (B. papyrifera).Pin oak (Quercus palustris) imatha kuthana ndi zinthu zodzaza bwino kuposa oak wofiira (Q. rubra).Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) ndi mtengo wina womwe ungathe kusunga madzi ake.Black tupelo, yomwe imatchedwanso chakuda kapena chowawasa chingamu (Nyssa sylvatica) imakhala bwino ndi mizu yoviikidwa m'madzi kwa milungu ingapo.Misondodzi (Salix spp.), American larch (Larix laricina), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), ndi kumpoto catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) ndi mitengo ina yopirira kusefukira kwa madzi.

Zitsamba zomwe zimatha kupirira madzi okwera zimaphatikizapo American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata), chokeberry (Aronia spp.), highbush cranberry (Vburnum trilobum), ndi mitundu ya shrub-dogwood (Cornus spp.).

Komabe, hickories (Carya spp.), dzombe lakuda (Robinia pseudoacacia), linden (Tilia spp.), mtedza wakuda (Juglans nigra), eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis), Colorado spruce (Picea pungens), komanso mitengo yonse ya zipatso. , amatha kuvulazidwa ngati azunguliridwa ndi madzi kwa mlungu umodzi.

Zizindikiro za kusefukira kwa madzi zikuphatikizapo chlorotic, wilting, undersize, kapena curling masamba, sparse korona, oyambirira kugwa mtundu (poyerekeza ndi ena a mitundu yake), ndi nthambi-nsonga dieback.Malingana ndi zinthu zonse zomwe takambiranazi, zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika nyengo yoyamba, kapena zingatenge zaka zingapo kuti ziwonekere.

Zinthu zikauma pang'ono, anthu ambiri omwe akhudzidwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi m'chaka chino adzakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zovuta kwambiri.Ikafika nthawi yoganizira za mitengoyo, njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri imene munthu angaithandizire ndiyo kupewa kuwononganso.Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika.Osaimika, kuyendetsa galimoto, kapena zida za siteji mkati mwa midzi, yomwe ndi kutalika kwa nthambi kuwirikiza kawiri.Ukamizidwa m'madzi, tsinde la mtengo limakhala pachiwopsezo ngakhale kuchita zinthu zing'onozing'ono, zomwe m'mikhalidwe yotere zimatha kuwononga dothi komanso kupanikizika kwamitengo mokulirapo.

Mutha kulemba ganyu ISA Certified Arborist kuti aunikire mtengowo, komanso kuti azitha kutulutsa mizu yake kudzera m'nthaka ya pneumatic, vertical mulching, kapena mankhwala ena.Kuti mupeze Certified Arborist pafupi nanu, pitani ku https://www.treesaregood.org/findanarborist/findanarborist

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.Iye wakhala ISA Certified Arborist kuyambira 1996, ndipo ndi membala wa ISA-Ontario, Canadian Society of Environmental Biologists, Canadian Institute of Forestry, ndi Society of American Foresters.

Sikuti nthawi zambiri munthu amamva za kufalikira kwa uthenga wabwino.Ndikufuna kukumana ndi nkhani yokhudza mtengo watsopano wandalama womwe watsala pang'ono kufalikira m'derali.N'zoona kuti zingapangitse ndalama zakunja, koma tikhoza kupanga mtendere ndi mkhalidwe umenewo, ndikulingalira.

Kuwukira kwamitengo yandalama sikutheka, koma madera ena posachedwapa adzadzaza ndi unyinji wa tizilombo tomwe timakonzekera kudya ntchentche zakuda, udzudzu ndi ntchentche za agwape.A dragonflies ndi damselflies, tizilombo todya nyama mu dongosolo la Odonata, kuyambira zaka zoposa 300 miliyoni.Tizilombo tambiri tiwiri timathandiza chifukwa timadya zonyansa zambiri.Mwa mitundu pafupifupi 6,000 ya Odonata padziko lapansi, pafupifupi 200 yadziwika kudera lathu lapansi.Ndauzidwa kuti ndi mwayi ngati wina agwera pa inu, koma mwayi ndi wakuti amawopsya tizilombo toluma.

Chakumapeto kwa masika nthawi zambiri ndimayimba foni imodzi ndikufunsa ngati ndi NY State, Cornell, kapena akuluakulu aboma a Federal omwe adataya zimbalangondo zonse ku North Country.A dragonflies ndi damselflies amakhala ndi moyo wachilendo womwe umapangitsa kuti ziziwoneka ngati kuti wina wawamasula mwaunyinji.

Anamwali ndi ankhandwe amaikira mazira m'madzi kapena pa zomera pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitsinje kapena maiwe.Ana aang'ono, otchedwa nymphs, ali ngati zilombo ndipo amafanana pang'ono ndi makolo awo.Mutha kudziwa momwe ma chopper awo amawonekera ngati muwonera kanema wa Alien.Mukakulitsa, mumatha kuwona nsagwada zoyambirira za chinjoka ndi damselflies zitatseguka kuti ziwonetse sekondi imodzi ndipo mwa zamoyo zina, ngakhale gawo lachitatu, lamagulu opindika ngati nsagwada.Zomwe zasowa ndi Sigourney Weaver.

Ntchentche, ntchentche zamphamvu, zimatha kukhala zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuwoneka ngati mbalame poyang'ana koyamba.Pakupuma, mapiko awo amatambasula, ndipo mzere wokwera pa chipika umafanana ndi ndege zimene zikuimirira panjira ya taxi.Mapiko awiri akutsogolo a tombolombo ndi aatali kuposa nswala yake, yomwe ndi njira imodzi yowadziwira ma damselflies.

Ma Damselflies ndi owonda kwambiri kuposa ankhandwe, ndipo mofanana ndi anamwali, amapinda mapiko awo ndi matupi awo pamene akupuma.Ndipo ngakhale kuti zinjoka zambiri n’zamitundumitundu, anamwali amazikongoletsa kwambiri ndi “mikanjo” yonyezimira komanso yonyezimira.Ma Damselflies nthawi zina amatchedwa darning singano, ndipo ngakhale mabuku asayansi amandandalika mayina ngati "variable dancer" ndi mayina ena ofotokozera.

Mbalame zamphongo ndi dragon nymphs zimatha pakati pa chaka chimodzi ndi zitatu pansi pamadzi kumene zimawombera mphutsi zofewa zokhala ngati ntchentche za agwape ndi ntchentche za akavalo zobisala m'matope.Amadyanso mphutsi za 'skeeter pafupi ndi pamwamba, zomwe zimakula chaka chilichonse.Malingana ndi mitundu, nymph nymph imatha kutalika ngati m'lifupi mwa dzanja lanu.Nymphs sizimabereka, koma zikakula zimakwawa kuchokera m'madzi, kumangirira “zikhadabo” zawo kapena zikhadabo zawo pamtengo kapena padoko la ngalawa, ndikutsegula chikopa chawo chapakati pa misana yawo.

Kuposa filimu iliyonse ya sci-fi, chinjoka chokongola kapena namwali amatuluka pakhungu lake lalikulu.Pambuyo poumitsa mapiko ake atsopano padzuwa kwakanthawi, makina opha awa amawulukira kuti akadye tizirombo, komanso kukakumana m'njira yolondola komanso yovuta.Mwamwayi, a dragonfly ndi damselfly anthu sakhala pachiwopsezo, ngakhale timapha zambiri tikamayendetsa kumidzi m'chilimwe.

N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuti mbozi yonenepa, yamizeremizere imadzisokera yokha m'chinsalu chagolide, n'kusungunuka kukhala msuzi wobiriwira, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri imatuluka ngati gulugufe.Komabe, ntchentche zimasintha pakangopita maola ochepa kuchoka pa cholengedwa chokhala m'madzi chokhala ndi mphuno n'kukhala ngati ndege yothamanga kwambiri.Zili ngati kukhala ndi muskellunge kumasula zipi ya khungu lake ndi kutuluka ngati osprey.

Chifukwa zimayamba chifukwa cha kutentha, kusinthika koopsa kumeneku kumachitika ku mtundu uliwonse wa tombolombo kapena mtundu wa damselfly nthawi imodzi.Ali ndi zaka zingapo, amatuluka pasanathe tsiku limodzi kapena aŵiri a ausinkhu wawo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zasanduka thupi.Kapena anagwetsedwa monga gulu mundege.Ndikudziwa zowona kuti palibe gulu kapena bungwe la boma lomwe limatulutsa zimbalangondo.Koma ngati wina amva mphekesera kuti mitengo yandalama zachilendo ikumasulidwa, chonde ndilemberani.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ena osamukira kudziko lina akupitirizabe kuzunzidwa, ngakhale atatha kudziwa chiyambi chawo kwa Azungu oyambirira omwe anafika ku kontinenti ino.Dandelion osakhala mbadwa samapeza ulemu womwe umayenera kukhala wolowa m'dziko latsopano, kapena ngati chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokhala ndi mavitamini, kapena ngati mankhwala azitsamba azitsamba.

Pa mfundo yomalizirayi, dandelion imalemekezedwa kwambiri moti inapeza dzina lachilatini lakuti Taraxicum officinale, lomwe kwenikweni limatanthauza “mankhwala ovomerezeka a matenda.”Pali zambiri zabwino zomwe zanenedwa paumoyo wa dandelion, kuphatikiza ngati chithandizo cha chiwindi ndikuchepetsa miyala ya impso ndi chikhodzodzo, komanso kunja ngati mankhwala opaka zithupsa pakhungu.Sindimadzinamizira kuti ndikudziwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kamankhwala kamankhwala katsamba kameneka, ndipo ndimalimbikitsa kwambiri kukaonana ndi dokotala wabwino wa zitsamba, komanso wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala, musanayese kudzichiritsa nokha.

Izi zati, University of Maryland Medical Center yapereka tsamba lonse ku dandelion, ndi maphunziro ambiri owunikiridwa ndi anzawo omwe atchulidwa.Ndinamvapo kale kuti dandelion imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda a shuga, ndipo U of M Medical Center imatsimikizira izi:

Osati zoipa kwa udzu.Mutha kugula mizu ya dandelion yowuma ndi yodulidwa mochulukira kapena mawonekedwe a kapisozi m'masitolo ambiri azaumoyo, kapena mutha kuyipeza kwaulere kuseri kwa nyumba yanu, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a udzu.

Dzina lodziwika bwino la Dandelion limachokera ku liwu lachifalansa loti "dent de lion," kapena dzino la mkango, kutanthauza kuti masamba ake amakhala olimba.Masamba amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, komabe, pambali pa manejala awo achikasu, si dandelion iliyonse yomwe ili ngati leonid monga yotsatira.Dandelion moniker inanso ndi Chifalansa: "pis en lit," kapena "nyowetsani bedi," chifukwa muzu wowuma ndi okodzetsa kwambiri.Zinanso pambuyo pake.

Zothandiza kwenikweni ndi korona wa dandelion.Chifukwa chimene amachitira maluwa mofulumira kwambiri n'chakuti ali ndi timagulu tamaluwa tomwe timakhazikika pakati pa mizu ya korona, pomwe maluwa ena ambiri amaphuka akamakula.Mukadula masamba, tengani mpeni ndikuchotsa akoronawo, omwe amatha kutenthedwa ndikutumizidwa ndi batala.

Chifukwa cha zabwino zonse za dandelions, ndizodabwitsa momwe chikhalidwe chathu chimayika kuti chizithetseratu.Zikuwoneka kuti zatsala pang'ono kutengeka ndi anthu ena, omwe amathira udzu wawo ndi mankhwala osankha herbicides.Zonsezi zimabwera ndi zoopsa zaumoyo, osatchulanso ma tag okwera mtengo.

Kwa iwo omwe mwina amatengera kulumikizana konse kwa mkango patali kwambiri ndipo sangathe kugona usiku ngati pali ma dandelions obisalira pamalopo, ndigawana chinsinsi chowatulutsa m'malo.Kukhazikitsa mower kuti adulidwe pamtunda wa mainchesi anayi sikungochotsa udzu wambiri, kumathandiza kupewa matenda, ndipo kudzachepetsa kwambiri kufunikira kwa feteleza.

Ndikunena kuti timasiya kuyesa kupha mkango wokhawokha waku North America womwe suli pachiwopsezo cha kutha, ndikuphunzira kuuyamikira ndikuugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Palibe amene akufuna kuti auzidwe kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana, koma mitengo yambiri m'chilimwe, makamaka mapulo, ikuyang'ana pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kuvala chifukwa cha mikhalidwe kumayambiriro kwa nyengo."Leaf tatter" ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza masamba omwe amatha kung'ambika ndikuwoneka ngati pabedi, opotoka, nthawi zina amakhala ndi mawanga akuda kapena madera.Zitha kuwoneka ngati matenda kapena tizilombo todabwitsa tikuwononga mtengo.

Mitengo ikatseguka ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono amayamba kuphuka, amatha kuonongeka ndi zochitika zingapo.Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimachititsa kuti masamba aphwanyike ndi chisanu chochedwa chomwe chimangozizira kwambiri moti chimakwirira m'mphepete mwa masamba a mwanayo, koma osapha chinthu chonsecho.Ikatsegula njira yonse ndikuuma, pamakhala ting'onoting'ono kapena mabowo m'mizere yomwe tsambalo lidapindidwa.Nthawi zina tsamba silingatseguke mokwanira, ndipo limatha kukhalabe ndi chikhomo.

Mlandu wina ndi pamene timapeza zochitika za mphepo yamphamvu pamene masamba ang'onoang'ono akufalikira.Malingana ndi mphamvu ya mphepo, kuphulika kwa thupi kumeneku kungapangitse masamba omwe amamenyedwa pang'ono, kwa omwe amaphwanyidwa kotheratu.Nthawi zambiri kuwonongeka kumeneku sikowoneka bwino kapena kofanana poyerekeza ndi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chisanu.

Palibe amene ayenera kukumbutsidwa kuti chaka chino adalemba zolemba zonse za mvula yonse komanso masiku otsatizana a mvula.Zotsatira zake, m'mphepete mwa masamba ophwanyika "ophwanyidwa" amakhala odzaza madzi.Nthawi zambiri, masamba sanyowa ndi madzi chifukwa cha sera yachilengedwe yomwe ili pamwamba ndi pansi pamasamba onse.Koma m’mbali zong’ambika mulibe chotchinga choterocho.Chinyezi chinalowa mkati, minyewa yonyowayo inafa, ndipo mafangasi omwe amawola mwamwayi anayamba kuswa malo omwe anamwalira.Kuonjezera chipongwe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa peyala thrips titha kukhala ndi masamba owonongeka (iwo sali enieni a mapeyala).

Chinanso chomwe chikuwonjezera mitundu yosalamulirika yamitengo chaka chino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu.Pankhani ya mapulo, awa ali ngati "ma helikoputala," njere zamapiko zomwe zimatchedwa samaras.Ngakhale kuti nyengoyi ili yonyowa kwambiri, 2018 inali yowuma kwambiri.Zamtengo zomera kudziwa chiwerengero cha maluwa, choncho mbewu, izo zipanga aliyense kupatsidwa masika m'mbuyomu chilimwe.Ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino, zidzakhazikitsa maluwa ocheperako chaka chamawa.Moyo ukakhala wovuta, ukhoza kukhala wochepa kapena usakhalepo.

Komabe, ngati zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri moti moyo wa mtengowo uli pachiswe, umatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zambiri zosungirako kuti upange maluwa ochuluka kwambiri.Kuyankha kodabwitsa kumeneku kukuwoneka ngati njira yosinthira kusungitsa zamoyo ngakhale zitapha mtengo wa makolowo.Mbeu zambiri, zomwe zambiri zimasanduka zofiirira zikauma ndikukonzekera kugwa, zimapangitsa kuti mapu awoneke ngati "nyengo".

Pankhani yofota masamba, Cornell’s Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic inati: “Ngakhale kuti maonekedwe ake ndi oopsa, nthawi zambiri mtengowo suwononga mtengowo… pokhapokha ngati utabwerezedwa zaka zingapo motsatizana kapena vuto linalake likufooketsa mtengowo.”

Pali china chake chotchedwa anthracnose, chomwe sichigwirizana ndi anthrax, ndipo sichili choipa monga momwe chimamvekera.Anthracnose imayamba chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi m'zaka zamvula kwambiri, ndipo imakhudza mitengo ndi zitsamba zambiri zophukira, makamaka zomwe zafooka kale.Anthracnose imayambitsa kufa kapena necrotic madera omangidwa ndi mitsempha yayikulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsogolera kugwa kwamasamba koyambirira.Mwachidule angatenge ndi kuwononga masamba, ndi mmene matenda overwinters.

Apo ayi, khalani omasuka ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi mtengo wodwala kwambiri.Ndikungokhala ndi chaka chovuta kwambiri.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Amphaka aŵiri a pa malo anga apirira zowopsa zoika moyo pachiswe monga kugwa, ndewu, ndi “kudzipereka” kokakamizika kwa ana aang’ono.Ndizodabwitsa zoopsa zomwe angapulumuke.Zachisoni, omwe ndimalumikizana nawo pachipatala cha Chowona Zanyama akupitiliza kunena kuti amphaka amakhala ndi moyo umodzi, ndikuti zonse zamoyo zisanu ndi zinayi ndi nthano chabe.

Komabe, nkhani ya mphalapala yokhala ndi moyo osachepera asanu ndi anayi ilibe nthabwala.Chomera choyenera cha madambo, cattail wamba (Typha latifolia) chimachokera ku America komanso ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia ambiri - makamaka dziko lapansi kupatula Australia, zilumba zonse za Pacific ndi madera ambiri a Polar.Itha kupezeka ikukula m'mphepete mwa madambo ndi kulowa m'madzi mpaka mainchesi 30 kuya, kuchokera kumadera otentha kupita ku Yukon Territory ku Canada.

Dzina lake limachokera kumutu wotuwa wa bulauni womwe umatulutsa, womwe umafanana kwambiri ndi galu wa chimanga kuposa mchira wa nyani.Koma pofuna kupewa kugwa kwapadziko lonse kwa kuseka kosalekeza, komwe kungachedwetse chuma cha dziko kwa mphindi zingapo, Banki Yadziko Lonse inakakamiza akatswiri a zomera kuti atchule mbewuyi m’malo mwa galu wa chimanga.

Kutchulidwa moyenerera kapena ayi, cattail ndi zodabwitsa m'chilengedwe.Monga munthu amene amakonda kudya chakudya choposa katatu patsiku, ndizomveka kuti ndidadziwana ndi ma cattails pogwiritsa ntchito zophikira.Mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa Cossack katsitsumzukwa, ndizokoma zaiwisi kapena zophikidwa, koma sankhani kuziphika ngati simukutsimikiza za kuyera kwamadzi.

Mizu yokhuthala kapena ngati tuber mizu imakhala pafupifupi 80% ya ma carbohydrates ndipo pakati pa 3% ndi 8% ya mapuloteni, omwe ndi mawonekedwe abwino kuposa mbewu zina zolimidwa.Rhizomes akhoza kuphikidwa, kuwiritsa, kapena kuumitsa ndi kupukuta kukhala ufa.

M'buku lake la Stalking the Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons amafotokoza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mizu ndi madzi kuti atenge wowuma, zomwe ndinganene kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino.Wowuma, wonyowa kapena wothira ufa, amawonjezedwa ku ufa kuti awonjezere kufunikira kwazakudya monga mabisiketi ndi zikondamoyo.

Zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri ndi spikes zamaluwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi timizere iwiri zokhala ndi nsonga zazimuna kapena zokhala ndi mungu pamwamba, ndi mitu yachikazi kapena pistillate yotalikirapo pansipa.Duwa lachimuna limafota akataya mungu, koma nthiti zazikazi zimakhwima kukhala agalu a chimanga - ndikutanthauza michira ya amphaka - tonse timazindikira.Ma spikes onsewa ndi odyedwa, koma amayenera kusonkhanitsidwa pomwe amatuluka m'mapepala awo.Wiritsani ndi kudya ndi batala monga momwe mungachitire chimanga pa chisononkho.Amalawa ngati nkhuku.Kuseka.Amafanana ndi chimanga.

M'dzinja mukhoza kusonkhanitsa michira ndikuwotcha thonje kuti mukolole mbewu zodyedwa, zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.(Kuvomereza: chifukwa cha Ulesi Wanga Wosadziwika Sindinayesebe izi.)

Kwa zaka zambiri, ine ndi mwana wanga wamkazi timayenda (osati dzina lake lenileni) chakumapeto kwa June ndikusonkhanitsa mungu wachikasu wonyezimira.Ingolowetsani thumba la pulasitiki pamutu wa duwa, gwedezani kangapo ndipo mwamaliza.Ekala imodzi ya mphalapala imatha kutulutsa mungu woposa matani atatu, ndipo pa 6-7% ya mapuloteni, ndiye ufa wochuluka wopatsa thanzi.Lowetsani mungu wa cattail mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a ufa mu njira iliyonse.Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri, koma yesani pang'ono musanatumikire ena (malangizo ochokera kwa ana anga).

Chabwino, ndiye ndi chiyani, miyoyo isanu?Euell Gibbons adatcha cattail sitolo yayikulu ya madambo, ndipo samaseka.Mutha kupeza zolemba masauzande ambiri ndi mapepala ofufuza pakugwiritsa ntchito ma cattails.Mwaukadaulo izi sizingatifikitse ku miyoyo isanu ndi inayi, ndiye tiyeni titchule mayina ena.

M'madera onse a cattail, Amwenye kwa zaka zikwi zambiri akhala akuluka masamba a kamba ndi mapesi a maluwa mu udzu wa denga, mphasa zogona, zokometsera abakha, zipewa, zidole ndi zoseweretsa za ana ena, kungotchula ntchito zochepa chabe.Masamba atsopano ndi mizu ankasindidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera zithupsa.Cattail fluff idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira matewera, zotchingira moccasin komanso zopaka mabala.

Masiku ano, madambo a cattail amapangidwa ndi mainjiniya opangira madzi otayira, ndipo amisiri amapanga mapepala kuchokera kumasamba a cattail.Ana amasangalalabe kusewera ndi masamba, makamaka michira ya amphaka okhwima.Pano pali miyoyo yambiri ya cattail.

Mwinanso ena olimbikitsa pazama TV atha kuyambitsa kampeni yotcha chomera chodabwitsachi ngati mchira wa chimanga.Dziko likhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuseka kwabwino pakali pano.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Mukaganizira za izi, mitengo yamitengo imakhala ndi moyo wovuta Wokhazikika pamalo amodzi tsiku ndi tsiku, chaka ndi chaka, amavutika ndi - chabwino, kunyong'onyeka, ndikulingalira.Angafunike kulimbana ndi kuthirira kothandiza ndi agalu akumalo, kuyezetsa zida ndi ana amphamvu, kapena nkhani monga mizu yocheperako, kupsinjika kwachilala, mpikisano waudzu, kutentha kwapanjira ndi nyumba, kuyika mchere m'nthaka. wa chinthu.

Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala mliri wa zivomezi zomwe zikuwopseza thanzi la mitengo yathu yomwe timakonda yamithunzi: mapiri ophulika.Ndiko kulondola, pazaka khumi mpaka makumi awiri zapitazi takhala ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri a mulch-volcano.Zikuoneka kuti zimaphulika m'munsi mwa mitengo yokongola, makamaka yaing'ono, ndipo zotsatira zake sizokongola.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka ndi zomera akhala akugwira ntchito mwakhama poyesa kufotokoza za chochitikachi.Komabe, mpaka mankhwala atapezeka, anthu akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziyang'anira mapiri ophulika m'dera lawo.Chonde yang'anani kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwambiri kuzungulira tsinde la mitengo.Mapiri a mulch amatha kuphuka usiku wonse, makamaka pazinthu zamalonda ndi zamagulu.

Kuyika mulch mozungulira thunthu la mtengo kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga thanzi.Kwa mtengo, kungomveka bwino.Nkhani imodzi ndi yakuti tizirombo ndi nkhuku.Mofanana ndi owononga zinthu ndi oyenda pa intaneti, amawopa kuchita ntchito zawo zonyansa ngati akuganiza kuti wina angawawone.Ayi, amakonda mdima komanso chinyezi, monga mlengalenga pansi pa mulu wa mulch, kapena ngati ma troll, m'chipinda chapansi cha Amayi.Anthu odula nkhuni ndi kafadala amakonda phiri la mulch chifukwa limawathandiza kuti azitha kufika pa tsinde la mtengowo.

Ndani sakonda makoswe wokongola?Chabwino, ena a ife mwina sititero.Mitengo simakondanso makoswe.Mbewa, dambo ndi ma pine voles onse amasangalala ndi kukoma kwa khungwa la mtengo.Vuto ndilakuti kudya khungwa kumawatengera nthawi yayitali, pomwe amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha adani.Koma pansi pa phiri la mulch, chakudya chamasana chimakhalapo.

Mizu yamitengo imafunikira mpweya.Izi zitha kuwoneka zomveka - ndithudi amatero, ndipo amapeza mpweya kudzera m'mitsempha yawo, chabwino?Chabwino, ayi.Mitengo imakhala ndi ma vascular system ndipo imapanganso oxygen kudzera mu photosynthesis, koma ilibe kanthu kena kofanana ndi hemoglobin yonyamula mpweya kupita ku ziwalo zawo zonse.Zikuoneka kuti mizu imapeza mpweya wawo m'nthaka.Chilichonse chomwe chimalepheretsa kulowa pamwamba chidzatsekereza mizu.Ndipo mitengo siili bwino pogwira mpweya kuposa momwe ife tiriri.

Vuto lina ndi kuzolowera.Kumlingo waukulu, mitengo "imadzikongoletsa yokha."Izi zikutanthauza kuti amazolowera ndikuyankha kusintha kwa chilengedwe chawo.Koma mapiri ophulika a mulch ndi wrench mu makina.

Mitengo yamitengo ikakwiriridwa ndi mulch volcano, yomwe imalepheretsa mpweya ku mizu yake yachilengedwe, mitengo imayamba kupanga mizu yosinthika (yokonzekera) kuti ibwezere.Tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono timaphuka kuchokera ku thunthu poyankha kuphwanyidwa ndi tchipisi tamatabwa.Komabe, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi phiri la mulch lidzasweka ndi kutha, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, mizu yantheteyo imauma ndi kufa, zomwe zimaumiriza mtengowo.

Pomaliza, pali nkhani ya madzi.Mitengo yobzalidwa ingafunike madzi owonjezera kwa zaka zingapo.Lamulo ndi chaka chimodzi cha kuthirira kowonjezera pa inchi iliyonse ya mainchesi a thunthu.Mapiri a mulch amakhala ngati denga laudzu, akukhetsa madzi bwino kwambiri.Kwa mtengo wokhwima umene suli vuto lalikulu, koma mtengo waung'ono ukhoza kukhala ndi zonse kapena pafupifupi mizu yake pansi pa phiri la mulch, (osati) labwino ndi louma.

Kusunga mulch mainchesi awiri kapena anayi mozungulira mtengo - kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika kwa nthambi yake ndikoyenera - ndikopindulitsa, bola ngati mulch SAKUKHUDZA thunthu.Chonde thandizirani kuthetsa mapiri a mulch m'moyo wanu!Simudzawotcha ngakhale phazi lanu.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Nthawi ndi nthawi ndimamva madandaulo okhudza asayansi omwe amati amawononga ndalama za okhometsa msonkho.Zitsanzo za kafukufuku woonongeka ndi monga momwe utitiri wa chipale chofewa umachitira zogonana, ndi chifukwa chake chingwe chimangirirana mosavuta.Ku UK, gulu lonse la asayansi anayesa kupeza chifukwa chimene chimanga flakes amalowa mu mkaka.Kafukufuku wina wopeza ndalama zambiri wasonyeza kuti mbale zimagwedezeka zikaponyedwa pa malo odyera, komanso kuti udzudzu wina umakonda fungo la tchizi la Limburger.Kunena zoona, kukangana kumapita, ndikokwanira kudwalitsa munthu.

Kunena za izo, zitsanzo zenizeni za moyo zimenezi zikumveka zopusa, chotero nkwachibadwa kuti anthu ena angayankhe mokwiya ndi malipoti oterowo.Koma nthawi zambiri zinthu sizikhala momwe zimawonekera poyang'ana koyamba.Tikayang'anitsitsa, sayansi yamtunduwu imadzitsimikizira yokha.

Ntchentche za chipale chofewa kapena ma springtails ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono ta Collembola.Akugwira ntchito chaka chonse, amawonekera mosavuta pamwamba pa chipale chofewa pa tsiku lachisanu lachisanu.Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zamoyo samavomerezabe mmene tingagaŵire utitiri m’magulu, koma kuphunzira za tinthu ting’onoting’ono timeneti kwatipatsa njira yowongolerera kusintha kwa ziwalo zina.Ntchentche za chipale chofewa zimapanga mapuloteni apadera a glycine omwe amalepheretsa ayezi kupanga mkati mwa maselo awo ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri.Ziwalo zopatsirana zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngati puloteniyi imalola kuti izisungidwa pamalo oziziritsa bwino popanda kuwonongeka.

Mamolekyu ngati zingwe monga DNA amasokonekera, nthawi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti selo liwerenge molakwika ndikubwerezanso.Izi zingayambitse mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo khansa.Maselo ena asintha mankhwala amene amamasula “zingwe” zosokonekerazi.Ofufuza, omwe adayamba pophunzira za zingwe zenizeni ndi kuphulika kwa zingwe, tsopano akupanga mankhwala oletsa khansa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochotsa mankhwala.

Kafukufuku wa 2006 wosonyeza kuti udzudzu wotulutsa malungo unali ndi feti ya Limburger poyamba ankanyozedwa.Koma posachedwapa, kudziŵa zimenezi kunachititsa kuti misampha ya udzudzu ikhale yowonjezereka m’madera ena a mu Afirika, zimene zathandiza polimbana ndi malungo.

Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku America Richard Feynman analandira Mphotho ya Nobel ya 1965 ya physics chifukwa cha mbale zowuluka.Kwenikweni iye ananena kuti kuona mbale zikuponyedwa pa malo odyera akuyunivesite zinampangitsa kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziŵa mmene ankagwedezekera.Zotsatira zake, izi zimagwirizana ndi kupota ndi kugwedezeka kwa ma elekitironi, ndipo zinathandizira kupititsa patsogolo gawo la quantum electrodynamics, ngakhale m'njira zomwe sindingathe kuzizindikira.

Kudziwa kwanga, asayansi aku Britain akuyesera kuti adziwe zinsinsi za mushy cereal sanapeze zosangalatsa zilizonse.Koma iwo anali osiyana.Iwo amathandizidwa mwachinsinsi ndi wopanga phala wotchuka.

Ndikuganiza kuti mfundo yake ndi yakuti tilibe njira yodziwiratu ngati phunzirolo ndi laling’ono kapena lofunika.Tikatengera mbiri yakale, sipangakhale nkhani yaing'ono.

Kotero nthawi ina tidzamva za kafukufuku wa nthano ya poker, kapena momwe mbalame zimatha kuzindikira ndi wojambula wotchuka yemwe adapanga chojambula choperekedwa (chochitika chenichenicho, mwa njira), kapena masamu kuseri kwa chinsalu chozungulira, tiyenera kuletsa kuseka kwathu.Moyo umene umawongoleredwa kapena kupulumutsidwa ndi sayansi “yopusa” yotere ukhoza kukhala wathu, kapena wa wokondedwa.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Sikuti nthawi zambiri munthu amamva za kufalikira kwa uthenga wabwino.Ndikufuna kuwerenga nkhani pamtengo wandalama womwe ukufalikira m'derali.N'zoona kuti zingapangitse ndalama zakunja, koma tikhoza kupanga mtendere ndi mkhalidwe umenewo, ndikulingalira.

Kuwukira kwamitengo yandalama sikutheka, koma madera ena posachedwapa adzadzaza ndi unyinji wa tizilombo tomwe timakonzekera kudya ntchentche zakuda, udzudzu ndi ntchentche za agwape.A dragonflies ndi damselflies, tizilombo todya nyama mu dongosolo la Odonata, kuyambira zaka zoposa 300 miliyoni.Mitundu yonse iwiri ya tizilombo ndi yopindulitsa chifukwa imadya ntchentche zakuda zambiri, ntchentche zamphongo, udzudzu ndi zina zonyansa.Mwa mitundu pafupifupi 6,000 ya Odonata padziko lapansi, pafupifupi 200 yadziwika kudera lathu lapansi.Ndauzidwa kuti ndi mwayi ngati wina agwera pa inu, koma mwayi ndi woti amathamangitsa tizilombo toluma.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yaitali chonchi, tonsefe tiri oyamikira kuti masika atuluka, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa nyengo yofunda ukuoneka kukhala kubwera kwa tizilombo toluma.Ziphuphu za udzudzu zimatha kusokoneza chisangalalo kuyambira madzulo pa sitimayo, koma nkhupakupa imodzi yakuda kapena yamphongo (Ixodes scapularis) ikhoza kuwunikira m'chilimwe chonse ngati ikupatsirani matenda a Lyme ndi / kapena matenda ena aakulu.

Posachedwapa zaka khumi zapitazo kumpoto kwa NY State zinali zachilendo kupeza nkhupakupa imodzi yokha patatha tsiku lalitali panja.Tsopano zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuyika phazi mu burashi kuti mutengere gulu lonse pamiyendo ya mathalauza.Kafukufuku wapeza kuti nkhupakupa za mbawala sizinakhalepo m'mbiri yakale, ngakhale zocheperako, koma zidachoka ku Mid-Atlantic m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi.Mosakayikira ndi mitundu yowononga kumpoto kwa NYS.

Nkhupakupa yaposachedwa kwambiri pachidacho, koma mosakayikira ndi mtundu wamitundu yowononga.Wobadwira ku Korea, Japan, kum'maŵa kwa China, ndi mayiko angapo a zilumba za Pacific, amadziwika kuti chitsamba cha ku Asia kapena nkhupakupa (Haemaphysalis longicornis).Imatchedwanso kuti nkhupakupa za nyanga zazitali za ku Asia, zomwe ndi zosokoneza chifukwa tili kale ndi kachikumbu kakang'ono ka ku Asia.Kuphatikiza apo, nkhupakupa yachitsamba ilibe zowonjezera zamtundu uliwonse.

M'malo mwake ndi chachifupi pazinthu zilizonse zosiyanitsa.Monga Jody Gangloff-Kaufman wa IPM Programme ya NY akulemba, “Nkhupakupa zazitali zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, makamaka akadali achichepere.Akuluakulu ndi abulauni koma amafanana ndi nkhupakupa za agalu abulauni.”NYSPIM imanenanso kuti ma ID a tick-ID angapezeke pa: http://www.neregionalvectorcenter.com/ticks

Nkhupakupa zakutchire zaku Asia zidapezeka koyamba kuthengo ku North America mu 2017 ku New Jersey, komwe ku New Jersey, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi nkhupapa wathu wokondedwa.Kuyambira pamenepo yafalikira ku mayiko ena asanu ndi atatu, kuphatikiza NY.Kuthekera kwawo kubereka kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodetsa nkhawa zamtundu wamtunduwu.Onsewo ndi akazi a parthenogenic (asexual), kutanthauza kuti amachotsa mazira 1,000 - 2,000 aliyense popanda kuvutitsidwa ndi kukwatiwa.

Columbia News inanena za chitsanzo chabwino cha kubereka kwa nkhupakupa mu Disembala watha: Pamene nkhupakupa zakutchire zaku Asia zidatsimikiziridwa koyamba pa Staten Island mu 2017, kafukufuku adapeza kachulukidwe kawo m'mapaki a anthu onse anali 85 pa lalikulu mita imodzi.Mu 2018, mapaki omwewo anali ndi 1,529 pa lalikulu mita.

Chodetsa nkhawa china ndi chakuti kaya ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a anthu ndi nyama.Kumalo ake, nkhupakupa imadziwika kuti imafalitsa matenda ambiri monga Lyme, malungo owoneka, Erlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, kachilombo ka Powassan, kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a encephalitis, komanso kutentha thupi kwambiri ndi matenda a thrombocytopenia, ofanana ndi Ebola.Ngakhale izi ndizowopsa, ofufuza sanapeze nkhupakupa zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka ku North America.

Akatswiri sagwirizana pa za kuthekera kwa nkhupakupa zakutchire kufalitsa matenda.Dr. John Aucott, yemwe amatsogolera bungwe la Lyme Disease Research Center ku Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, wanena kuti sitiyenera kuchulukitsa kuti chifukwa nkhupakupa zimanyamula matenda oopsa m'nyumba zawo, anthu kuno ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda omwewo.Komabe, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa bungwe la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dr. Ben Beard, anagwidwa mawu patsamba la CDC motere: “Zokhudza thanzi la nkhupakupa sizikudziwika. .M’madera ena a dziko lapansi, nkhupakupa za nyanga zazitali za ku Asia zimatha kupatsira mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tofala ku United States.Tili ndi nkhawa kuti nkhupakupa, yomwe ingayambitse nyama zambiri, anthu, ndi chilengedwe, ikufalikira ku United States. "

Pakali pano nkhupakupa imangopezeka ku Downstate NY, koma imawonedwa ngati yozizira kwambiri ndipo ikupita kwathu.Ngakhale nkhupakupa zimangoyenda mamita angapo m'moyo wonse, zimakwera mbalame zomwe zimasamuka.Kafukufuku wokhudza kukula kwa nkhupakupa za nswala motsogozedwa ndi Katie M. Clow wa payunivesite ya Guelph ku Ontario adatsimikiza kuti akuyenda kumpoto pamtunda wa makilomita 46 (28.5 miles) pachaka, mothandizidwa ndi mbalame.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuchita mantha, ngakhale omasuka kutero ngati mukufuna.Kupewa nkhupakupa kumachitidwanso momwe timapewa nkhupakupa.Popeza nkhupakupa zimafuna nsonga za udzu wautali kapena burashi, zomwe zikudikirira kuti ziwonekere pa chinthu china chomwe chadutsa, oyenda m'mapiri ayenera kumamatira kunjira zodziwika bwino, osatsata njira za gwape.Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi 20-30% DEET pakhungu lowonekera.Zovala, nsapato ndi zida monga mahema amatha kuthandizidwa ndi 0.5% permetrin.Muzisamalira ziweto pafupipafupi ndi mankhwala odana ndi nkhupakupa komanso/kapena nkhupakupa kolala kuti zisabweretse nkhupakupa kunyumba.Lankhulani ndi vet wanu za katemera wanu wa Lyme (zachisoni palibe katemera wa munthu pakali pano).

Yang'anani nkhupakupa madzulo aliwonse mutasamba.Nkhupakupa ngati malo ovuta kuwona monga m'khwapa, groin, scalp, sock hems, ndi kumbuyo kwa mawondo, choncho yang'anani mosamala m'maderawa.Ngati muwona kuti nkhupakupa yakhazikika pa inu, kuchotsa mwachangu ndikofunikira.CDC ikukulangizani kuti muyigwire pafupi ndi khungu momwe mungathere ndi ma tweezers ndikukokera molunjika mpaka itatulutsa.Mungafunike kukoka mwamphamvu ngati yakhala ikudyetsa kwakanthawi.Nkhupakupa pakamwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakhungu pambuyo pochotsa nkhupakupa;ili si vuto.Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira kunyumba kuti nkhupakupa itulutse, chifukwa imapangitsa kuti ibwerere mwa inu, ndikuwonjezera mwayi woti mutha kudwala.

Eni nyumba angathe kudzithandiza okha.Webusaiti ya CDC imati: “Kusunga mtunda wa mapazi 9 pakati pa udzu ndi malo okhala ndi mitengo kungachepetse chiopsezo cha nkhupakupa.Zovala zokhala ndi Permethrin ndi DEET, picaridin, kapena IR3535 zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzitetezera.Tsatirani malangizo onse a zilembo.Funsani veterinarian wanu kuti akupatseni malingaliro okhudzana ndi vuto lanu komanso nyama zanu. ”

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Popeza kuti Dziko la Kumpoto lidakhala loyera kapena lofiirira kuyambira pakati pa Novembala mpaka sabata yoyamba mu Epulo, ndizachilengedwe kuti tili ndi njala kuwona mawonekedwe obiriwira.Choncho n’zosalungama makamaka kuti madera ena amakhala ndi mthunzi wobiriwira kwambiri.Emerald kukhala chimodzimodzi.

Pambuyo caterwauling kwa zaka zingapo kuti thambo kuti kugwa, ine potsiriza watsimikiziridwa.Iyi ndi nkhani imodzi yomwe sindikukondwera kunena zolondola, komabe.Zochitika zakuthambo ndizakuti kachikumbu kakang'ono kamene kamaoneka ngati chipolopolo ku Asia kamene kali ndi utoto wobiriwira wachitsulo wokhala ndi zowala zamkuwa, wafika mochuluka.

M'miyezi iwiri yapitayi, odzipereka a nzika apeza zowonongeka zambiri za EAB m'mphepete mwa Seaway kuchokera kum'mwera kwa St. Lawrence County pafupi ndi malire a Jefferson County kum'mawa kwa Franklin County.Dera la Massena lili ndi anthu olemera kwambiri komanso ofala kwambiri a EAB.Panthawiyi, emerald ash borer yapezeka pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera ku Seaway.

Choyamba chopezeka pafupi ndi Detroit mu 2002, EAB idafalikira mwachangu kumadera onse a Upper Midwest ndi Great Lakes ku US, komanso kumwera kwa Ontario ku Canada.Zikuwoneka kuti adabwera mwaulere m'mabokosi a zida zotsika mtengo za China, ngati mphotho ya Crackerjack yosafunikira.Zikumbu zazikulu sizivulaza pang'ono, koma ana awo (mphutsi) amadya cambium, minofu yamoyo pakati pa khungwa lamkati ndi nkhuni, yamitengo ya phulusa, kumangirira ndi kupha.Popeza EAB amapha phulusa lenileni lokha, phulusa lamapiri ndilotetezeka.

Kumwamba mwina sikugwa kwenikweni, koma posachedwa, mitengo yambiri yaphulusa igwera Padziko Lapansi.Imodzi mwamavuto akulu ndi infestation ndikuti EAB ikapha phulusa, nkhuni zimataya mphamvu mwachangu kuposa ngati mtengowo unaphedwa ndi chifukwa china.M'miyezi 12 mpaka 18, mtengo wophedwa ndi EAB umachepetsa kasanu mphamvu zometa ubweya.Mitengo yotereyi imazuka popanda mphepo kapena chipwirikiti china, zomwe zingabweretse ngozi zambiri kuposa zomwe timazolowera.

Mitundu itatu yonse ya phulusa lachilengedwe - yoyera, yobiriwira ndi yakuda - ili pachiwopsezo chofanana ndi EAB.Zachisoni, tidzataya mitengo yathu yonse ya phulusa.Gawo laling'ono kwambiri la phulusa likuwoneka kuti lili ndi kukana kwa EAB, kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti afe, koma palibe amene ali ndi chitetezo.“Phulusa losatha” limeneli ndi lochititsa chidwi kwa akatswiri ofufuza za majini.Kupanda kutero, phulusa lokhalo lomwe lingapulumuke ndi lomwe limatetezedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kwa anthu okhala pamtunda wa makilomita 15 kuchokera ku Seaway omwe akufuna kuteteza mitengo ya phulusa, nthawi yoti achitepo kanthu ndi ino.Musanaganize zosamalira mitengo yanu, ndikofunikira kuti Certified Arborist ayiunike.Mitengo ina imakhala ndi zovuta zobisika zomwe zingachepetse moyo wawo, ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa.Phulusa lokhalo labwino, lathanzi liyenera kuthandizidwa, komanso njira yabwino yodziwira kuti ndi ulendo wa Arborist Wotsimikizika.Pezani pafupi nanu pa isa-arbor.com

Mankhwala ogwira mtima kwambiri amaperekedwa kwa omwe ali ndi chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Zogulitsa zina ndi zabwino kwa zaka zingapo;amabayidwa mu thunthu kapena kupopera pa thunthu lapansi.Mankhwala okhawo omwe amapezeka kwa eni nyumba ndi dothi la imidacloprid, lomwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masika.Komabe, ngati mtengowo uli pafupi ndi madzi, kapena ngati nyumbayo ili pachitsime, njira imeneyi iyenera kupeŵedwa.Mutha kusaka wofunsira yemwe ali ndi chilolezo ndi County dec.ny.gov/nyspad/find?

Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2016, St. Lawrence County EAB Task Force ndi gulu lodzipereka lomwe lili ndi nkhalango, olima mitengo, akuluakulu a m'magawo a County, Town ndi Village, aphunzitsi, ogwira ntchito zothandizira, ndi nzika zokhudzidwa.Ngati mungafune nthumwi yochokera ku EAB Task Force kuti alankhule gulu lanu, kalabu kapena gulu lanu, chonde lemberani a John Tenbusch pa [imelo yotetezedwa]

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za emerald ash borer, onani emeraldashborer.info kapena funsani ofesi yanu ya Cornell Cooperative Extension.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Pafupifupi 42 peresenti ya mapuloteni, ali ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo m'madera ambiri a dziko lapansi amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza.M'dera lathu pali zokometsera zisanu zosiyanasiyana za udzu, zomwe kwenikweni ndi ana a kachilomboka.Mphutsi zoyera zooneka ngati C zimatha kukhala tiana ta kachikumbu ka ku Japan, kachikumbu ka ku Europe, mtundu wa rose chafer, kachikumbu wa ku Oriental, kapena kachikumbu wa ku Asia.Sindinadyepo magrubs, koma amauzidwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri akaphikidwa, msuzi wotentha amathandiza, koma nthawi yake ndi yofunika.

Ngati kupha, m'malo modya, ma grubs a udzu ndiye cholinga chanu, nthawi ndi chilichonse.Kusankha nthawi zambiri ndi chinthu chabwino, koma mtundu uliwonse wa grub wakupha pa alumali umakhala ndi chosakaniza chosiyana.Zina zimafunika kuvala pakati pa mwezi wa May, pamene zina zimangogwira ntchito mu June ndi July.Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ma grub pa nthawi yolakwika ndikuwononga ndalama ndi khama, ndipo malingana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, akhoza kuika ana, ziweto ndi nyama zakutchire pangozi.

Ndisanatulutse vuto limeneli, ndikufuna kunena zinthu zingapo zokhudza masamba a udzu (amtundu wa non-Whitman), omwe ndi ma solar panel omwe amapanga chakudya kuchokera kudzuwa.Zabwino kwambiri kuganiza motere.Ngati dzuŵa limakhala laling'ono kwambiri chifukwa timalimeta mpaka kutha, chomera chonsecho chimafa ndi njala ndipo sichikhoza kukhala ndi mizu yolimba, kulimbana ndi matenda, kapena kupikisana ndi namsongole.Udzu wosaya, wokhala ndi mizu yofooka umakhala pachiwopsezo chowonongeka ndi zinyalala.

Ndikudabwa ngati chizolowezi chathu chotseka ndikutchetcha chimachokera ku masamba obiriwira a gofu.Malinga ndi golfcourseindustry.com, mu 2015 zidawononga $4.25–$6.00 pa sikweya phazi kuti zikwaniritse miyezo ya USGA kuti nthaka ikhale yobiriwira.Ndiwo mtedza - ndalama zosamalira pachaka zimafika makumi masauzande pa zobiriwira.Maphunziro a gofu amatha kukhala ochepa chifukwa udzu umakhala wokhazikika pazakudya.

Udzu wathu sungathe kuoneka ngati wawo, koma ngati tilola udzu waukulu mokwanira “ma solar panel”, udzawoneka bwino, udzakhala ndi matenda ochepa, umafuna fetereza wocheperako, umakhala wotsika mtengo, ndipo umakhala wosasunthika.Ndikuzindikira kuti izi ndi zambiri zoti ndikulonjeza, koma ikani makina anu otchetcha mainchesi anayi, ndikupatseni chaka.Zochita zina monga ma mowers akuthwa ndikusiya zodulira pa kapinga zingathandizenso.O, ndi zosavuta pa laimu.Udzu wambiri umakhala ndi pH ya nthaka yokwera kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito laimu mobwerezabwereza.

Bwererani ku mutu wathu wokoma.Kuwongolera ma grubs kumagwira ntchito bwino akakhala ang'onoang'ono, pakati pa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.Ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu zimasamukira kumtunda pafupi ndi masika kukadyetsa pang'ono, kenako zimamera.Thandizo la "maola 24" lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilimwe limayambira 20% mpaka 55% ogwira ntchito pamagulu okhwimawa, malinga ndi Michigan State Extension.Zomwe zimatchedwa "maola 24" ndizoopsa kwambiri, ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti ziweto ndi ana asapite kumalo ochiritsidwa.

"Zodzitetezera zomwe zili ndi imidacloprid, thiamethoxam kapena clothianidin zidzachepetsa nthawi zonse 75-100 peresenti ya grubs ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito mu June kapena July ndipo imathiriridwa ndi 0.5-1 inchi ya ulimi wothirira mwamsanga mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito," kubwereza kuchokera ku webusaiti ya Michigan State.Ma neonicotinoidswa sakhala owopsa kwambiri kwa nyama zoyamwitsa, koma amatha kuvulaza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chake musasamalire madera omwe ali pafupi ndi maluwa.Zenera la ntchito kwa iwo ndi June mpaka July.

Ngakhale kuti dzina lake lalitali, chlorantraniliprole imawonedwa ngati yopanda poizoni kwa nyama ndi njuchi.Nsomba ndikuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zigwire ntchito, chifukwa chake zinthu zomwe zili ndi izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, ndipo pasanathe kumapeto kwa Juni.

Milky-spore ndi matenda odabwitsa, pokhapokha ngati muli grub.Tsoka ilo, ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti dothi la kumpoto kwa NYS silotentha mokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti biocontrol yopanda poizoni iyi igwire ntchito.Komabe, ma nematode opindulitsa, omwe ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tadothi tomwe timalimbana ndi mitundu yambiri ya grub, ndi othandiza kwambiri.Komanso ndi otetezeka ndipo samalimbana ndi zamoyo zina.Nematodes opindulitsa ndi osalimba, ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito atangofika.Atha kuyitanidwa pa intaneti, kapena funsani ku dimba kwanuko.

Kupatulapo mankhwala opangidwa ndi chlorantraniliprole, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a grub kumapeto kwa masika ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.Choyenera kuchita ndi kubzalanso madontho opanda kanthu tsopano, ndikutchetcha kuti udzu ukhale wolimba.Kapena mutha kusakaniza batter, kuyatsa chokazinga chakuya ndikudya chakudya chamadzulo kuchokera pa kapinga.Musaiwale za msuzi wotentha.

CHODZIWA CHOYAMBA CHOTI TIZIDZIWA: Khama lililonse lapangidwa kuti lipereke malangizo olondola, athunthu komanso amakono.Komabe, kusintha kwa malamulo a mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumachitika kawirikawiri ndipo zolakwa za anthu zimakhala zotheka.Malingaliro awa salowa m'malo mwa kulemba zilembo za mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Chonde werengani chizindikirocho musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo tsatirani malangizowo ndendende.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Pafupifupi olemba mbiri onse amavomereza kuti Marie Antoinette mwina sanapangepo mawu akuti "Asiyeni adye keke," mawu omwe kale anali mu chikhalidwe chodziwika nthawi yake isanafike.Mawuwa ananenedwa ndi adani ake kuti alimbikitse mbiri yake monga wolemekezeka komanso wodzikuza.Akadawoneka wachifundo kwambiri akanati "Asiyeni adye makungwa a mitengo."

Kuchokera kumidzi yakutali kupita ku malo odyera akutawuni a nyenyezi zisanu, anthu padziko lonse lapansi amadya zakudya zamitundumitundu zokhala ndi matabwa opangidwa kale.Ngakhale izi siziri momwe zimawonekera pa menyu.Bowa monga inky cap, oyster ndi shiitake amakonda kwambiri nkhuni, zomwe zimadya zamoyo zochepa chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kugaya.Aliyense amene anayesa kudya matabwa angatsimikizire zimenezo.

Mitengo imapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose komanso kuchuluka kwa lignin.Kuphatikizika komalizaku ndikupangira cellulose zomwe chitsulo cholimbikitsira ndodo ndi konkriti.Pali zochepa kwambiri koma zimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kupirira.Ngakhale mabakiteriya omwe amadya nkhuni m’matumbo a chiswe sangagayike.Ndi bowa wokhawokha amene ali ndi mphamvu zoposa zimenezo.

Pali magulu atatu a nkhuni zowola: zowola zofewa, zowola za bulauni ndi zowola zoyera.M'mawu asayansi ma coteries awa sakhala ogwirizana ngakhale ali ndi dzina lomaliza.Mwachiwonekere kwa bowa, "kuwola" kuli ngati "Smith" wathu pankhaniyi.

Bowa zowola ndizofala kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana mumitengo ya phwetekere ndi mpanda.Zamatabwa, osachepera.Zowola za bulauni sizofala kwambiri.Nthawi zina mumawona ntchito zake zamanja.Bowawu umapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe otsekeka, osasintha matabwa kukhala njerwa zazing'ono, zofiirira.Ngakhale kuti zowola za bulauni zimafuna chinyezi kuti zigwire ntchito yake yonyansa, nthawi zina zimatchedwa dry rot chifukwa zimauma mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonekera ngati zili choncho.Bowa wowola ndi bulauni amadya ma cellulose okha, amadya mozungulira ngati kamwana kamene kamapewa nyemba za Lima kubisala pakati pa chakudya chokoma pa mbale yawo.

Komano bowa wowola woyera, amakhala m’gulu la kalabu, ndipo amagaya chigawo chilichonse cha nkhuni.Mtundu uwu wa bowa ukhoza kuwononga kwambiri mitengo yamitengo yolimba, ngakhale kuti mitundu ingapo imalimbana ndi ma conifers.Anthu am'nkhalango amadana nazo, koma okonda zakudya amakonda.Ndilo gulu lomwe limatipatsa Armillaria mellea, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timapanga bowa wokoma wa uchi.

Bowa wa Shiitake ndi oyster ndi bowa wowola woyera, ngakhale ndi saprophyte, wofanana ndi osakaza ngati mimbulu, osati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Choncho sitiyenera kudziimba mlandu tikamadya.M'chigawochi, ulimi wa shiitake wakula kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi.Ndi gwero la ndalama zowonjezera kwa alimi komanso gwero lachisangalalo ndi chakudya chabwino kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuyesa.

Shiitake amakonda thundu, beech, mapulo ndi ironwood, mochulukirapo kapena mocheperapo.Kuti kulima shiitake, mabawuti (zipika) zopangidwa ndi imodzi mwa mitengo yolimbayi ndi yofunika.Maboti nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi mamita anayi m'litali ndipo amachokera ku mainchesi atatu mpaka asanu ndi atatu m'mimba mwake.Mitengo yotereyi imakhala ndi bowa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi pa inchi imodzi.Mabowo angapo amabowoledwa m'zipikazo, ndipo amadzazidwa ndi "mbewu" ya bowa yotchedwa spawn.

Pofika Seputembala 2015, boma la NY lazindikira kuti "bowa wa m'nkhalango omwe amasamalidwa mwachangu" ngati mbewu yoyenera komanso yofunika kwambiri.Izi zimathandiza alimi kusankha malo omwe amalima bowa ngati ulimi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenerera kulandira msonkho.Zikomo kwa Senator Patty Ritchie pothandizira izi kuti zichitike.Komabe, lamulo la 2015 silifikira bowa wokololedwa kuthengo.

Yunivesite ya Cornell yachita khama polimbikitsa ulimi wa bowa ngati njira yopezera ndalama kwa anthu akumidzi.Pakafukufuku wazaka zitatu womwe udamalizidwa mu 2012, Cornell ndi mabungwe omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku adatsimikiza kuti alimi atha kupanga phindu pazaka ziwiri zokha.Iwo adapeza kuti famu ya shiitake yokhala ndi zipika 500 imatha kupeza $9,000 pachaka.

Katswiri wa ulimi wa bowa ku Cornell, Steve Gabriel, ananena kuti kuweta bowa wobzalidwa m’zipiko n’kothandiza komanso sikuteteza chilengedwe, kuwonjezera pa kupeza ndalama.Mutha kupeza zambiri zambiri patsamba la Pulofesa Gabriel amayang'anira: www.cornellmushrooms.org

Mwamwayi, Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County ikuchititsanso msonkhano wachigawo wa shiitake chaka chino pa Extension Learning Farm ku Canton.Ophunzira atha kusankha limodzi mwa masiku awiri: Loweruka pa Epulo 6, kapena Loweruka pa Epulo 13, 2019 kuyambira 9:00 AM mpaka 1:00 PM.

Aliyense atenga chipika chake cha bowa wa shiitake ataukonza ndikuuthira.chipikacho chidzapitiriza kubereka bowa kwa zaka 3 mpaka 4.Kulembetsa kumachitika pa intaneti kudzera pa webusayiti ya CCE: www.st.lawrence.cornell.edu.Mutha kuyimbiranso ofesi pa (315) 379-9192.Kukula kwa kalasi ndikochepa, choncho lembetsani msanga.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Masiku akatalikitsa komanso kutentha kumakwera, ndizofala kupeza tizilombo tochepa tikugudubuza mnyumba, kufunafuna njira yakunja.Nsikidzi za red-and-black boxelder, orange lady-kumbukumbu, ndi nsikidzi zotuwa, zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono kumadzulo ndi otsutsa ochepa omwe amatha kufunafuna malo otetezedwa, opanda lendi m'dzinja ndikuyiwala komwe amatuluka. zafika masika.Mwamwayi, izi ndi zopanda vuto komanso zopanda nzeru, ndipo siziberekera m'nyumba kapena kuyika moyo pachiswe.

Kutentha kungathenso kutulutsa nyerere zaukalipentala pamitengo.Zimenezi ndi chizindikiro chakuti munthu amafunikira mmisiri wa matabwa, kapena kuti mwina wopala denga, chifukwa nyerere za akalipentala zimafuna matabwa onyowa, owonongeka kuti ayambe kupanga chisa.Ngakhale kuti siziwononga nyumba monga mmene chiswe zimachitira, palibe amene amafuna kuti ziziyenda pansi.Tsoka ilo, tizirombo tambiri timene timakonda kwambiri timagwira chaka chonse, mwachitsanzo mphemvu ndi nsikidzi.Kaya ndi ndani, tizirombo ta m'nyumba titha kukwawa pamakoma posachedwa.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukulitsa vutolo musanachitepo kanthu.Nkwachibadwa kufuna zotulukapo zanthaŵi yomweyo, koma kulephera koipitsitsa kwa zimene zimatchedwa “nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala ozunguza bongo” kuyenera kutithandiza kutichenjeza kuti kungomenya nyundo pazizindikiro kumatichititsa kutopa ndi kusweka, ndipo kumasiya vutolo mofanana kapena loipa kuposa kale.Machenjerero a "mantha ndi mantha" nthawi zonse adzakhala opanda mphamvu pokhapokha titasintha chilengedwe chomwe chinayambitsa vutoli.Zina mwa zida zodziwika bwino zothana ndi tizirombo, mwachitsanzo ma foggers akunyumba (TRFs) kapena "mabomba a bug," atsimikiziridwa kuti ndi opanda pake, pomwe njira zochepetsera monga nyambo zolunjika ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Dongosolo loyamba la bizinesi ndikuzindikira tizilombo.Ma centipedes, millipedes, cluster flyes, ndi daddy-longlegs nawonso salandiridwa kunyumba, koma amafunikira kuwongolera kosiyana kwambiri.Ofesi yanu yaku Cornell Cooperative Extension ikhoza kukuthandizani kuzindikira kachilombo ngati mutumiza zithunzi zomveka bwino.Chotsatira ndikufunsa wolowererayo zomwe akuchita mnyumba mwanu.Chimodzi mwazinthu za ID ndikuphunzira zomwe chinthuchi chimagwira ntchito, chifukwa chake chili m'malo mwanu, komanso momwe chinafikira kumeneko.

Mwachitsanzo, nsikidzi za Boxelder zimakhala pa mapulo sap, ndi overwinter ngati akuluakulu pansi pa makungwa a mtengo kapena, mwatsoka, vinyl kapena matabwa.M'nyengo yamasika safuna china chilichonse koma kuchoka m'malo mwanu kuti akapeze bokosi kapena mitundu ina ya mapulo kuti akwerepo ndikuikira mazira.Palibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo a m'nyumba omwe angawalamulire pamene akutuluka m'malo obisalamo pakatha milungu ingapo.Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi poizoni wa minyewa, ndipo ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono aphatikizidwa pakukulitsa ADHD, kukhumudwa, ndi zovuta zina zamalingaliro.Zogulitsazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zili zomveka kutero.

Njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a ku Asia, ntchentche zamagulu ndi nsikidzi zina zofunafuna pogona sizowoneka bwino kapena zowopsa, ndipo chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa.Kuyika pamtengo wabwino, zitini zingapo zotchinjiriza, ndipo mwina chophimba china chatsopano chingathe kuchiza matenda otere kwa zaka zambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, mabanja ambiri amachira zomwe zimawononga nthawi yozizira yoyamba pakusunga mafuta.

Ma millipedes, nyerere za akalipentala ndi nsikidzi zimalowa mnyumba motsatira chinyezi.Adzabweranso mobwerezabwereza pokhapokha ngati nkhani za madzi zitayankhidwa.Kuchiza nyerere zopala matabwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kungapereke chikhutiro chowona nyerere zambiri zakufa mawa lake, koma fakitale ya nyerere (ie mfumukazi) imabala ana kwa nyengo yonseyo, kumafuna kuwaika kangapo.Nyambo yopanda poizoni komanso yotsika mtengo yopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa boric acid ndi madzi a shuga zidzafafaniza mfumukaziyi, koma zimatenga milungu ingapo.Tiyenera kusankha pakati pa kugwedezeka kopanda ntchito ndi mantha, ndi kuchita mwachete.

M'nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa pa Januware 28, 2019 mu nyuzipepala ya BMC Public Health, ofufuza aku North Carolina State University adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mphemvu zaku Germany mnyumba 30 sizinasinthe patatha mwezi umodzi "kuphulitsa" mobwerezabwereza ndi zipolopolo zotulutsa.Koma kuchuluka kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumbazo zidakwera pafupifupi nthawi 603 poyambira.M'nyumba zomwe nyambo za gel zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito, komabe, mphemvu idatsika ndi 90%, ndipo zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'malo okhala zidatsika.Wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake Zachary C. DeVries ananena kuti: “Kuopsa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhudzana ndi TRF pamodzi ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwawo polimbana ndi mphemvu za ku Germany zikukayikitsa kuti n’zothandiza kwambiri pa msika.”

Kuwombera kapena kuphulitsa tizilombo tomwe timawona m'nyumba kumatha kukhala kosangalatsa, koma ndi masewera owopsa komanso okwera mtengo omwe sangakonze zomwe zikutisokoneza.Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kuwononga tizirombo zomwe zili zomveka, pitani pa webusayiti ya NYS Integrated Pest Management pa https://nysipm.cornell.edu/whats-bugging-you/ kapena funsani ofesi yanu ya Cornell Cooperative Extension.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ziweto zazikuluzikulu za pint zinali zothandiza, kalekale.Mlenje yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito nkhandwe kuthamangitsa nyama amatha kubweretsa kunyumba nyama yankhumba yocheperako poyerekeza ndi yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe potsata.Zikuoneka kuti agalu ang'onoang'ono osaka agalu omwe amakwerana ndi fumbi ndizomwe zinayambitsa Shih Tzus ndi agalu ena ang'onoang'ono, omwe mwachisoni sakufunidwanso kwambiri tsopano chifukwa Roombas akhoza kugwira ntchito yomweyo pamtengo wotsika mtengo.Zaka zingapo mmbuyomo kunali chibwano cha “teacup mini-pig”, koma tinazitaya pamene zinapezeka kuti zinali ana a nkhumba wamba amene posachedwapa anadzakula kuposa makapu a tiyi, zidebe, ndi mabafa.Tsopano zikuwoneka kuti ma imogee omwe ali ndi maso akutayidwa pa agalu a teacup, omwe safuna china choposa choteteza m'thumba ngati khola, magalamu ochepa a chakudya pachaka, komanso ngongole yachiwiri yolipira ndalama zogulira vet.

Ngakhale akutsutsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, akalonga olemera ndi mafuta ndi ena ochepa pazifukwa za moyo akuyendetsabe kufunikira kwa agalu ang'onoang'ono ngati zida zamafashoni.Monga a Wendy Higgins, Mtsogoleri wa EU Communications ku Humane Society International akunena kuti, "Si zachibadwa kuti agalu akhale ang'onoang'ono, choncho nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi mafupa osalimba komanso kulephera kwa ziwalo.Ngati mumasamala za agalu, chinthu choipa kwambiri chimene mungachite ndicho kugula kagalu ka teacup.”Koma ngati chidwi cha ziweto zosakhalitsa chikupitilirabe, ndikudziwa china chomwe chingachepetse malire.Sunthani, ziweto za teacup - zimbalangondo zamadzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti moss piglets, zili ngati ziweto za supuni.

Zinyama zazing'onozi, zomwe zimangoyeza 0.3 mpaka 0.9 mm (kapena m'mawu osakhala a metric, zoipa-zazing'ono mpaka zazing'ono zopenga) zazitali, nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa dzina lawo la Phylum Tardigrade, kutanthauza kutsika pang'onopang'ono.Kungoti ali ang'ono sizikutanthauza kuti ndiafupi pa khalidwe ndi kukongola.Nkhope zawo zowoneka bwino, zonenepa, matupi osokonekera komanso machitidwe ovuta zimapangitsa zimbalangondo zamadzi kuwoneka ngati kupangidwa kwa 1960s psychedelic counterculture (nkhani zati zikadakhala kunyumba ku Alice ku Wonderland) kuposa gulu lamitundumitundu, lapadziko lonse lapansi la nyama zomwe sizingawonongeke. .

Zimbalangondo zamadzi zimakhala ndi miyendo inayi ya miyendo yolimba, iliyonse imathera mu zikhadabo 4 mpaka 8.Matupi awo amatha kukhala owonekera, oyera, ofiira, alalanje, achikasu, obiriwira, ofiirira, kapena akuda.Kuphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 1,100, Tardigrades amadya moss, lichen, algae, ndipo nthawi zina, wina ndi mzake.Nthaŵi zambiri, pamene zamoyo zimanenedwa kuti zimagawidwa “padziko lonse,” amenewo ndi chidule cha mawu akuti “monse.”Sichoncho ndi otsutsa awa.Kuwonjezera pa kukhala “zimbalangondo zina za ku polar,” zimapezeka m’madera akuya kwambiri a m’nyanja, m’mapiri amatope otentha kwambiri, m’zipululu zouma kwambiri ndiponso m’madera oundana ndi madzi oundana.

Ana a nkhumba a Moss / zimbalangondo zamadzi ndizolimba mozungulira, mwina kuposa moyo wina uliwonse.Akatswiri ambiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amanena kuti Tardigrades akhoza kupulumuka kutha kwina kwakukulu monga mbiri yakale yoyambitsidwa ndi kuonongeka kwakukulu kwa meteor.Koma kuti munthu akhale wochita zinthu mopitirira malire, chamoyocho chiyenera kuchita bwino m’mikhalidwe yovuta kuposa mmene zilili ndi anthu wamba.Ngakhale kuti zimbalangondo zamadzi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi chilichonse, zimakonda kwambiri zinthu zomwe anthu ambiri amachita: mpweya wokwanira, madzi, chakudya, ndi nyengo yofunda.

"Zikafika povuta, zovuta zimapita," zomwe nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti zimatanthauza malo opanda phokoso.Moyo ukakhala wovuta kwa chimbalangondo chamadzi, chimapanga dziko la cryptobiotic lotchedwa tun, kutulutsa pafupifupi madzi onse m'maselo ake ndikusintha ena mwa shuga wotchedwa trehalose.Zimapanganso mapuloteni apadera opondereza kuti ateteze ku kuwonongeka kwa DNA.Kodi ana a nkhumba a moss ndi olimba bwanji m'derali?Tuns.

Pamene kuli kwakuti pafupifupi ma radi 500 a ma X-ray angaphe munthu, ma radi 570,000 sanawonekere kuchititsa imfa kapena kuwononga DNA ku zinthu zimenezi.Tardigrades awonetsedwa kuti amakhala zaka 20-30 mu mawonekedwe awo a cryptobiotic, komabe pambuyo pa mphindi zochepa za hydration, anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito bwino.Ndikukhulupirira kuti ena atenga ulusi wa zokambirana zawo zomaliza.

Malinga ndi lipoti la Smithsonian, amalekerera kuzizira mpaka -200C (-328F), pafupi ndi ziro.Ndipo sindikudziwa momwe munthu angaphikire zimbalangondo zamadzi, chifukwa zimakhalanso ndi 149C (300F), yomwe ndi uvuni wotentha kwambiri.Ma Tardigrades amatha kupirira kupitirira nthawi 1,200 kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga, komanso malo opanda kanthu - mu 2007, ena adalowetsedwa m'mphepete mwa Earth-Earth pa ndege ya Foton-M3 kwa masiku 10.

Njira za cryptobiotic za zimbalangondo zamadzi zalola madokotala kupanga otchedwa katemera wouma pogwiritsa ntchito trehalose m'malo mwa madzi.Izi sizikuwonongeka, phindu kwa anthu omwe ali m'madera omwe firiji ndi yochepa.

Kuphatikiza pa mbali ya nkhanza za nyama, vuto lina la umwini wa agalu a teacup liyenera kukhala kukoma kwa tiyi, ndikuganiza.Mwamwayi, tardigrades amabadwa ophunzitsidwa mapepala.Nthawi iliyonse chimbalangondo chamadzi chikakula pang'ono, chimayenera kukhetsa chikopa kapena molt, zomwe zimatha kubwerezedwa ka 12 kapena kuposa pamene chikukula.Odziwa bwino ntchito, amadikirira mpaka atafunika kusungunula asanatulutse, ndikusiya mizere ya timafupa tating'ono tambirimbiri mkati mwa khungu lakale.Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti eni ake azinyamula potengera ndalama zawo kumalo osungirako madzi, ngati zitachitika choncho.Kutalika kwa moyo kumasiyana malinga ndi zamoyo kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo, osawerengera nthawi yomwe imathera pa makanema oimitsidwa.

Zimbalangondo zamadzi zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pafupifupi gawo lililonse, makamaka lonyowa ngati moss, nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, ndikuwonedwa ndi lens lamanja kapena mphamvu yochepa yochotsera mphamvu.Chifukwa zimbalangondo zamadzi ndi zazing'ono kwambiri kuti sizingagwire ntchito ngati ma cufflinks, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti mwachibadwa sitingakhutiritse iwo omwe amafunafuna zida zamafashoni.Chonde thandizirani kulimbikitsa umwini wa ziweto - pewani ziweto za teacup, ndikukhala ndi tardigrade!

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Mafunde a chilombo chosambira thupi ku Australia;kutsika padenga la chipale chofewa ku Alaska pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa okonzedwa;kugumukira mwadala milu mwadala m'munsi mwa mapiri otsetsereka—masewera osayang’aniridwa amene achichepere angaloŵemo amakhala ogwetsa nsagwada.Izi sizikunenanso zamasewera owopsa akukwera ndi mahatchi, komanso masewera amwano monga spit-mpira mu dziwe.Kunena zoona, ndi nyama zotere.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zamoyo akhala akusinkhasinkha kwa nthaŵi yaitali chifukwa chake mitundu yambiri ya nyama inasanduka n’kumaseŵera, nthaŵi zina pangozi yake.Ndipo kumlingo wina, akudabwabe.Sewero la ana anyani monga anthu ndi anyani ndi lodziwika bwino, ndipo nyama zina zoyamwitsa monga agalu ndi amphaka zimaseweranso momveka bwino, koma zimadabwitsa kuti nyama zambiri zimachita masewera opanda pake.

Polemba sayansinews.org mu February 2015, Sarah Zielinski anatchula kafukufuku wosangalatsa wa zokwawa kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Tennessee ku Knoxville yomwe inafalitsidwa mwezi womwewo.Ofufuza Vladimir Dinets ndi Gordon Burghardt amatanthauzira masewero a nyama monga ntchito iliyonse yachisawawa yokhala ndi maulendo owonjezereka (nthawi zambiri mobwerezabwereza), oyambitsidwa ndi nyama zathanzi m'malo opanda nkhawa.Amalongosola kamba wogwidwa ndi chipolopolo chofewa cha Nile chomwe "chitha kugwetsa" mpira wa basketball mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kudutsa dziwe m'khoma lake.

Ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti adawona ng'ona zakutchire zikuyenda pansi Pansi, ndipo zindikirani kuti ogwidwawo amakonda kupusitsa ndi zoseweretsa zapulasitiki pamtunda ndi madzi.Mochuluka kwambiri moti malo osungiramo nyama masiku ano amagaŵira ng'ombe zawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoti azisangalala nazo.Chilichonse chomwe chimachotsa malingaliro a ng'ona kuluma alendo mwina ndi lingaliro labwino, mulimonse.Zielinski anatchulanso katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo wa ku yunivesite ya Lethbridge, ku Alberta, yemwe anaona akalulu akulavula madzi kwa maola ambiri pa zinthu zoyandama kuti azisuntha mozungulira nyanja yawo.

Ndipo kufotokozera m'mawu a Jason Goldman wa BBC mu lipoti lake la BBC la Januware 2013, "Gulls zimangofuna kusangalala."Amatchula kafukufuku yemwe adachitika kudzera ku College of William ndi Mary ku Williamsburg, VA yomwe idalemba agullt achichepere akusewera "drop-catch" ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pamasiku amphepo pomwe masewera oterowo anali ovuta.

Akwangwala ndi masewera kwa nthawi yabwino komanso.Goldman akufotokoza za ntchito yochitidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo pa yunivesite ya Vermont, amene amati ndi “zachilendo” kuona makungubwi ku Alaska ndi Northwest Territory ku Canada akutsetsereka mobwerezabwereza padenga la nyumba, atanyamula timitengo m’milundu ngati matabwa a chipale chofeŵa.Kuti tigwire mawu ofufuzawo, "Sitikuwona ntchito yodziwikiratu yothandiza pamachitidwe a [khwangwala]."

Koma masewera ayenera kukhala ndi cholinga cha chisinthiko, apo ayi nyama sizikanachita.Zikuwoneka kuti ndi choncho, koma osati momwe timaganizira poyamba.Pali zopelekedwa zosatha za chilengedwe pa intaneti zomwe zikuwonetsa zilombo zikusaka, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala alenje abwino, kapena kumenya nkhondo, zomwe timaganiza kuti zidawathandizira luso lawo lakumenya nkhondo.Ana a mbuzi ndi mbawala ankadumphadumpha kuti apulumuke, tinanenapo kale.Pazifukwa zina zonsezi zinali zoonekeratu kuti palibe amene ankadandaula ndi kafukufuku weniweni kwa zaka zambiri.

M'nkhani yake yopangidwa bwino komanso yoseketsa ya May 2011 mu Scientific American, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Lynda Sharpe akulemba za njovu zojambulidwa zikutsetsereka, mobwerezabwereza, pansi pa phiri laudzu kupita kwa anzawo pansi, ndikufunsa kuti: Kodi kufotokozera kwachisinthiko kwa izo kuli kuti?Anathera zaka zisanu akufufuza za meerkats, nyama yodyera m’chipululu, ku Kalahari.Ntchito yake inapeza kuti timipira taubweya tating'ono timene timasewera kwambiri sipanga omenyana bwino, kapena kukopa okwatirana mofulumira.Momwemonso, sewero la mgwirizano wa meerkat silinachepetse nkhanza kapena kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano.“Ndiye ndi inu apo.Zaka zisanu ndipo palibe mayankho.Sindingakuuzeni chifukwa chake meerkats amaseweretsa, "adalemba motero.

Ananenanso kuti kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali watsimikizira kuti kusaka ma coyote sikumaneneratu kupambana kwenikweni kwa kusaka, komanso amphaka apakhomo.Koma, akumaliza, "Kusewera KUMATHANDIZA!"Anthu okonda kusewera amakhala makolo abwinoko, kulera ana ochulukirapo.Ndipo kusewera ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire.Makoswe, omwe akuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yokonda kusewera, amaphunzira mwachangu akaloledwa kucheza ndi kusewera bwino.Khoswe akapatsidwa malo okhala ndi mitundu yonse yachidziwitso, koma osasewera ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wake, ubongo wake umalephera kukula.

Wofufuza wina dzina lake Max Kerney, polemba mu Newsweek mu June 2017, anati: “Kafukufuku wa agologolo, mahatchi akuthengo ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira zatsimikizira kuti nthawi imene nyama zimathera zimasewera zidakali zazing’ono zimawoneka kuti zimawathandiza kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali komanso kuti azibereka bwino. .Sizikudziwika bwinobwino mmene masewero amachitira zimenezi.”Koma masewero amaposa pamenepo.Kusewera kwambiri kumatanthauza ubongo waukulu.

Gulu la Kerney linapeza “mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimaseŵera ndi kukula kwa makina a cortico-cerebellar,” omwe amaphatikizidwa pakuphunzira.Ananenanso za maphunziro am'mbuyomu omwe "adapeza ubale pakati pa kusewera [kwa anyani] ndi kukula kwa ... neocortex, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus ndi striatum."Voilà: ntchito zonse ndipo palibe kusewera kumapangitsa Jack kukhala wopusa.

Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa ana athu, anyani achichepere omwe timawakonda kwambiri?Pali mawu omwe ndimakonda, ngakhale sindimupeza wolemba wake, yemwe amapita (mochuluka kapena mochepera) "Kumvetsetsa sayansi ya rocket kuli ngati sewero la ana poyerekeza ndi kumvetsetsa kusewera kwa ana."Maseŵero a ana n’ngofunika kwambiri kuti akule bwino moti The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child imati (m’nkhani 31) “Ana ali ndi ufulu womasuka ndi kuseŵera, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m’zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachikhalidwe, zaluso ndi zosangulutsa zina. ”Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, mayiko onse padziko lapansi kupatulapo Somalia ndi United States avomereza msonkhanowu.

Mu positi ya blog ya Psychology Today ya pa Julayi 07, 2011, a Marc Bekoff, pulofesa wotuluka pa sayansi ya zamoyo zamoyo ku yunivesite ya Colorado, anati “Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe ana amafunikira kusewera.Ana ayenera kuloledwa kudzidetsa ndi kuphunzira kuchita zoopsa ... Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaganizo William Crain amanenera, tiyenera kulola ana kuti abwererenso ubwana wawo.

Ndikuvomereza ndi mtima wonse.Tiyenera kuwalola ana kuti azisewera momasuka mu dziko lenileni, m'chilengedwe.Mwina osati kungosambira ndi ng'ona kapena kutsetsereka ndi chipale chofewa ndi makungubwi padenga la nyumba, koma china chake chotsatira.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Nthawi zambiri, ndimakonda mitengo, ngakhale yomwe ndiyenera kusirira nayo kutali, monga mtengo wachikondi, womwe umatchedwanso koko, Theobroma cacao, womwe chokoleti imachokera.Chokoleti sichimangokhudzana ndi chikondi, makamaka pa Tsiku la Valentine, chingatithandize kumva ngati nkhunda chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe mtengo umatulutsa.

Wachibadwidwe ku Central America, mtengo wa cacao umakula pafupifupi pafupifupi madigiri makumi awiri kumbali zonse za equator-mwa kuyankhula kwina, kumene ambiri a ife timafuna kuti tikadakhala pakati pa February.Mbewu za koko zaphwanyidwa ndi kupangidwa kukhala chakumwa chodziwika ndi dzina lake lachimereka la ku America (mwina Nahuatl), chokoleti, kwa zaka pafupifupi 4,000.

Coco ndi mtengo wawung'ono, wamtali pafupifupi 15-20, wokhala ndi njere zotalika pakati pa mainchesi 6 ndi 12.Nyemba za cacao zokwana 30 mpaka 40 mu khola lililonse ndi zamkati zotsekemera, zomwe kale zidadyedwanso.Pambuyo pokolola, nyemba za cacao zimayamba kupesa zisanawumidwe kenako nkuzipera kukhala ufa.

Asanakumane ndi ku Ulaya, chokoleti chinali chakumwa choledzeretsa, chowawa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimasakanizidwa ndi tchipisi ndi ufa wa chimanga.Amaya ndi Aaziteki adamwa kwambiri chifukwa chamankhwala ake - zambiri pambuyo pake.Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1500, Mjesuti wina wa ku Spain amene anapita ku Mexico ananena kuti chokoleti “n’njonyansa kwa anthu amene saidziwa bwino, imakhala ndi zinyalala kapena phulusa losasangalatsa [kulawa].”Ndiye m'pomveka kuti poyamba kunali kochedwa kunyamuka ku Ulaya.

Chokoleti chinakhala chodziwika kwambiri, komabe, pambuyo pa luso lapamwamba monga kuwonjezera shuga ndi kusiya chimanga.Chifukwa chinanso chakukwera kwa meteoric kufunikira kwake ndikuti anthu adawona kuti ili ndi zotsatira zabwino.Chimodzi mwa izi ndi chofanana ndi tiyi kapena khofi.Mu chokoleti mulibe caffeine wambiri, koma ili ndi zigawo pafupifupi 400 zodziwika, ndipo ambiri mwa mankhwalawa ndi apamwamba.

Mkulu mwa izo ndi theobromine, yomwe ilibe bromine-go figure.Ndi mankhwala a caffeine, ndipo dzina lake limachokera ku Chigriki kutanthauza "chakudya cha milungu."Ngakhale anthu atadziwa kuti amatanthawuza kuti "kununkha kwa milungu," sizingatheke kuti zisawononge malonda a chokoleti.

Masiku ano, chokoleti amadziwika kuti ndi antioxidant wamphamvu, koma kwazaka zambiri wakhala akudziwika kuti ndi aphrodisiac.Ndikuganiza kuti izi zikufotokozera mwambo wopatsa chokoleti kwa wokondedwa pa Tsiku la Valentine, zikondwerero, ndi zochitika zina.Chokoleti sichingafanane ndi mphamvu zake zabodza, koma cholimbikitsa china chomwe chili nacho, phenylethylamine (PEA), chikhoza kuwerengera mbiri yake.

Zogwirizana kwambiri ndi amphetamine, PEA imathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa dopamine, mankhwala "omva bwino" mumalo opatsa mphotho muubongo.Zikuwonekeratu kuti mukayamba kukondana, ubongo wanu ukungotsika ndi dopamine.Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala osachepera atatu mu chokoleti amatengera zotsatira za chamba.Amamangiriza ku zolandilira zomwezo muubongo wathu monga tetrahydrocannabanol kapena THC, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mumphika, kutulutsa dopamine yambiri komanso serotonin, mankhwala ena aubongo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi chisangalalo.

Musadabwe ndi nkhani iyi-zowonjezera za dopaminezi ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe mankhwala amankhwala angachite, ndipo ndi bwino kuthamangitsa gudumu mutamwa kapu ya koko.Kumwa chokoleti sikunandisokoneze luso langa logwiritsa ntchito makina olemera, osati momwe kusowa kwanga maphunziro ndi chidziwitso kwandichitira.

Anthu ambiri angavomereze kuti chokoleti sichilowa m'malo mwa chikondi, koma zotsatira zake zachilengedwe zimatha kukhala chifukwa chake chikondi ndi chokoleti zimalumikizana kwambiri.Chabwino, izo ndi malonda, ine ndikuganiza.

Agalu sangathe kutulutsa theobromine bwino, ndipo ngakhale chokoleti chochepa, makamaka chakuda, chikhoza kukhala poizoni kwa iwo.Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe simuyenera kupezera galu wanu bokosi la chokoleti pa Tsiku la Valentine, ziribe kanthu momwe mumawakonda.Ndipo poganiza kuti ndi spayed kapena neutered, pooch wanu sakanapindula chilichonse cha zotsatira za chokoleti.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ngati mudakonda The Godfather: Part II, kapena Rocky II, kapena filimu yachiwiri ya Lord of the Rings, simudzakonda The Carrington Event: Part II.M'malo mwake, ziribe kanthu filimu yomwe mumakonda kwambiri, mudzadana ndi gawo lachiwiri la The Carrington Event, chifukwa pamene sequel ikuwonekera, palibe amene adzatha kuwonera mafilimu kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo mwina zaka.

Mosiyana ndi The Poseidon Adventure, Jurassic Park, ndi mafilimu ena atsoka, The Carrington Event, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti The Solar Flare ya 1859, inali yeniyeni, ndipo imabwerezedwa kawirikawiri, posachedwapa mu 2012. Mwamwayi, Dziko lapansi nthawi zambiri limaphonya kuphulika kwa ma radiation, koma nthawi zina kokha ndi nkhani ya maola.Ndizosapeŵeka kuti dziko lathu lapansi lidzakumana ndi mkuntho wina wa 1859 muzaka makumi zikubwerazi, kotero ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chiwembu choyambirira.

Kuyambira pa Ogasiti 28, 1859, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo adawona masango a dzuŵa, ndipo tsiku lotsatira nyali zakumpoto ndi zakummwera (aurora borealis ndi aurora australis, motsatana) zinawonedwa m’madera akutali pafupi ndi Equator.Ndiyeno pa September 1, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku Britain, Richard C. Carrington, analemba za “kuwala kowala koyera” cha m’ma 12 koloko masana tsiku limenelo.Patangotha maola 17, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa kapena CME kudagunda maginito padziko lapansi ndikuyambitsa chimphepo champhamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chidachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala wachiwiri.

Akuti makina a telegraph ku North America ndi ku Europe adalumikizidwa ndi magetsi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitengo ya telegraph ndi malo olandirira ziwotchedwe.Ogwiritsa ntchito angapo adakhudzidwanso ndi zidazi.Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mphepo yamkuntho yamphamvu kwambiri imeneyi masiku ano ingawononge ma gridi amagetsi padziko lonse moti kukonza kungatenge miyezi ingapo, mwinanso zaka.Mphepo yamkuntho ya 2012 yamphamvu yofananira idaphonya Dziko Lapansi pamasiku 9 okha.Mu 2013, Lloyd's waku London adawerengera kuti "sequel" ya 2012 idatikhudza, zikanapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa madola 2.6 thililiyoni ku US kokha.

N'zovuta kuganiza modzidzimutsa kukhala opanda mafoni a m'manja, Intaneti, ndi magetsi.Osanenapo kuti Bitcoin idzakhala nthunzi.Kutsatira kuphonya kwa 2012, NASA idapereka mawu osonyeza kuti pali mwayi wa 12% kuti tiwone mkuntho wina wotere pofika 2022.

Tinthu ting'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timatuluka kuchokera kudzuwa—x-ray, gamma ray, kuwala kwa UV, kuwala kooneka, ndi mitundu ina ya ma radiation—pa liwiro la 300 mpaka 800 km/s.Poganizira kuti Dzuwa lili ndi madigiri Seshasi miliyoni pamwamba pake, munthu angaganize kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timachotsedwa ndi kutentha.Kwenikweni, mphamvu yaikulu ndi zotsatira za maginito.Kusamuka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumeneku kumatchedwa mphepo yadzuwa.Madera osiyanasiyana padzuwa amatulutsa tinthu tating'ono ta liwiro komanso kapangidwe kake, komanso mosiyanasiyana, motero mphepo imasinthasintha.Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo nthawi zambiri mphepo yamkuntho imayamba.Palibe amene akudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa mphepo yamkuntho, koma akatswiri a zakuthambo amatha "kuwona" pamene akuphika.

Nyenyezi zonse zimapanga madera amphamvu kwambiri a maginito nthawi zonse.Sizikudziwika ngati amayambitsa moto ndi ma CME, koma ma sunspots nthawi zambiri amawonekera zisanachitike.Flares ndi CMEs ndi "kuwomba" kwa mphepo yadzuwa yomwe imatuluka kuchokera kumadera omwe ali pafupi ndi madontho adzuwa, ndipo ma radiation omwe amaponya mumlengalenga amadziwika kuti plasma.Ngati akatswiri a zakuthambo awona madontho akuluakulu adzuwa, amakhala tcheru kuti aone zochitika zina.CME yamphamvu ikaphulika, plasma yake yamphamvu kwambiri imatifika mkati mwa maola 24-48, pomwe imakumana ndi mlengalenga wa Dziko lapansi (magnetosphere) kuti ipange mkuntho wa geomagnetic.

Kutentha kwadzuwa kumatha kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku panthawi yamphamvu kwambiri yazaka 11 zoyendera dzuwa.Komabe, panthawi yomwe sikugwira ntchito, moto ukhoza kuchitika masabata angapo.Sikuti kuwala kulikonse kumawonetsa kutulutsa kwa coronal, koma kumalumikizana kwambiri.Ndikadamvetsetsa bwino zochitika zadzuwa, nditha kukhala ndi ntchito yapamwamba mu astrophysics kapena china chake.Nditatha nthawi yabwino ya tsiku ndikudutsa mu lipoti lodzaza ndi njira zomveka bwino zofotokozera moto ndi ma CME, ndinapeza mzere uwu ndi wolemba: "... njira zomwe zikukhudzidwa sizikumveka bwino."Ngati akanangoyamba nazo zimenezo, sindikanayesetsa kwambiri.

Titha kuthokoza nyenyezi zathu zamwayi kuti tili ndi chitsulo chosungunula cholemera kwambiri.Kapena kuti dziko lathu limachita.Chimenechi chimapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi mphamvu ya maginito, motero imalepheretsa cheza chakupha ndi kutipulumutsa kuti tisamakhale mdima wa tawuni.Pamene mtsinje wa ma radiation umayenda mozungulira Dziko lapansi ngati madzi ozungulira thanthwe, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono "timakumbidwa" kumpoto ndi kumwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti auroras.

Namondwe wa geomagnetic samangoyika mawonetsero a psychedelic.Monga tafotokozera, amatha kuletsa magetsi, ndipo amatha kuwononga kapena kuwononga ma satellite.Nthawi zambiri, ma satelayiti amatha kuchotsedwa pamavuto munthawi yake.Mu Marichi 1989, mphepo yamkuntho yaying'ono yofananira ndi geomagnetic idatseka magetsi amtundu wa Hydro-Québec patangotha masekondi angapo agunda Dziko Lapansi, zomwe zidasiya makasitomala 6 miliyoni mumdima.Kutumiza kwa wailesi ndi foni yam'manja kudasokonekera, ndipo aurora borealis idawonedwa kumwera kwa Texas.

Mwamwayi, mutha kupita ku noaa.gov kuti muwone zolosera zanyengo, ndikulembetsa zidziwitso ngati mukufuna.Zolosera zam'mlengalenga za NOAA zitha kupereka machenjezo okhudza nthawi yomwe madzi a m'magazi a dzuwa adzagunda Padziko Lapansi tsiku limodzi kapena awiri pasadakhale.Ngakhale zoyaka moto sizinganenedweratu, NOAA imatha kukuuzani mawanga adzuwa, malawi, ndi ma CME.Malipoti anyengo yamlengalenga amathanso kukudziwitsani ngati aurora ikuyembekezeka (ndipo mwina mudzafunika chotenthetsera chamlengalenga) pausiku wina.

Kupitilira apo, mutha kuganizira zogulitsa makina otayipira, abacus, twine wabwino, ndi zitini zochepa za malata.Ndipo ndikupangira kuti aliyense ayambe kubisa ndalama zawo za digito pansi pa matiresi awo, nawonso.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

M’giredi lachisanu ndi chinayi ndinali m’kwaya kwa miyezi ingapo kufikira pamene mlangizi anandipatsa “A” kwa chaka chonse ngati nditasiya kalasi yake.Nkhani yochitika.Mungaganize kuti mnyamata amene amakonda nyimbo koma satha kuyimba angasangalale ndi kung'ung'udza, koma zimatengera.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kung'ung'udza kungayambitse nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kusowa tulo, ndipo nthawi zina, mizukwa.Komanso zoona—ngakhale ndinasiya mfundo zingapo pamenepo.

Kung'ung'udza ku nyimbo chifukwa simukudziwa (kapena simungathe kuyimba) mawuwo ndi opanda vuto, pokhapokha ngati sakutha ndipo amakwiyitsa ogwira nawo ntchito.Koma njira zambiri zamafakitale monga ng'anjo zophulika, nsanja zoziziritsa, ndi ma compressor akuluakulu ndi mapampu a vacuum amatha kutulutsa ma frequency otsika kapena ma infrasound omwe amatha kuyenda mamailosi makumi.Chifukwa chakuti mafunde opangidwa ndi anthu amakhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde aatali kwambiri—nthawi zina kupitirira kilomita imodzi—mafundewa amatha kuyenda mosavuta m’mapiri ndi m’nyumba.

Chilengedwe chikhoza kutulutsa mafunde amtunduwu pazochitika monga zivomezi, zivomezi, ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri.Mphepo ya liwiro linalake ndi komwe imawomba pa canyon imatha kupanga infrasound.Ndipo nyama zina, makamaka anamgumi ndi njovu, zimalankhulana mtunda wautali motere.Mwamwayi, ma hums achilengedwe amakhala osakhalitsa komanso osasokoneza kwambiri kwa ife kuposa omwe amapangidwa ndi makina.

Infrasound imamveka yopangidwa ndi mafunde ochepera 20 pa sekondi iliyonse kapena Hertz (Hz), yomwe ingakhalenso gawo lolipira pakubwereketsa magalimoto, ndikuganiza.Akuti pafupifupi 2% mpaka 3% yokha ya anthu amatha kumva mawu pamlingo uwu.Anthu ambiri amatha kumva kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 20,000 Hz.Pamwambapa pali ultrasound, monga mafunde omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zamankhwala.

Kupatulapo kuti infrasound imatha kulowa m'nyumba zathu pazaka 24-7, limodzi mwamavuto akulu ndikuti timakonda kumva kuposa kumva.Mwa tanthawuzo, phokoso ndi mndandanda wa mafunde othamanga omwe amapanga kusintha kosaoneka bwino mu mpweya wa mpweya pa eardrum yathu.Khutu limanjenjemera chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, komwe ubongo umatanthauzira ngati mawu.Chowonadi ndi chakuti, mafunde omwe amasintha kuthamanga kwa mpweya amanjenjemera m'makutu athu ngakhale kuyenda kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri kuti tizindikire ngati phokoso.Ichi ndichifukwa chake infrasound imatha kuyambitsa chizungulire, vertigo, nseru, komanso kusokoneza kugona.

Koma khutu lathu siliri gawo lokhalo la ife lomwe limagwedezeka mpaka ku mafunde otsika kwambiri.Ziwalo zonse za munthu zimakhala ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "mawotchi amtundu wa resonant frequency," womwe ndi kutalika kwake komwe kumapangitsa kuti minofu igwedezeke yokha.Kuyesera kwaumunthu kunapeza kuti zotsatira za mtima zimachitika pa 17 Hz;anthuwo ankakhala ndi mantha, chiwonongeko, ndi nkhawa.Ndipo mu kafukufuku wa 1976, NASA idatsimikiza kuti diso la munthu limawonekera pamtunda wa 18 Hertz.

Kumene ndi kumene mizukwa imabwera. Kapena kukambirana za izo.Mu 1998, wofufuza wina wa ku Britain dzina lake Vic Tandy adafalitsa pepala lotchedwa "Ghosts in the Machine" mu Journal of the Society for Psychical Research.Panthawi ina adayamba kuchita mantha, kenako nthawi zina amawona zotuwira, zowoneka ngati blob, akugwira ntchito yekha mu labu yake ya zida zamankhwala.Tsiku lina iye anamangirira chojambulapo cha mpanda mu vise ku labu kuti agwiritse ntchito, ndipo zojambulazo zinayamba kunjenjemera kwambiri.Adapeza kuti chowotcha chaposachedwa choyikirapo chinali kunjenjemera ndendende 18.98 Hz.Atazimitsidwa, chojambulacho chinasiya kunjenjemera, ndipo anamva bwino ndipo anasiya kuona zinthu m’masomphenya ake a m’mphepete mwake.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kuyesa mobwerezabwereza kwatulutsa zofanana zowoneka bwino.

Imodzi mwamilandu yodziwika bwino ya infrasound m'chilengedwe ndi yomwe imatchedwa "Windsor Hum" m'chigawo cha Windsor, Ontario, yomwe boma la Canada lidatsata malo a US Steel pachilumba cha Detroit River.Kutsika kocheperako, 35-Hertz hum akuti kukukulira kuposa kale kuyambira pomwe idayambiranso kumapeto kwa 2017 titapuma pang'ono.Chiyambireni kutulutsa kwa hum mchaka cha 2011, pakhala malipoti oti anthu ena adasamuka kuti athawe zowawa zake, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusowa tulo komanso nseru.Mu 2012, anthu oposa 20,000 okhala mumzinda adalowa nawo pawailesi yakanema kudandaula za vutoli.Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti US Steel yakana zoyesayesa zonse za akuluakulu a ku Canada kuti akumane nawo kuti ayese kuthetsa vutoli.

Kuchititsa kuti anthu ochuluka chonchi azivutika mwakufuna kwawo kuti apeze chuma ndi mlandu waukulu kwambiri.Mosiyana ndi milandu yankhondo komanso kupha anthu, lingaliro la Crimes Against Humanity siliyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mikangano yankhondo, ngakhale matanthauzidwe ake amasiyana malinga ndi mayiko.Bungwe la UN lidayamba ntchito yoyikhazikitsa mu 2014. Lamulo lina lomwe lilipo pano limafotokoza kuti "...kuchita zinthu zopanda umunthu mwadala zomwe zimadzetsa kuzunzika kwakukulu, kapena kuvulaza thupi kapena ku thanzi labwino."Palibe munthu kapena bungwe lomwe liyenera kuloledwa kusunga anthu.

Kumpoto kwa NY State, ndaona kung'ung'udza kofananako pazaka 15 kapena kupitilira apo.Ngakhale zimasiyanasiyana kukula kwake, ndazimva mokweza kuchokera ku Gouverneur kupita ku Canton kupita ku Massena.Msewu wanga ulibe magetsi, choncho ndilibe zida zapakhomo zomwe zingayambitse.Chowoneka bwino kwambiri usiku, nthawi zina chimatseka.Chakumapeto kwa Novembala 2018 idayambanso pambuyo popuma, ndipo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri pakadali pano.

Khalani omasuka kugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi infrasound hum pa [imelo yotetezedwa].Ngati mukuwona kuti chinthu choterocho chikuwononga thanzi lanu, ndikukulimbikitsani kuti mulumikizane ndi osankhidwa anu.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Chaka chatha mnansi wanga, amene amalima ndi kugulitsa bowa—ovomerezeka—kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo, anandiuza kuti ndichite nkhani yokhudza bowa la Khrisimasi yomwe ingafotokozere zamatsenga a mwambo wa tchuthi chimenecho.Poyamba ndidasiya lingaliro lake, poganiza kuti mwina adadya zinthu zoyipa tsiku lomwelo, koma kuyambira pamenepo ndapeza umboni wokwanira wotsimikizira lingaliro lake.

Amanita muscaria ndi bowa womwe umamera pakati pa mitengo ya paini, birch ndi oak, yomwe imagawidwa ku North America, Europe, ndi Asia kuchokera kumadera otentha kupita kumpoto.M’chenicheni ndi malo ogwirizana ndi mizu ya mitengo imeneyo, pogwiritsa ntchito shuga pang’ono kuchokera kumizu yake koma kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya mitengoyo kutenga zakudya ndi madzi.Sichingathe kumera kunja kwa nkhalango.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa fly agaric kapena fly amanita chifukwa wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ntchentche, A. muscaria ndi bowa wamkulu, wokongola mofiira (nthawi zina wachikasu).Chipewa chake chophwanyika, chomwe chimaphwanyidwa pamene chikukhwima, chimakhala ndi madontho akuluakulu oyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa machulu odziwika bwino kapena bowa wopanda ufulu padziko lonse lapansi.Ndi bowa wamkulu wokhala ndi madontho a polka wa Alice ku Wonderland, mabuku opaka utoto, komanso malo opangidwa ndi dimba.Ngakhale zipewa za gnomes nthawi zambiri zimapakidwa utoto kuti ziwoneke ngati bowa wa agaric.

Amanita muscaria alinso ndi psychoactive properties, ndipo wakhala akudyedwa kwa zaka zikwi zambiri ndi Laplanders otopa ndi nyengo yozizira monga chotola;ndi asing’anga aku Siberia ndi asing’anga ena pa miyambo ya machiritso;ndi mphalapala zakuthengo - chabwino sitikudziwa.Mwina kuwuluka, koma zambiri pambuyo pake.Ndithudi pali nkhani zambiri za mphalapala “zoledzera” zikasakatula 'chimbudzicho.

Ngati dzina lakuti Amanita likumveka belu, zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti chotchedwa chipewa cha imfa, mwinamwake bowa wakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi wachibale wapamtima, Amanita phalloides.Chipewa cha imfa chimachokera ku Ulaya ndi Asia, koma mwangozi adayambitsidwa ndi mitengo yotumizidwa kumadera ochepa ku North America.Mosiyana ndi matenda a bowa ambiri, poizoni wake samatenthedwa ndi kutentha, ndipo theka la kapu ndilokwanira kuwononga chiwindi ndi impso za munthu wamkulu, zomwe zimapangitsa "mankhwala" okhawo kuyika chiwalo.

Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi psychoactive, fly fly agaric yathu imakhalanso ndi poizoni, ngakhale zochepa.Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zitha kumasuliridwa kuti "zotetezeka" (malipoti akuti zitha kuyambitsa kusanza) ndi kutentha pang'ono kapena kutaya madzi m'thupi.Mwachiwonekere, kutentha kwakukulu kumatenga zosangalatsa zonse kuchokera ku fly agaric, monga momwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bowa wophikira kamodzi kophika kale ndipo madzi oyambirira amatayidwa.Akuti, ku Siberia ndi madera ena, A. muscaria anaikidwa m'matangadza ndipo anapachikidwa pafupi ndi moto.Mwanjira imeneyi kutentha pang'ono kumapangitsa kuti (bowa, osati masitonkeni) akhale otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwamwambo kapena ayi.

Matangadza odzaza ndi bowa zofiira ndi zoyera zopachikidwa pa chumney mosamala zimamveka bwino.Ndipo inde, Abambo Khrisimasi amatha kuvala chovala chofiira ndi choyera ndipo mwina sangadzizungulire ndi ma elves aafupi, a squat, bowa-esque, koma ndinali wokayika za kugwirizana kulikonse kwa mafangasi ndi miyambo ya tchuthi chachisanu.Komabe, kufufuza kosavuta kwa intaneti kwa "Khrisimasi yokongoletsera bowa" kunasintha bazillion (chabwino, 30,800,000) zithunzi zamtengo wa Amanita muscaria ndipo zinandipangitsa kukhala wokhulupirira.

M’sewero lachisangalalo la Cheech Marin ndi Tommy Chong la 1971 lakuti “Santa ndi Dona Wake Wachikulire,” Cheech akufotokoza motero Santa Claus, “mnyamata waubweya nsagwada,” kwa bwenzi lake.Chilembo chowuluka cha Santa, malinga ndi Cheech, chimalimbikitsidwa ndi "fumbi lamatsenga," ndi "pang'onoting'ono pa mphoyo, pang'ono pa Santa, pang'ono za Santa, zochulukirapo za Santa ..." Mwina kuwonjezera pa zinthu zomwe amakonda. kusuta, ankadziwanso za fly agaric.

Chifukwa cha thanzi la anthu, ndikufuna kuchenjeza kuti tisayese bowa.Chifukwa chimodzi, maumboni akuwonetsa kuti bowa wa agaric omwe amathyoledwa mchaka ndi chilimwe amatha kukhala amphamvu kuwirikiza ka 10 kuposa omwe adatengedwa m'dzinja.Ndipo kuti kusawerengetsa molakwika kungakulepheretseni kudwala kwa sabata imodzi kapena kuposerapo.Ndipo ayi, sindinayese A. muscaria ndipo ndiribe malingaliro otero.

Sindine wophunzira, koma ndimaona kuti ndizosangalatsa kuti zokopa za Khrisimasi yamakono zimagwirizana ndi miyambo yakale yachisanu ku Siberia.Amanita muscaria angathandize kufotokoza chisangalalo chopanda chibadwa cha Santa, kuthawa kwake kwamatsenga, osatchulanso mitundu yosankha ya suti yake, ndi mamiliyoni a zokongoletsera za bowa wa Khrisimasi zimalumikizidwa kwambiri.

Upangiri wanga ungakhale kuti tipewe mafangasi oopsa komanso kawopsedwe ka malonda, komanso kukhala ndi chisangalalo chachikale chosayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zamtundu wina.Mbalame, ndithudi, idzapanga zosankha zake.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Pokhapokha ngati kusintha kwa majini kulibe vuto, mwambi wakale wonena za ndalama zosamera pamitengo ukhalabe wolondola.Ndikuganiza kuti ngati kusinthanitsa kudzakhala chizolowezi, alimi a zipatso ndi mtedza adzakhala odzaza ndi ndalama zodzala mitengo.Kuwona mitengo yakusinthana kumatha kukhala mutu, ndikuganiza.Paini wathu wakum'mawa, Pinus strobus, samadziwika kuti ndi mtengo wobala mbewu ndipo sikuwoneka ngati ukuphuka ndalama, makamaka m'derali, koma wabala zipatso zamtengo wapatali kwa anthu chimodzimodzi.

Mitengo yayitali kwambiri kumbali iyi ya Rockies, mipini yoyera mpaka mamita 230 inalembedwa ndi odula mitengo oyambirira.Mpikisano wapano waku US wayima pa 188 mapazi, ndipo mu Adirondacks tili ndi mipaini yoyera yakale yopitilira 150.Pankhani yozindikiritsa, white pine imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta, pokhala pine yokhayo ku East yomwe imakhala ndi singano m'mitolo isanu, imodzi pa chilembo chilichonse mu WHITE.Kunena zomveka, zilembo sizimalembedwa pa singano, kungonena.

Ngakhale kuti ndi wautali komanso wochititsa chidwi, m'zaka zingapo zapitazi mtengo wa paini woyera ukudwaliridwa ndi kudulidwa ndi tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso.Amatchedwa Canavirgella needlecast ndi Mycosphaerella brown spot, bowa awiriwa akhalapo kwa zaka zambiri, koma sanakhalepo vuto.Zizindikiro za matenda ndi singano zomwe zimasanduka zachikasu kotheratu ndikutsika pakapita chaka chimodzi kapena zingapo.Akatswiri ambiri a zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwathu kwa nyengo kumpoto chakum’maŵa, makamaka nyengo yaitali yosasweka ya mvula, ndiko kunachititsa kusintha kwa khalidweli.Pakati pa zaka zamvula, chilala cha 2012, 2016, 2018 chinapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa kwambiri, kufooketsa mitengo kotero kuti imagwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.

White pine imapanga ma cones okongola, mainchesi asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi anayi, okhala ndi masikelo okhala ndi utomoni, abwino poyatsira moto komanso kuwonjezera nkhata ndi zokongoletsera zina za tchuthi (angafune kuti iwo asayatse moto).Mtunduwu umadziwika chifukwa cha matabwa ake otambalala komanso owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyala pansi, kupaka mapanelo ndi kuwotcha komanso matabwa.New England inamangidwa pa pine woyera, ndipo m'nyumba zina zakale, mapepala oyambirira a paini a m'lifupi mwapadera amatha kupezekabe.Ngakhale matabwa ake ali ochititsa chidwi, mphatso yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya white pine ndi yosaoneka.Ndipo mwachiyembekezo indivisible.

Pakati pa zaka 1,000 ndi mazana khumi ndi awiri zapitazo kuno kumpoto chakum'mawa, mayiko asanu amtunduwu adaganiza kuti awononga mphamvu zambiri kutsutsa malire ndi chuma.Mothandizidwa ndi mtsogoleri wamasomphenya, iwo anakonza dongosolo la ulamuliro wa chitaganya kuti athetse nkhani zapakati pa mayiko, kusiya dziko lirilonse kukhala lodzilamulira mwanjira ina.

White pine, yokhala ndi singano zake zisanu zolumikizidwa pansi, idathandizira kulimbikitsa dongosolo latsopanoli.Imakhalabe chizindikiro choyenera cha Confederacy iyi, Iroquois, kapena Haudenosaune momwe amadzitcha okha.Mtengowo unali, ndipo ukuimiridwa ndi chiwombankhanga cha dazi, mivi isanu yotsekeredwa m’mapiko ake kusonyeza mphamvu mu umodzi, yokhazikika pamwamba pake.

Confederacy ili ndi mafumu makumi asanu osankhidwa omwe amakhala m'mabungwe awiri azamalamulo, ndi mtsogoleri m'modzi wosankhidwa.M'mbiri yakale, amayi okha ndi omwe amatha kuvota.Azimayi analinso ndi mphamvu zotsutsa atsogoleri omwe sakuchita zinthu zokomera anthu, ndipo amatha kuletsa malamulo aliwonse omwe amawawona mopupuluma kapena osawona bwino.Mkulu aliyense amayembekezeredwa kuti atha kubwereza pamtima malamulo a Iroquois, ntchito yomwe ikuchitikabe masiku ano m'malo ena, ndipo imatenga masiku asanu ndi anayi athunthu kuti amalize.

Benjamin Franklin ndi James Monroe analemba zambiri zokhudza mgwirizano wa Iroquois, ndipo Franklin makamaka analimbikitsa madera khumi ndi atatu kuti atenge mgwirizano wofanana.Pamene Continental Congress idakumana kuti ipange Constitution, atsogoleri a Iroquois adapezekapo, mwa kuitana, kwa nthawi yonse ya alangizi.

Zina mwa mbendera zoyamba za Revolution zinali mndandanda wa Mbendera za Pine Tree, ndipo paini woyera amakhalabe pa mbendera ya boma la Vermont.Chiwombankhanga, ngakhale kuti chinachotsedwa pamtengo wake wa paini, nthawi zonse chimakhala pa ndalama za US, mtolo wa mivi khumi ndi itatu m'mizere yake.Ndikuganiza mophiphiritsira, ndalama zathu zinamera pamtengo.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ngakhale Santa Claus mwiniyo sangapereke chikhumbo cha Khrisimasi yoyera—ndi ndalama yoponyera ndalama kaya tchuthicho chidzakhala chokutidwa ndi chipale chofeŵa kapena chobiriwira chaka chino.Malo obiriwira si abwino athu a Khrisimasi, koma titha kusunga zobiriwira zambiri ku North Country, ndikusunga mitengo yathu ya Khrisimasi ndi mawu ena abwino komanso obiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali, tikamagula mitengo ndi nkhata zam'deralo.

Sikuti mitengo ya Khrisimasi ndiyomwe ingangowonjezedwanso, imathandizira chuma chakumaloko.Ngakhale mulibe nthawi yodula nokha pafamu yamitengo, dzichitireni zabwino chaka chino ndikugula mtengo wachilengedwe kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kwanuko.Atha kukuthandizani kusankha mtundu wabwino kwambiri pazomwe mumakonda, ndikudziwitsaninso momwe ziliri zatsopano.Mitengo ina m'masitolo akuluakulu imadulidwa masabata, kapena miyezi, isanawonekere m'masitolo.

Pali chifukwa chinanso chogulira m'deralo mu 2018: Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Misika ya NYS yalengeza kuti anthu azikhala kwaokha pamitengo ya Khrisimasi yakunja kwa boma kuti aletse kufalikira kwa tizilombo tatsopano towononga.Mbalame yotchedwa spotted lanternfly (SLF) ndi yowononga kwambiri mitundu yambiri yamitengo, komanso mphesa ndi mbewu zina zosiyanasiyana, koma imakonda kwambiri mapulo a shuga.Choyamba chopezeka ku Pennsylvania mu 2014, kachilombo kameneka kakupha mitengo ku Asia kafalikira ku New Jersey, Delaware, ndi Virginia.Akazi a SLF amayikira mazira obisala pafupifupi chilichonse, ndipo mu 2017, mazira ambiri adapezeka pamitengo ya Khrisimasi yomwe idakula ku New Jersey, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala kwaokha.

Pa zonunkhira zonse zosaiŵalika za nyengo ya tchuthi, palibe chomwe chimatulutsa mzimu wake ngati fungo la mtengo wapaini wodulidwa mwatsopano, spruce kapena mlombwa, nkhata kapena nkhata.Ngakhale kuti mabanja ambiri a ku America kumene amakondwerera Khirisimasi asintha n’kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yongopanga, mabanja pafupifupi 10 miliyoni amabweretsabe mtengo weniweni.

Mtundu uliwonse wa conifer uli ndi kusakaniza kwake kwa ma terpenol ndi esters omwe amapangira mafuta onunkhira awo a "pine woods".Anthu ena amakonda fungo la mtengo winawake, mwina umene anali nawo ali ana.Mtengo wa Khirisimasi wachilengedwe ndi, mwa zina, potpourri yayikulu ya tchuthi.Palibe labu la chemistry lomwe lingapangitse mtengo wapulasitiki kununkhiza ngati pine watsopano, fir kapena spruce.

Magwero a mtengo wa Khrisimasi sakudziwika bwino, koma mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, nkhata, ndi nthambi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu angapo akale, kuphatikiza Aigupto, kuyimira moyo wamuyaya.M’zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ku Germany, Martin Luther mwachiwonekere anathandizira kuyatsa (titero kunena kwake) mwambo wa mtengo wa Khirisimasi wa m’nyumba mwa kubweretsa chobiriwira chobiriwira m’nyumba mwake ndi kukongoletsa ndi makandulo.Kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, mitengo ya Khrisimasi nthawi zonse inkabweretsedwa mnyumba pa 24 Disembala, ndipo sinachotsedwe mpaka pambuyo pa phwando lachikhristu la Epifania pa 6 Januware.

Ponena za zokonda za khamu la anthu, mitengo yamkuyu—Douglas, basamu, ndi Fraser—imakonda kwambiri, yonunkhira bwino kwambiri.Grand ndi concolor fir fungo labwino kwambiri.Akasungidwa m'madzi, mafinya onse amakhala ndi singano zabwino kwambiri.Pines amasunganso singano zawo bwino.Ngakhale kuti paini wamtundu wathu woyera ndi wonunkhira kwambiri kuposa wa Scots (osati Scotch; ndi wa Santa) pine, wotsirizayo amaposa wakale, mwina chifukwa chakuti a Scots olimba amatha kunyamula zokongoletsa zambiri popanda nthambi zake kugwa.Sikuti ma spruce amakhala ndi nthambi zolimba, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi.Ma spruce sangakhale onunkhira ngati firs kapena pine, koma ndiabwino kwa iwo omwe amakonda mitengo ya singano yayifupi.

Ulendo wapachaka wosankha mtengo weniweni pamodzi wakhala wa mabanja ambiri, kuphatikizapo mgodi, mwambo wa tchuthi wokondedwa, nthawi yogwirizana.Mukudziwa, thermos yachizolowezi ya chokoleti yotentha;mwambo wa ana kutaya chimbalangondo chimodzi, ndi mkangano wolemekezeka kwa nthawi-ndikutanthauza kukambirana-za mtengo woti adule.Kununkhira kwabwino, ndi kukumbukira bwino.

Kuti musunge fungo labwino komanso kusunga singano, dulani "cookie" imodzi mpaka 2-inch kuchokera pansi musanayike mtengo wanu poyimilira, ndikudzaza mosungiramo masiku awiri aliwonse.Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimati zimawonjezera moyo wa singano sizigwira ntchito, choncho sungani ndalama zanu.Nyali za LED siziwumitsa singano monga momwe zimachitira kale, komanso zimakhala zosavuta pa bilu yanu yamagetsi.

Pitani ku www.christmastreesny.org/SearchFarm.php kuti mupeze famu yamitengo yomwe ili pafupi, ndipo zambiri zakuti anthu azikhala kwaokha angapezeke pa www.agriculture.ny.gov/AD/release.asp?ReleaseID=3821 Zambiri zokhudza nyali yowoneka bwino zaikidwa pa https https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/113303.html

Kaya muli ndi miyambo yotani, banja lanu, mabwenzi, ndi zomera zobiriwira zonse zikhale zamadzimadzi, zonunkhiritsa bwino komanso zikhale zokumbukira kwanthawi yayitali nyengo ya tchuthiyi.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Watertown yatsala pang'ono kukhala Mzinda wa Emerald, koma imeneyo si nkhani yabwino.Jefferson ndi Lewis posachedwapa adzakhala Emerald Counties, ndipo St. Lawrence County inayamba kusintha zaka ziwiri zapitazo.Tsoka ilo, kusintha kotereku sikukhala ndi mathero osangalatsa.

Mbalame yotchedwa emerald ash borer (EAB) ikapha phulusa, chinachake chimachitika chimene sichinachitikepo—mtengowo umakhala wosasunthika komanso wowopsa kwambiri, kuposa chilichonse chomwe takumana nacho ku North America izi zisanachitike.Atsogoleri a matauni, akuluakulu a DOT, eni matabwa, odula mitengo, alimi ndi oyang'anira minda ena akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino kuti akhale otetezeka komanso kupewa mangawa.

Itchani matenda kapena mliri, koma posachedwa ngakhale msewu wokongola kwambiri wokhala ndi mitengo komanso mitengo yosamalidwa bwino idzawoneka ngati chinthu chochokera ku nkhalango ya Fangorn yowopsa ya Tolkein mu Lord of the Rings trilogy.Mitengo yathu yaphulusa sidzabwezera, koma idzakhala yoopsa pazifukwa zina.

Mu Ogasiti 2017, anthu odzipereka odzipereka ophunzitsidwa ndi New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) adapeza phulusa la emerald mumsampha wa EAB m'tawuni ya St. Lawrence County ya Hammond, ndipo pambuyo pake chaka chomwecho, kuphulika kwakukulu kunapezeka pafupi ndi Massena. .Ankhalango ochokera ku St. Regis Mohawk Tribal Environment Division adatsimikiziranso EAB angapo ku Franklin County ku 2017.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwechi, odzipereka adatsekera EAB kumadera ena a kumpoto kwa NY, kuphatikizapo kumalire akumwera kwa Jefferson County.NYSDEC sinatulutsebe deta yomaliza kuchokera ku pulogalamu ya msampha ya 2018, koma tikuyembekeza zitsimikiziro m'madera ambiri.M’pomveka kuti mwina titatopa ndi kumva za kachilomboka koboola matabwa komanso mmene kadzawonongere mitengo ya phulusa.Kupatula apo, ma chestnuts ndi elms adamwalira ndipo dziko silinathe.Kusiyana kwake kuli pamlingo wa ngozi zomwe zachitika.

Nthawi zambiri mtengo wabwino ukaphedwa ndi tizilombo, matenda kapena kusefukira kwamadzi, umayima pamenepo zaka 5, 10 kapena kuposerapo.Ngati simunawonekere mkati mwa zaka 15, imagwedezeka, imayankhula za kusowa kwanu kwa ntchito, ndikugwedezeka.Ganizirani za mitengo yakufa m'mayiwewa omwe amaima kwa zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo ngati zisa za nkhanu pazipewa zawo zotungidwa.Nyamazi zitafafanizidwa ndi matenda a mgoza, panali malipoti oti nkhono zakufazo zinakhala zowongoka kwa zaka 30 kapena kuposerapo.

Koma emerald ash borer imakhala ndi zotsatira zachilendo pamitengo ya phulusa yomwe imapha.Phulusa lomwe limagonja ku EAB limakhala lowopsa pakangotha chaka chimodzi, ndipo pakangotha zaka ziwiri zokha, amayamba kulumphira pamagalimoto, magalimoto ndi mabasi odzaza ana asukulu.Izi zikutengera pang'ono, koma anthu ambiri avulala, ndipo nyumba zambiri ndi magalimoto zidawonongeka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa EAB.Ku Ohio, basi yasukulu idagundidwa ndi mtengo waukulu wa phulusa wophedwa ndi EAB, kuvulaza ophunzira 5 ndi dalaivala, ndikukwanira basi yonse.

Palibe amene akuwoneka kuti ali ndi kufotokozera kokwanira kwa kutayika kofulumira komanso kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zamatabwa, koma ndidutsa zomwe tikudziwa.Malingana ndi Davey Resource Group, nthambi yofunsira ndi kufufuza ya Davey Tree, kumeta ubweya wa nkhuni za phulusa kumachepa kasanu mtengowo utagwidwa ndi EAB.Mitengo imakhala yowopsa kwambiri kotero kuti Davey Tree sangalole okwera phulusa lililonse lomwe likuwonetsa kuchepa kwa 20% kapena kuposa.

M'mawu a Mike Chenail, International Society of Arboriculture Certified Arborist ku Pennsylvania, "Zowona ziwiri zimapangitsa mtengo wa phulusa wophedwa ndi EAB kukhala wowopsa kwambiri.EAB imadula kutuluka kwa madzi ndi zakudya mumtengo.Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga mabala otulukamo masauzande ambiri.Onse aŵiri amakonza chiwembu choumitsa mtengowo ndi kuufowoka.”

Imodzi mwa nkhani zake ndi yakuti nkhuni, yomwe ili kunja kwa matabwa, imauma mofulumira kwambiri.Popeza kuti mtengo wa sapwood ukhoza kukhala wokhuthala masentimita angapo, kuwuma mwadzidzidzi sikungawoneke ngati kochuluka.Jerry Bond, Consulting Urban Forester ndiponso amene kale anali Cornell Extension Educator, anandifotokozera zimenezi motere: “Maperesenti makumi asanu ndi anayi a mphamvu ya mtengowo amakhala kumtunda kwa thunthu la thunthu.”Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mtengo wa sapwood ukakhala wopanda mphamvu, mumtengo mulibe mphamvu zambiri.

Pakhoza kukhala mbali inanso pachithunzichi.Nkhani zochokera kwa olima mitengo ndi anthu ena ogwira ntchito zamitengo zimaloza ku kuvunda kopitilira muyeso kwamitengo ina ya phulusa yomwe idangogwidwa ndi nyengo imodzi yokha.Kufalikira kapena kufunika kwake sikudziwika.

Koma palibe chomwe chiri mfundo yake.Mfundo ndi yakuti iwo omwe amagwira ntchito kapena amathera nthawi yambiri m'nkhalango, ndipo aliyense amene ali ndi udindo woteteza ena ayenera kudziwa kuti EAB ikapha mitengo ya phulusa, amachita mosiyana.

Eni ake a Woodlot, Oyang'anira Town ndi Village, Mamembala a Town Board, NNY County Legislators, olima mitengo, alimi ndi ena omwe akufuna kuphunzira momwe angakonzekerere EAB akulimbikitsidwa kuti akakhale nawo pamwambo wodziwitsa za EAB womwe ukubwera ku Adams Municipal Building, 3 South Main Street, Adams, NY Lachitatu, Novembara 14, 2018 kuyambira 8:30 AM mpaka 12:00 PM.Owonetsera akuphatikiza oimira ochokera ku NYSDEC, National Grid ndi ena.Gawoli ndi laulere, koma chonde RSVP kwa Mike Giocondo muofesi yaying'ono ya NYSDEC Lowville pa (315) 376-3521 kapena [imelo yotetezedwa]

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ngati a Pilgrim akanadziwa kuti Thanksgiving idzakhala yayikulu bwanji ku America mosakayikira akanajambula zithunzi.Ngakhale menyu watayika kwa ife, ngakhale mbiri yapakamwa ya Wampanoag, kuphatikiza ma risiti ochepa a golosale a Pilgrim omwe adapezeka ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, akuwonetsa kuti panali chimanga, nyemba ndi sikwashi komanso mbalame ndi nyama zamtchire.Kupitirira apo pakhoza kukhala ma chestnuts, mapiko a dzuwa ("Yerusalemu" artichokes), cranberries ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba.

Olemba mbiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti a Pilgrim akadawonongeka m'nyengo yozizira ya 1620 ngati sichoncho chifukwa cha chakudya choperekedwa ndi a Wampanoags, omwe malo awo adawalanda.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1621, a Wampanoags adapatsa a Pilgrim mbewu za mbewu, komanso phunziro (mwina App; sitingathe kutsimikiza) pakupanga, kusunga ndi kusunga mbewu za chakudya kuphatikiza chimanga, nyemba, ndi sikwashi.

Kugwa kumeneko - sitikudziwa ngati kunali October kapena November - Amwendamnjira adathokoza chifukwa cha ulimi wa Native American, ndipo adakondwera ndi zabwino zake kwa masiku atatu molunjika.A Wampanoag mwina adayamika kuti kunalibe zombo zambiri zodzaza ndi Amwendamnjira m'chizimezime panthawiyo.

Balere anali mbewu yokhayo yochokera ku Ulaya imene a Pilgrim anakolola mu 1621. Mwatsoka, iwo ankaoneka kuti sanadziwe kuti akhoza kudyedwa.Koma chochititsa chidwi chinali chakuti panali mowa wambiri pa chakudya chamadzulo cha Thanksgiving.

Ngakhale chimanga, nyemba ndi sikwashi, "Alongo Atatu," anali, ndipo amalimidwa ndi anthu ambiri aku America, mbewu zina zakomweko zidzakongoletsa matebulo a Thanksgiving aku America chaka chino.Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi zokometsera ku kampani musanadye chakudya chamadzulo.Mtedza wosakanizidwa, aliyense?Mtedza ndi mbewu yomwe idamera kale ku America.Pecans ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa, nazonso.Ndipo aliyense amakonda tchipisi ta chimanga ndi dip, sichoncho?Tsabola zotentha (ndi zotsekemera) ndi tomato mu salsa ndi zakudya zaku America.Kukonda divi wopangidwa ndi mapeyala?Inde, chakudya china chakubadwa.N'chimodzimodzinso ndi popcorn.

Ma Turkeys, omwe adawetedwa ndi anthu am'deralo kalekale asanakumane ndi ku Europe, ndiwobadwa ku Dziko Latsopano.Mitundu yamakono ya turkeys yasankhidwa kukhala matupi olemera, koma ndi mitundu yofanana ndendende ndi nkhuku zathu zakutchire, zomwe zimayambira kum'mwera kwa Mexico kumpoto mpaka kum'mwera kwa Canada.

Koma zambiri za “zokonza” zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mayamiko amakono zimachokeranso ku New World.Msuzi wa kiranberi ndi chitsanzo chabwino (mtundu wofanana wa Vaccinium umapezeka kumpoto kwa Ulaya, koma zipatso zake ndi zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa mitundu ya cranberry yomwe imapezeka pano, yomwe tsopano yakhala ikuwetedwa padziko lonse lapansi).

Ndipo sikungakhale Thanksgiving popanda mbatata yosenda kuti zilowerere gravy.Mbatata zoyera (“Irish”) ndi mbewu za Dziko Latsopano, monganso mbatata.Titha kuthokoza Native American agronomists chifukwa cha nyemba zobiriwira ndi nyemba za Lima.Musaiwale za sikwashi—Amwenye anapanga mitundu yambiri ya sikwashi, kuphatikizapo Hubbard ndi butternut sikwashi, ndi maungu, amene mwaukadaulo amakhala sikwashi m’nyengo yachisanu.

Zomwe zimatifikitsa ku chitumbuwa cha dzungu cha Thanksgiving - ndikuganiza kuti pafupifupi aliyense amathokoza chifukwa cha chithandizocho.Palibe chomwe chimapita ndi chitumbuwa ngati ayisikilimu, chomwe sichichokera ku Dziko Latsopano, koma zokometsera zina zabwino ndizo.Mtedza wa Maple ndi umodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri ya ayisikilimu ku New England, mitundu iwiri yakukomedwa komweko komwe kumayendera limodzi motchuka.Ngakhale kuti sachokera Kumpoto chakum'mawa, vanila akuchokera ku America, momwemonso chokoleti.Ngati muwonjezera zokometsera monga sitiroberi kapena mabulosi abulu (ngakhale chinanazi) msuzi, mudzakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zaku America za mchere.

Ndikukufunirani nonse chiyamiko chosangalala komanso chathanzi, chodzaza ndi banja komanso kuyamikira.Mwa zina, tingakhale oyamikira kwa Amwenye ndi mbewu zawo.Koma chonde, musaimbe mlandu akatswiri azachuma a First-Nations ngati mukufuna kumasula lamba wanu kamodzi kapena kawiri pambuyo pake.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Pamene iye anawonekera koyamba zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu zapitazo, Superman ankanenedwa kukhala “wachangu kuposa chipolopolo chothamanga.”Zoonadi zipolopolo zina zimauluka mofulumira kuposa zina, koma mu 1938, maulendo apakati omwe amapezeka pafupifupi 400 mph kwa .38 apadera mpaka 580 mph kwa .45 automatic.Pokhala pachiwopsezo chokhala kumbali yoyipa ya Superman, ndimakayikira ngati angadutse kuzungulira kwamasiku ano kwa AR-15 .223 pa 2,045 mailosi pa ola.Komanso ndi wamkulu kwambiri tsopano.M'malo mwake, ndikudabwa ngati ali ndi peppy mokwanira kuti agwire chomera chothamanga.

Kuyang'ana kunja mwachangu kumatitsimikizira kuti zomera siziwoneka zoyenda, kapena ngati zili choncho, zimayenda pang'onopang'ono kuti zizindikire momwe zikuyendera.Chabwino, polingalira za mmene timazula namsongole, kudula udzu, ndi kudulira nthambi zamitengo.Zikadakhala kuti zomera zimatha kuchita nsanje pofuna kubwezera, palibe amene angagone bwino usiku.Zoona zake n’zakuti, zomera zimakonda kukhazikika.Mlimi aliyense akhoza kukuuzani kuti ngakhale slugs amatha kugwira zomera.Chifukwa chake zikuwoneka ngati zankhanza kunena kuti Man of Steel ndi wochedwa kuposa pamenepo.

Pali kusiyana pakati pa kuyenda mofulumira ndi kuyendayenda.Zomera zimatha kuzika mizu, koma si onse omwe amakhala chete.Ana ambiri amasangalala akakumana ndi mimosa, kapena chomera chovuta kumva.Tsamba lake likalikhudza, limapinda m'masekondi pang'ono mwadongosolo, ngati silinafulumire.Zomera za Mimosa zimaphunzira kuchokera kuzomwe zachitika, komabe, ndipo ngati mugwedeza tsamba mobwerezabwereza, pamapeto pake zimapuma kuti musachitepo kanthu kwa maola angapo.

Anthu a mibadwo yonse nthawi zambiri amakopeka ndi Venus flytrap, chomera chodya nyama chomwe chimatsekeka ndi tizilombo, kenako chimapanga thumba lopanda mpweya ndikusungunula ozunzidwawo mumimba yodzaza ndi asidi.Ngakhale dzina lake, ntchentcheyi imadya kwambiri nyerere ndi akangaude, kafadala ndi ziwala, koma ntchentche zochepa.Ndi ma reflexes othamanga kuposa mimosa, imatha kutseka msampha wake mu 100 milliseconds.

Ikhozanso kuwerengera.Tsitsi limodzi loyambitsanso likakhudzidwa, msamphawo umakhalabe wotseguka, koma tsitsi lachiwiri likalimbikitsidwa mkati mwa masekondi 20, msampha umatseka.Osakhutitsidwa ndi ntchitoyi, chomera chodyera nyama chotsatira chimawerengera zisanu.Ndiko kuti, pamafunikanso zoyambitsa tsitsi zisanu kuchokera ku kangaude wogwedera musanatseke chitsekerero cha airlock ndi kupopera mu hydrochloric acid.Ngati munakodwa m’nsagwada za chomera chachikulu chodya nyama, kumbukirani phunziro ili: Musavutike.Khalani chete kwa maola 12, ndipo nsagwada zidzatsegulanso.Mwalandilidwa.

Ntchentche za Venus zimapezeka m'madambo ofunda kumwera kwathu, koma tili ndi chomera chomwe chimauluka kwambiri kuposa flytrap.Dwarf dogwood kapena bunchberry ndi maluwa akutchire omwe amakonda kwambiri dothi lonyowa.Nthawi zina amapezeka m'magulu ngati mat, amakhala ndi masango a zipatso zofiira zowala, ndi maluwa omwe amachititsa manyazi NASA.Duwa la bunchberry limatsegulidwa mu 0.5 milliseconds, akuti limatulutsa mungu wake pa 2,000 mpaka 3,000 kuchulukitsa mphamvu yokoka (G), yomwe ingawononge wamlengalenga, yemwe nthawi zambiri samamva kupitilira 3G poyambitsa.Palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa chake mabulosi amachitira zimenezi, kusiyapo kungodzionetsera, chifukwa amamwa mungu wochokera ku mitundu yambiri ya njuchi.

Koma mtengo wa mabulosi oyera a mtundu wa zomerazi umakhala wothamanga kwambiri.Wobadwira ku China, wafalikira padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa ndi wofunikira pakuweta mbozi za silika, zomwe kwa zaka 4,000 zapitazi zakhala zikupanga silika wapadziko lonse (osati mbozi za silika zomwezo; sizikhala ndi moyo wautali choncho).Pamene mitengo ya mabulosi imakhala yabwino komanso yokonzeka, imatsegulidwa mu 25 microseconds kapena 0.025 milliseconds, kupititsa mungu wawo pafupifupi 350 mph, kupitirira theka la liwiro la phokoso.Mosiyana ndi bunchberry, mabulosi amapangidwa ndi mungu wochokera ndi mphepo, ndipo amatha kupindula ndi njira yake yophulitsira mungu.

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zimenezi n’zochititsa chidwi, palibe amene amamvetsa mmene zomera zimayendera mofulumira kwambiri moti kujambula kothamanga kwambiri sikungathe kujambula mokwanira zochitikazo.Chomwe timafunikira ndi munthu wothamanga kuposa chomera chothamanga kuti afufuzenso izi.Ndikudabwa ngati ngwazi yokalamba ikhoza kunyengedwa kuti achite izi.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Ngakhale tanthauzo lake lenileni silili pa nsonga ya lilime lanu, ambiri aliyense amatengeka pang'onopang'ono pa zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ndi mawu akuti biogas - pali biology yomwe ikukhudzidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi mpweya.Wina angaganize kuti ndi chisangalalo chomwe chili mu mlengalenga m'basi yonyamula gulu lodyera sauerkraut kunyumba pambuyo pa mpikisano wa sabata.Ena anganene kuti mpweya wa biogas ndi mawere a ng'ombe, kapena dzira lovunda lomwe limatuluka pamwamba pamene phazi lanu limira m'dambo.

Izi zonse ndi zitsanzo za biogas, amene wapangidwa makamaka methane, CH4, pa ndende kuyambira 50% mpaka 60 %.Methane ndi yoyaka kwambiri, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa gasi pakuwotcha kapena kuyendetsa injini zoyatsira mkati popanga magetsi ndi zinthu zina.Wopangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta anaerobic, ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuwirikiza ka 28 kuposa mpweya woipa womwe umatsekereza kutentha mumlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi.Mfundo yakuti ikhoza kukhala yothandiza ngati itamangidwa koma yoopsa ngati itatulutsidwa ndichifukwa chake tifunika kutchera mpweya wa biogas woperekedwa ndi zotayira, maenje a manyowa, ndipo tsiku lina, mwinanso ng'ombe.

Payokha, methane ilibe mtundu komanso yopanda fungo, koma nthawi zambiri imacheza ndi abwenzi osasangalatsa monga hydrogen sulfide, H2S, yomwe imayambitsa fungo la dzira lovunda lomwe timalumikizana ndi ma farts ndi mpweya wadambo.Sikuti mpweya wonse wa biogas uli wofanana-zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zotayiramo zimakhala ndi siloxane kuchokera kumafuta ndi zotsukira, ndipo magesi opangidwa ndi manyowa amatha kukhala ndi nitrous oxide, N2O.Siloxane, nitrous oxide, ndi mipweya ya hydrogen sulfide ndi poizoni pazambiri, ndipo zimawononga kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri amawotcha mopanda vuto akagwiritsidwa ntchito potentha, koma ayenera kuchotsedwa ngati mafuta a biogas agwiritsidwa ntchito popangira injini.

Monga tanenera, methane imachitika pamene zinthu zamoyo zimawola m'malo opanda okosijeni.Izi zidadzetsa kuphulika kwa mpweya wambiri wa biogas m'malo otayirako ku US ndi Europe, makamaka m'ma 1960 ndi 1970s, ngakhale kuti zochitika zingapo ngati izi ku England m'ma 1980 zidalimbikitsa malamulo okhwima m'dzikolo okhudza kutolera mpweya wamagetsi.Kuphulika kwa mabomba kumalo otayirako kumachepetsedwa kwambiri masiku ano, koma zikuchitikabe.Malo otayirapo ku Walt Disney World ku Orlando adayaka moto mu 1998. Mu 2006, Asilikali a US (omwe sali omasuka ku malamulo ambiri a chilengedwe) adasamutsa mabanja khumi ndi awiri pafupi ndi malo ake akale ku Fort Meade, Maryland chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa methane.

Ngakhale zimapereka phindu ngati kupanga magetsi, kutulutsa biogas yotayira m'nthaka ndikofunikira paumoyo ndi chitetezo.Koma mpweya wa biogas umapangidwanso mwadala mu chinthu chotchedwa methane digester, chomwe ndimaganiza kuti ndi mawu ena otanthauza ng'ombe.Ngakhale zili ndi dzina, zinthu izi sizigaya methane.M'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito ndowe za nyama, zinyalala za m'tauni, zinyalala za m'nyumba, ndi zinthu zina zamoyo kupanga methane, yomwe yambiri ikanatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.

Njira yofunika kwambiri ndi iyi: chopondera chopanda mpweya chimadzazidwa ndi manyowa a nyama kapena chilichonse chomwe mumakonda, ndipo pambuyo pa gawo la 4 la bakiteriya komanso nthawi ina mumatha ndi "digested" slurry yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito feteleza, ndi biogas.Ukadaulo wa Digester utha kugwira ntchito kuchokera kumakampani akuluakulu mpaka kuchipinda chaching'ono chakuseri komwe kumayendera zinyalala zapakhomo.

Pafupifupi 60% methane, digester biogas ndi mafuta abwino kuposa biogas otayira, omwe amakhala pafupifupi 50% CH4.Gasi wochokera mu digester atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophikira kapena kutenthetsa, koma ayenera kukonzedwa asanagwiritsidwe ntchito zina.Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa injini zoyatsira mkati, gasi wopangidwa ndi biogas, yemwe ndi pafupifupi methane yeniyeni, akhoza kubayidwa mu gridi ya gasi, kapena kupanikizidwa ndi kugulitsidwa kumisika yakutali.

Masiku ano, alimi a ziweto akulimbikitsidwa kuti akhazikitse ma methane digesters ngati njira yowonjezerapo yopezera ndalama kapena kuchepetsa ndalama zowotcha.Digests zimachepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo manyowa opangidwa mu digester amasunga nayitrogeni wochulukirapo kuposa manyowa osungidwa m'madzi opanda mpweya.Si opaleshoni yaubongo, koma pali njira yophunzirira, komanso zolowa zantchito.Lingaliroli likuchirikizidwa tsopano, koma siliri latsopano.

Anthu a ku China akhala akugwira nawo ntchito yogaya chakudya cha methane kuyambira cha m’ma 1960, ndipo m’ma 1970 anagawira alimi zinthu ngati 6 miliyoni zogaya m’nyumba.Pakali pano, zogaya m’nyumba n’zofala ku India, Pakistan, Nepal, ndi mbali zina za Afirika.Padziko lonse lapansi, Germany ndi yomwe imapanga mpweya wabwino kwambiri ku Ulaya, ndipo ili ndi zomera zokwana 6,000 zopangira magetsi.Germany ilinso ndi zolimbikitsa komanso zothandizira alimi ndi ena kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa digester.

Cryo Pur, kampani yaku France yomwe ili ku Palaiseau, kunja kwa Paris, posachedwapa yapanga njira imodzi yochotsera CO2 ndi zonyansa zina kuchokera ku biogas pogwiritsa ntchito cryogenics.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, mpweya wa biogas umasungunuka, zomwe zimalola kuti zitumizidwe mosamala kwambiri.

Cornell Cooperative Extension ikhala ndi msonkhano wozama wamafamu ang'onoang'ono a biogas m'nyengo yozizira ino.Kalasiyo idzabwerezedwa pamasiku atatu osiyana pa Cornell Cooperative Extension Learning Farm, 2043 State Highway 68, Canton.Ngakhale ikuyang'ana minda yaing'ono ya mkaka, olima ziweto & ulimi wamaluwa, komanso omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi njira zina zopangira mphamvu ndi olandiridwa.Ophunzira atha kusankha limodzi mwa masiku atatuwa: Lachitatu, Disembala 5, 2018 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM, Lachinayi, February 7, 2019, 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM, kapena Lachitatu, Marichi 6, 2019, 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM.

Maphunziro ndi aulere ndipo amaphatikizapo ndalama zochepa komanso chakudya.Kulembetsa ndikofunikira.Kuti mulembetse kapena kuti mudziwe zambiri, imbani Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County pa (315) 379-9192.

Mutha kuphunzira zonse za ma methane digester ang'onoang'ono, koma kwa kudziwa kwanga palibe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito payekha.Ngati mwadya kwambiri sauerkraut muyenera kusiya chimbudzi kuti chiziyenda bwino.Kutali ndi ena, chonde.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Mkazi wanga wa francophone nthawi zambiri amasekedwa ndikayamba kuphunzira la langue, monga nthawi yomwe ndinanena connard nditatanthauza canard.Kwa olankhula Chingelezi cha chinenero chimodzi kunja uko, canard amatanthauza bakha, pamene mawu ofanana ndi connard ndi mawu omwe amagwirizana ndi "spithead," ndipo simukufuna kuti ana anu anene.Koma pamene mallards ndi abakha ena amadzimadzi amakhudzidwa, awiriwa ndi ogwirizana.The drake (mwamuna) akhoza kukhala connard mtheradi nthawi zina.

Mfundo ya Darwin yakuti “kupulumuka kwa amphamvu koposa” sikuti nthaŵi zonse imanena za amene amapambana mkangano wa nyanga kapena mpikisano wolimbana ndi mkono.Kulimbitsa thupi kumatanthauza kukhala woyenerera bwino malo omwe munthu amakhala kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali wokwanira kuberekana ndipo motero kupatsira DNA yake.Koposa zonse, kumatanthauza kukhala wololera.

Mbalameyi, yomwe mwina ndi bakha wodziwika kwambiri ku North America, wokhala ndi mutu wobiriwira wonyezimira, bilu walalanje wonyezimira komanso kolala yoyera, akhoza kukhala amtundu wabwino kwambiri kuposa onse.M’malo mwake, katswiri wa zamoyo pa yunivesite ya Alberta Lee Foote anawatcha “Chevy Impala ya abakha.”Kwa omwe sanakwanitse zaka 30, Impala yomwe kale inkapezeka paliponse inali yopangira zonse, pafupifupi sedan yoteteza zipolopolo.

Wabadwa ku North ndi Central America, Eurasia ndi North Africa, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) adayambitsidwa ku South America, Australia, New Zealand, ndi South Africa.Itha kukhala yothandiza kwambiri kuposa Impala.Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature, gulu lodzipereka pantchito yosamalira zachilengedwe, likutchula (bakha, osati galimoto) kukhala “mitundu yosadetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri.”Kutchulidwa kumeneku kukumveka ngati kosasangalatsa, koma pali nkhawa m'madera monga South Africa ndi New Zealand, kumene mallards ayamba kuukira.

Mosiyana ndi magalimoto, kumene mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi yabwino koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yaulere, mitundu yosakanizidwa ya mallard ndiyofala kwambiri moti abakha ena posachedwapa amatha kutha ngati mitundu yawo.Nthawi zambiri, chodziwika bwino cha zamoyo ndi chakuti sichimatha kuwoloka ndi mitundu ina kuti ibereke ana, kapena osabereka.Mallards, mwachiwonekere, sanawerenge mabukuwo.Ine ndimadana nazo pamene chilengedwe chimachita izo.

Mallards nthawi zambiri amagonana ndi abakha akuda aku America, komanso amaswana ndi mitundu ina pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri, nthawi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya zamoyo ziwonongeke kapena kutsala pang'ono kutha.Malinga ndi Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), "Motsatira zake [za kuswana kwa mallard], bakha waku Mexico sakuonedwanso ngati zamoyo ndipo kutsala 5% ya abakha aimvi osasakanizidwa ku New Zealand."

Abakha ena adachita monyanyira, akumachita nawo zachiwawa za X, zachiwawa.Amuna amphongo amatha kukhala ndi mamembala aatali kuposa matupi awo, zomwe zimayika zinthu moyenera kwa ife anyamata.Komanso, ma mallard drake angapo amatsatizana ndi nkhuku iliyonse, nthawi zina nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimachititsa kuvulala kapena (kawirikawiri) kufa kwa yaikazi.

Izi zikuwoneka ngati njira yoyipa yoyendetsera zamoyo, ma drakes amapha nkhuku.Koma pali zomveka kwa izo.Azimayi awonedwa akusonkhanitsa abakha omwe amawoneka kuti alibe chilichonse chochita bwino.Chifukwa chomwe nkhuku ya mallard imatha kuwononga macheza kuti imutsatire zimagwirizana ndi nthawi ya moyo.Mosiyana ndi atsekwe aku Canada, omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala zaka 10 mpaka 25 m'chilengedwe, mallards amtchire amakhala ndi moyo wazaka 3-5.Izi zikutanthauza kuti akazi ambiri, omwe amayamba kuswana ali ndi zaka ziwiri, amagonana kamodzi kokha m'moyo wawo.Kupangana kangapo kumapangitsa kuti mazira a nkhuku akhale ndi chonde.

Ndipo abakha asungwana ali ndi njira yachinsinsi - nkhuku ikangopeza chidwi cha anyamata, imatha kutenga bakha.Ngati mwamuna samukomera iye, amawongolera mbolo ya wotayikayo mpaka kumapeto kwa nyini mpaka atamaliza, kukopana kwabodza.Drake wamwayi adzaloledwa kupita mayadi asanu ndi anayi onse.Ndiye kunena—ine ndikukayika kuti ndiutali choncho.

Mwachiwonekere, mallards safuna thandizo lathu kupeza chakudya.Nthawi zambiri si lingaliro labwino (ndipo malamulo apafupi angaletse) kudyetsa mbalame za m'madzi, zomwe zingawonjezere kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi matenda, ngakhale ena omwe angakhudze anthu.Zomwe zimatchedwa "kuyabwa kwa osambira," tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatha kupha anthu opita kunyanja, ndi ochepa kwambiri mwa iwo.Bungwe la GISD likuti “… imagwirizanitsa mbalame zakutchire, nyama zapakhomo, ndi anthu zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda."

Kutalika kwa nthawi yochepa ya mallards kunapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale ndi njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo khalidwe lankhanza.Anthufe tilibe chowiringula chotero.Zingakhale zakuda ngati tingavomereze kuti tisamachite ngati connard, koma izi sizowona m'dziko lovuta.Mwina tingayese kuti tizilankhula zilankhulo ziwiri.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Mutu wanzeru za nyama ukabwera, tingatsutse ngati khwangwala kapena mbalame ya parrot ndi yochenjera kwambiri, kapena ngati ma dolphin ndi anzeru kuposa manatees.Kaŵirikaŵiri sitinena zanzeru ku zinthu zamoyo monga tizilombo, zomera kapena bowa.Ndipo n’zosowa ndithu kuti timakayikira ukulu wathu wanzeru pakati pa nyama.Ndizowona kuti palibe zamoyo zina zomwe zingaloze ku zinthu zazikuluzikulu monga Colosseum, mvula ya asidi, mpweya wa mitsempha ndi mabomba a atomiki.Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti zamoyo zina ndi za mbalame.Kulankhula mophiphiritsa.

Ndizomveka kuti njovu ndi anamgumi ndi ana a whiz, chifukwa cha kukula kwa mitu yawo.Kutengera ndi zamoyo, ubongo wa whale umalemera pakati pa 12 ndi 18 pounds (5.4-8 kg.), ndipo cranium ya Dumbo imatha kukwera pafupifupi ma 11 lbs.(5.1kg).Poyerekeza ndi iwo, ubongo wathu wolemera makilogalamu 1.3 ndi mbatata yaing’ono.Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ubongo wa zinyama ndi magulu ena a nyama ndi neocortex, dera lakutali la ubongo lomwe limagwira ntchito zapamwamba monga chinenero ndi kuganiza kosamveka.

Koma kukula si chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimawerengedwa.Ma neocortices athu, mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri, amakhala osokonezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti timapanga chilichonse kukhala chovuta kwambiri kuposa chofunikira.Kwenikweni, convolution imapatsa ubongo wathu malo ochulukirapo ndi kuchuluka kwake - ngati kuti Texas ndi chiguduli ndipo idakulungidwa mpaka kukula kwa Vermont.Maekala ambiri angagwirizane ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ngati sikunali kanthu koma zigwa ndi mapiri.Dera lalikululi likufanana ndi mphamvu zambiri zogwirira ntchito kuposa ubongo wosapindika kwambiri ngati wa namgumi.

Kutha kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida, ndikuzinyamula kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolo, ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zovomerezeka za luntha.Kale, anthu ankaganiza kuti ndi anthu okha komanso achibale athu apamtima omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo.Anyani a gorila ku Borneo amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo poombera nsomba zam'madzi, ndipo anyani a m'zigwa za kumadzulo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ndodo kuti ayeze kuya kwa madzi.Nthaŵi zina, gorila anagwiritsa ntchito chipika kupanga mlatho wowoloka mtsinje.Ndikuganiza kuti akayamba kulipiritsa ndalama, tikadawapatsa ulemu wochulukirapo.

Posachedwapa nzeru za ma cephalopods monga cuttlefish, squid ndi octopodes zalembedwa.Octopodes adawonedwa akufunafuna zipolopolo za kokonati zomwe zatayidwa ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba zachifumu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana momwe angabisaliremo.Ngati luso lawo ndi zida likupita patsogolo, ndikubetchera kuti atha kuluka sweti yodabwitsa posachedwa.

Mbalame nazonso zimagwiritsa ntchito zida — khwangwala, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo kumenya nsikidzi zomwe sangathe kuzifikira.Tizilomboti tikaluma ndodoyo, khwangwala amakoka ndodoyo n’kudya nsikidziyo.Anthu nthawi zonse ankaganiza kuti mbalame sizinali zanzeru kwambiri chifukwa ubongo wawo umalemera magalamu angapo, ndipo umachokera ku kukula kwa nandolo mpaka kukula kwa mtedza.Chabwino, tinkayenera kudya khwangwala, chifukwa ubongo wa mbalame ndi wochuluka kwambiri kuposa ubongo wa zinyama.Zili ngati tikuyerekeza ubongo wa mbalame ndi ubongo waukulu wa vacuum-chubu wa munthu ndi kuseka, pamene kwenikweni mbalame zambiri zimayesa molingana ndi anyani kuti apeze luntha.

Tikudziwa kuti njuchi zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa kuvina kwa njuchi polankhulana wina ndi mzake za malo omwe ali ndi maluwa ndi picnickers.Njuchi zathu zakubadwa zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi imodzi pa iwo.Mu 2016, ofufuza a ku Queen Mary University ku London adapeza kuti njuchi zimaphunzira m'mphindi zochepa chabe kugudubuza kampira kakang'ono kabowo kakang'ono kuti alandire mphotho ya madzi a shuga.Ndikuganiza kuti ofufuzawo ali otanganidwa ndi masewera a gofu a bumblebee.

Ngakhale masamba amatha kuphunzira zidule zatsopano.Zoyeserera zawonetsa mayankho a Pavlovian pomwe kuwala ndi zokopa zina zimaperekedwa palimodzi kuchokera kosiyanasiyana.Zomera zimamera molunjika komwe kuli kuwala.Koma nyaliyo itazimitsidwa, zomerazo zinkapendekeka n’kumayang’ananso zinthu zina zochititsa chidwi, monga mmene agalu a Pavlov ankakodzera mate atamva mabelu.Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi yatchuthi ya dzinja inali yokhumudwitsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi drool pooch.

Anthu, anyani, agologolo, mbalame, nsikidzi, ndi zomera—palibe kwina koti apite koma kutsika.Lowani mu nkhungu ya plasmodial slime, chamoyo chomwe chimayenda pang'onopang'ono chokhala ndi selo limodzi chomwe chimatha kuyang'ana malo, kupeza chakudya chabwino kwambiri, ndikuchimeza, chikukulirakulirabe.Ikubwera posachedwa kumalo owonetsera zisudzo pafupi ndi inu.Imamveka ngati filimu ya sci-fi, ndipo nsonga ya pinki, yachikasu kapena yoyera, mwina sikweya yadi m'derali, imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango zokhala ndi mithunzi, koma amatha kuwonekera pabedi lanu lamaluwa, ndipo mnzawo adatumiza chithunzi cha nkhungu yamatope yomwe idameza mowa wake wopanda kanthu womwe udasiyidwa usiku wonse.

Ofufuza adapeza kuti nkhungu ya plasmodial slime imagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ovuta kupanga zisankho - zomveka, zimakhala - zokhudzana ndi njira yoti ipitirire pamene ikudutsa malo.Mmodzi mwa ofufuza otsogolera mu kafukufuku wa 2015 ndi Simon Garnier, Pulofesa Wothandizira wa Biology ku New Jersey Institute of Technology.Ananenanso kuti "[kuwerenga nkhungu za slime] kumatsutsa malingaliro athu omwe tinali nawo kale azinthu zochepa zachilengedwe zomwe zimafunikira pakuchita zinthu mwaukadaulo."

Mwina ndi nthawi yoti tipereke chidwi kwambiri kwa abale athu omwe si anthu.Ndikukhulupirira kuti ali ndi zambiri zoti atiphunzitse.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Kadamsana wathunthu ndi wofala kwambiri kuposa kuchotsedwa mwachangu kwa mbewu zatsopano zomwe zawononga mbewu, koma zala zimadutsana kuti izi zidachitika ku St. Lawrence County chilimwe chino.Kutha kwa zomera, ndikutanthauza-ife tonse tikudziwa za chochitika chakumwamba mu July wapitawo, kadamsana woyamba wa mwezi kuyambira June 2011. Chifukwa cha maso akuthwa a Dr. Tony Beane, Pulofesa wa Veterinary Science ku SUNY Canton yemwenso ndi wokonda zachilengedwe, mpesa wachilendo womwe ungathe kuwononga minda ndi nkhalango wachotsedwa mkati mwa milungu ingapo kuchokera ku kutsimikiziridwa kwake kudera la Ogdensburg.

Zomwe zimatchedwa porcelain berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), palibe mawu oti "brev" pa dzina lachilatini, kapena chizolowezi cha kakulidwe, cha mpesa wankhanzawu womwe umatha kuphimba zomera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, kupha mbewu zakubadwa ndikuletsa kubadwanso.Ndiloletsedwa m'maboma ambiri, ndipo lalembedwa kuti "Zoletsedwa Zanyama" ndi New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), kutanthauza kuti "singakhale mwadala ndi cholinga chogulitsa, kuitanitsa, kugula, kunyamula kapena kuyambitsa. ”Zachisoni, kusaka pa intaneti kumaperekabe zotsatsa zambiri kuti mugule mpesawu, ngakhale "zosokoneza" zikuwonjezedwa pazosaka.

Kupezeka kwa mabulosi adothi kumpoto kwa NY kunatumizidwa ku St. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management (SLELO PRISM), gulu la magulu osamalira zachilengedwe, mabungwe osamalira nthaka, ndi mabungwe aboma m'magulu osiyanasiyana omwe cholinga chawo ndi kuchepetsa. kuwononga chuma ndi chilengedwe chifukwa cha zomera, tizilombo, ndi zamoyo za m’madzi.Pamaso pa Dr.Lipoti la Beane, Gulu Lofufuza Loyamba la SLELO PRISM linayendera malo, ndipo zomera zawonongeka.Gululi likukonzekera kupanga maulendo obwereza muzaka zingapo zikubwerazi kuti liwone kukulanso.

Wobadwira ku Japan ndi madera ena a kumpoto kwa China, mabulosi adothi adabweretsedwa ku US cha m'ma 1870 ngati zokongoletsera.Zimagwirizana ndi mphesa zathu zakutchire, zomwe zimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta.Mosiyana ndi mtengo wamphesa, womwe uli ndi khungwa lotumbululuka, lotupa komanso lofiirira, mpesa wa porcelain berry umakhala ndi khungwa losalala, lokhala ndi lenticeled (loyipa likakalamba koma losatuluka), komanso loyera.Zipatso zolimba, zamitundumitundu, zomwe zimatchedwa kukula kuchokera ku lavenda kupita ku zobiriwira mpaka zabuluu wowala pamene zimapsa, ndipo sizimagwa ngati mphesa, koma zimakhazikika.Masamba a porcelain mabulosi nthawi zambiri amakhala ozama 5-lobes poyerekeza ndi masamba a mphesa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala a 3-lobed osati ozama kwambiri, koma izi zimasiyana kwambiri ndipo ndizosazindikira bwino.

Ngakhale kuti kuthetsedwa kwa mitundu ina ya zamoyo zimene sizinachitikepo m’mbuyomo ku North Country n’kolimbikitsa, anthu akulimbikitsidwa kuyang’anira mabulosi adothi.Zipatso zake zimadyedwa ndi mbalame, ndipo mbewu zochokera kwa anthu odziwikawa zikadatha kutengedwa kupita kumalo ena kumpoto kwa NYS.Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwapeza chomerachi, chonde nenani ku Cornell Cooperative Extension kapena ofesi ya NYSDEC yapafupi.Mndandanda wathunthu wa Mitundu Yolamulidwa ndi Yoletsedwa ya NYSDEC ikupezeka pa dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/isprohibitedplants2.pdf.Kuti mumve zambiri za kuwongolera zowononga ku St. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario dera, pitani ku sleloinvasives.org

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Kubzala mtengo si sayansi ya rocket, chomwe ndi chinthu chabwino.Zikadakhala zovuta chonchi, ndikadakhala kuti tidakhala ndi mitengo yocheperako m'misewu yathu.Sizingatengere wasayansi kuti abzale mtengo molondola, koma ndalama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse kugula ndi kubzala mitengo yomwe ingabwerekenso, chifukwa idzakhala ndi moyo wochepa chabe wa moyo wawo.

Mitengo ikatsika ndi kufa pakatha zaka 15, 20, kapena ngakhale 30, chinthu chomaliza chomwe timakayikira ndikubzala mosasamala.Ngakhale mitengo yamitengo ngati phulusa lamapiri ndi birch imakhala ndi moyo waufupi mwachilengedwe, mapulo a shuga kapena oak wofiira ayenera kukhala zaka zana kapena kuposerapo.Komabe nthawi zambiri, zamoyo zomwe zakhalapo nthawi yayitali zimatha zaka makumi awiri chifukwa zidabzalidwa "mwachangu komanso zauve."Mutha kupeza zitsanzo za mitengo yomwe ikucheperachepera ngati zaka zakubadwa pakukula kwa nyumba, makamaka m'njira zazikulu momwe makontrakitala adalowa m'malo mwa mitengo yodulidwa kuti akonzere misewu.Munthu angaganizirenso zobwereketsa mitengo yotere, osati kugula.

Kubzala mozama kumayambitsa mtengo wodwala, womwe nthawi zambiri umapita kutha mwadzidzidzi.Mtengo uliwonse umabwera ndi "depth gauge" yothandiza yotchedwa trunk flare, yomwe iyenera kuwoneka pamwamba pa nthaka yoyambirira.Kubzala mozama kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu azaumoyo.Kwa mtengo, makamaka.Nayi nthabwala ya obzala mitengo: Kodi dzenje lakuya lakuya la mtengo mumatcha chiyani?Manda ake.

Kutengera ma druthers awo, mizu yamitengo imakulitsa ka 2-3 kutalika kwa nthambi, kapena mzere wodontha, koma 90% yaiwo ikhala pamwamba pa 10” yadothi.Kuti ziwonetsere izi, dzenje lobzala liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi mbale komanso kuwirikiza ka 2-3 kukula kwa mizu, koma osazamanso.Apo ayi, Apolisi Odzala adzakupatsani tikiti.Chabwino ndi zopeka, koma ngati arborist abwera, iye akhoza kunyansidwa mochititsa mantha.

Mtengo ukakumbidwa mu nazale, mizu yake yambiri imadulidwa ndi khasu lomwe amaukumba.Mawu akuti transplant shock amatanthauza kutayika koopsa kwa mizu.N’zachidziŵikire kuti mitengo imatha kupulumuka ikabzalidwa, koma iyenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera kuti mizu ikamerenso.Ndikofunikira kuti mizu ya woyikapo ilowe m'nthaka yozungulira, chifukwa chotchinga pang'ono chingawapangitse kutembenukira kumbali kukafunafuna potseguka.Dothi loumbika—lofala m’misewu—komanso dongo lolemera ndi zitsanzo.

Ngakhale kubisala mozungulira muzu wa muzu kwawonetsedwa kuti kumapangitsa kuti mizu izungulire mkati mwa nsalu.Mawaya ozungulira burlap amatha kukhala zaka makumi ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa mavuto ena pamene mizu ikukulirakulira.Mtengo ukangofika mozama mu dzenje, chotsani mikwingwirima yonse komanso khola la waya kumitengo ya mpira-ndi-burlap.Mizu ya mitengo yobzalidwa m'chidebe iyenera kunyozedwa molunjika.Ngati ndi kotheka, aduleni kuti achite izi.M'kupita kwa nthawi, mizu yozungulira imakula m'mimba mwake ndikumangirirana.Ena amatha kukhala mizu yomangirira yomwe imakhota thunthu, pang'onopang'ono kapena kwathunthu, pansi pa nthaka, ndipo zizindikiro za kupsinjika maganizo monga mtundu wa kugwa koyambirira ndi kufa kwa nthambi zimawonekera.

Kusankha ndikofunikira.Monga ana, mitengo imawoneka yokongola mukawabweretsa kunyumba kuchokera ku nazale, koma imatha kukula mwachangu ndikutenga malo ochulukirapo kuposa momwe mumayembekezera.Ngati malo ali pansi pa mawaya kapena ali ndi malo ochepa a nthambi, muyenera kusankha mtundu ndi mitundu yomwe imatha kukula mokwanira popanda kuyambitsa mikangano.Sankhani mtengo wokhazikika m'dera lanu - masitolo ena amatha kunyamula mitengo yosagwirizana ndi nyengo yomwe mukukhala.Ndipo si mitengo yonse yomwe imakhala ndi dzuwa.Mapulo amatha kuima pang'ono pamthunzi, koma nkhanu yomwe ili ndi mthunzi imatha kukhala ndi nkhanu.Pomaliza, mitengo monga hawthorn, hackberry ndi khofi waku Kentucky ili ndi chidwi chokongola mu dormancy, poganizira nyengo yathu yayitali.

Ndi dothi lamchenga kwambiri kapena ladongo lolemera, zinthu zokhala ndi organic zocheperako zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kudzaza.Koma kupitirira 30% ndi voliyumu kungayambitse "teacup effect," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yovuta.Feteleza ndizovuta pamitengo yatsopano, choncho dikirani osachepera chaka.M'nthaka yathanzi, mitengo singafune feteleza wamalonda.

Madzi pamene mukubwezeretsanso, gwedeza nthaka ndi ndodo kapena chogwirira cha fosholo kuti muchotse matumba akuluakulu a mpweya.Pokhapokha ngati malo ali ndi mphepo yamkuntho, ndibwino kuti musakhomedwe mitengo - imafunika kusuntha kuti mitengo ikuluikulu ikule.Kuyika mulching 2-4 mainchesi pamwamba pa malo obzala (osakhudza thunthu) kumathandizira kusunga chinyezi ndi kupondereza udzu.

Ndi mtengo womwewo ndi kuyesetsa, ndizotheka kubzala chitsanzo chomwe zidzukulu zathu zingaloze ndi kunyada.Kapena, titha kubzala mtengo womwewo womwe umatulukamo tisanapume.Ndi nkhani ya homuweki pang'ono, ndi chidwi ku mfundo zochepa.Palibe sayansi ya rocket, mwamwayi.

Ngati mukufuna kuphunzira mmene mungabzalitsire mitengo imene zidzukulu zanu zingaloze monyadira, chonde lowani nawo St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District and Cornell Cooperative Extension Loweruka, October 13 kuyambira 9 koloko mpaka masana ku Canton’s Bend-In- The-River Park ku 90 Lincoln Street kwa msonkhano wa kubzala ndi kusamalira mitengo.Kalasiyo ndi yaulere ndipo ndi yotseguka kwa anthu onse, koma kulembetsatu kumafunsidwa.Kuti mulembetse kapena kudziwa zambiri, imbani foni Aaron Barrigar ku St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District pa (315) 386-3582.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Mitundu yambiri ya nightshade ndi yotetezeka komanso yokoma, ndipo imayenda bwino mu masangweji ndi sauces.Ochepa ndi akupha, ophwanyidwa makamaka ndi achifwamba, koma ambiri amakhala otuwa pakati pa zigawenga ziwirizi.Padziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 2,700 ya banja la nightshade, lotchedwa solanaceae ku Latin geeks.Gululi lili ndi mbewu zokoma monga tomato, mbatata, biringanya, tsabola, ndi tomatillos.Amapangidwanso ndi ena mwa anthu otchulidwa pamthunzi monga jimsonweed ndi nightshade wakufa zomwe zadzetsa chipwirikiti ndi imfa, mwangozi komanso mwadala, m'mbiri yonse.

Ma nightshades amapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica, ngakhale kuti Australia ndi South America ndizosiyana kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa zamoyo.Fodya ndi imodzi mwazakudya zofunika kwambiri pazachuma, pomwe achibale ena, mwachitsanzo, petunias ndi nyali zaku China, zimakometsera mayadi athu.Mitundu yambiri ya nightshades ndi zamoyo zakutchire, zina zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero amankhwala kwazaka zambiri.

Zikuwoneka kuti mawu oti "sumac" amatsogozedwa ndi "poizoni" m'malingaliro a anthu ambiri, zomwe ndi zomvetsa chisoni chifukwa sumac zonse zomwe timaziwona m'mphepete mwa misewu ndi m'mipanda zilibe vuto lililonse.Poison sumac, yomwe imafuna madzi oyimirira, ndi chitsamba chonyezimira chokhala ndi zipatso zoyera.Zitha kuyambitsa totupa ngati ivy, koma ndi mitundu yachilendo.Mokulirapo, aliyense amaganiza kuti mawu akuti "nightshade" nthawi zonse amabwera pambuyo pa liwu loti "zakufa."

Mwachiwonekere, gawo lina lavuto ndi limodzi la malonda."Nyeni" wakufa nightshade (Atropa belladonna) ndi woyenera dzina lake.Mabulosi amodzi amatha kupha mwana, ndipo zipatso 8-10 kapena tsamba limodzi ndizokwanira kupha munthu wamkulu.Kupha mwangozi kumachitika chifukwa zipatso zofiirira zomwe zimakhala ndi zisoti zimakoma, ndipo zimatha kudyedwa ndi ana kapena akulu.Chomeracho chagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwadala monga njira yophera adani andale ndi okwatirana osakhulupirika.Nthawi imodzi, gulu lonse la asilikali linaphwanyidwa ndi vinyo wotsekemera wothira ndi A. belladonna mabulosi Tingafinye (chidziwitso chothandiza: musalole zakumwa za adani kapena anthu ena omwe simukuwadziwa bwino).

Komabe, nightshade wakupha amakonda nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha, ndipo sizidziwika kuti zimachitika kumpoto kwa NY.Chimene timachitcha kuti "nightshade yakufa" ndi mtundu wa nightshade wowawa kwambiri, Solanum dulcamara, womwe njere zake zimakhala ndi poizoni pang'ono.Koma tili ndi nightshade yoopsa, jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) yomwe imadziwikanso kuti devil-apulo kapena mad-apulo.Mbali zonse za zomera ndi poizoni, koma makamaka mbewu.Wachibadwidwe ku Mexico ndi Central America, udzu wobiriwira wapachaka uwu umakhala ndi maluwa aatali kwambiri, oyera, ooneka ngati funnel ndi makoko owoneka modabwitsa, ndipo umapezeka msipu ndi minda yamkhola.

Ma nightshades onse amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa atropine, scopolamine, ndi mankhwala ena omwe pang'onopang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala, koma amakhala owopsa kwambiri akamamwa mokulirapo.M'malire ochepa kwambiri, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosangalatsa.Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti, poizoni wina amayamba chifukwa cha anthu omwe amamwa A. belladonna, D. stramonium, ndi ma nightshades omwe ali ndi mankhwala oterowo molakwika poganiza kuti akhoza kukwera.Chomera chomwe chili pamalo amodzi chikhoza kukhala chapoizoni mochulukirachulukira ngati mtundu womwewo womwe ukumera pamalo ena, ndipo palibe njira ina kunja kwa kafukufuku wa labu yodziwira.

Khungu la mbatata zomwe zakhala zikuwunikira zimasanduka zobiriwira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mfundo zapoizoni zachuluka.Zowopsa ndizochepa, koma kuti mukhale otetezeka izi ziyenera kutayidwa.Mankhwalawa amatha kulowa m'thupi, ndipo kuchotsa magawo obiriwira sikokwanira kuthetsa chiopsezo kwa makanda kapena okalamba.Momwemonso, palibe chowopsa pakudya pang'ono kwa phwetekere kapena tsamba la mbatata, koma ngati ana ali ndi nkhawa, atumize mafunso onse kumalo oletsa poyizoni.Sangalalani ndi masamba anu a nightshade, koma pewani pamthunzi.

Paul Hetzler ndi wa nkhalango komanso mphunzitsi wa ulimi wamaluwa ndi zachilengedwe ndi Cornell Cooperative Extension ya St. Lawrence County.

Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-27-2020