Semunhu ane basa rekubatsira kuchengetedza miti, ndinoona zvichishamisa kuti mune zvese zviitiko ndiri kuiponesa kubva kwatiri.Tinokuvadza midzi yavo, tinovatema nemicheki uye vanodya masora, tinodyara zvakadzika, uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa hutano hwavo.Zvingave zvinotyisa kana vakakwanisa kurwisa nenzira yemashiripiti eTolkein Fangorn Sango.Kutanga, basa remuti raizova nengozi zvikuru kupfuura zvariri.
Asi miti inokwanisa kuzvidzivirira pazvipembenene nezvirwere.Iwo ane zvese zvinodzivirira uye maitiro ekudzivirira, anofananidzwa neimwe nzira kune yedu immune system.Tinotenda muchikamu chikuru chekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa kubva pakati pemakore ekuma1960 kusvika kumavambo 1980 naDr. Alex Shigo weU.S. Forest Service, tinoziva zvakawanda zvikuru pamusoro penzira iyo miti inozvidzivirira nayo kupfuura zvatakaita makore makumi mashanu apfuura.
Isu tave tichiziva kwenguva refu kuti, sekuti ganda redu rinochengeta mabhakitiriya anokuvadza kunze kwedu, bark inoshanda senhoo pazvirwere zvemuti.Sezvo isina umbozha hwekufamba kuti inzvenge njodzi, miti inoda “ganda” gobvu kupfuura isu.Zvikamu zvehupenyu uye zvipenyu zvipenyu zvinodzivirira matanda emiti, midzi uye matavi kubva pakukuvadzwa kwemagetsi, kuoma kunze, pamwe chete nezvirwere.
Asi kana chimwe chinhu chikatyora iyi mutsara wekutanga wekudzivirira - kubvarura nemakwati - zvinoitika mukati zvinonakidza.Kana kukuvadzwa kuchiitika, muti unoshandura imwe yeshuga dzayo dzakachengetwa kuti dzigadzire makemikari akawanda ekudzivirira.Inobva yagovera nekuisa makomisheni aya mune imwe pateni mukati mukati meronda.Dr. Shigo ndiye akatanga kunyora patani iyi, yaakadana kuti CODIT - compartmentalization yekuora mumiti.
Mukugadzira makamuri aya eCODIT, miti inogadzira madziro mana emakemikari akasiyana - maviri denderedzwa, imwe radial, uye imwe yakawanda kana shoma yakati sandara yakatwasuka.Kutsanangura madziro aya zvishoma esoteric, kana pamwe kufinha, asi kana iwe uchifarira ruzivo, iyi US Forest Service gwaro https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/misc/ne_aib405.pdf is superb .
Ndinoda kutaura kuti kuvharwa kweronda, kunowanzonzi "kupora," hakunei nehukama nekuwanda kwekuora kuchaitika.Kukura kwekuora kunotsamira pakuti muti unogona sei kunyatsovhara utachiona.Kuvhara kwakanaka zvakanyanya sekuti vascular system haichada kutenderedza ronda, asi kuvharwa hakudziviriri kubva mukuora kwemukati kana muti wacho usina kusimba kuti uzvidzivirire nemakemikari.
Kubudirira kweiyi madziro-off kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemhando.Mepu yakaoma uye chena oak, semuenzaniso, inogona kuburitsa yakasimba CODIT mhinduro.Poplar newillow, kune rumwe rutivi, hazvigone kuumba chero makemikari madziro, nepo mhando dzakaita semuoki mutsvuku uye munyoro mepu inoita basa repakati payo.
Huwandu hwesimba hwemuti ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha.Tinoziva kuti kana tichigara takashushikana, tisina kudya, tisina mvura yakakwana kana kuti tikadonha, isu tiri panjodzi huru yekurwara.Kunyange shuga mepu inogona kusakwanisa kuumba madziro emakemikari akasimba kana iri mumamiriro asina simba.Netsanangudzo, miti yenzvimbo inosimbiswa kana ichienzaniswa nevazukuru vavo vanogara musango.Muti wemumugwagwa wakanyanyisa-kupfuura zvakadaro, wakatarisana nekupisa kunoratidzwa, nzvimbo shoma yemidzi, munyu wemugwagwa, kusvibiswa kwemhepo nezvimwe.
Uye zvechokwadi kukura kwekukuvara kunoita mutsauko.Kunyange muti unofadza, une utano unogona kuita kuti dziviriro yawo ikundwe neronda guru.Tinoziva kuti nguva zhinji, muti unorasikirwa nehondo yawo yekurwisa kuora.
Zvakawanda zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pemabatirwo anoita miti kune zvipembenene.Tinoziva kuti miti inodzivirira tupukanana nekuita makemikari emukati meseti kuti agadzirise makomisheni, anozivikanwa nevesainzi seBad Tasting Stuff, kuti adzinge (zvipembenene, kureva - kwete masayendisiti).Muzviitiko zvakawanda vanoita sekunge vanokwanisa kugadziridza yavo yepanyama inodzinga kune chaiyo tsikidzi.Asi makemikari ekugadzira aya haana kukwana - ingotarisa izvo makonye ematende nemagypsy moths.
Ichangobva kubuda pachena kuti miti ine rudzi rwekure kure-yambiro yekutanga.Sezviri pachena vanogona kuratidzana kuti rudzii rwechipembenene chasvika panzvimbo kuzodya mashizha.Kukurukurirana uku kunoitika pasi pevhu kuburikidza nemidzi yekubatanidza, kunyange zvazvo michina isina kunyatsotsvakurudzwa.Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzinofungawo kuti makemikari anofambiswa nemhepo anogona kutakurawo mashoko ane chekuita netumbuyu, kana kunyange zvirwere.
Miti inewo zvimiro zvekudzivirira zvinonzi makora ebazi, ari pazasi pebazi rega rega.Mapazi makora ane hunyanzvi kupfuura matishu ehunde anogara achigadzira fungicides kuumba zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira.Kora iyi inowanzova mhete ye "donut" yakawedzera zvishoma pazasi pebazi - zvakakosha kuti usaibvise pakuchekerera.Kunyanya pahuni dzakaoma, kuchekerera kucheka hakufanirwe kupeperetswa nehunde;asi dzinofanira kugadzirwa kunze kwekora yebazi.
Iwe unogona kubatsira kuwedzera simba remuti wako "immune system" nekudiridza panguva yekuoma, kuvharira kune inodonha, uye kuchengetedza mota kubva munzvimbo yemidzi.Mukudzoka, muti wako unozokubatsira kukuchengetedza hutano hwakakwana nekupa mumvuri, runako uye ushamwari.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Imwe yezvakanaka zvekuve nemiti padhuze ndeyekuti mitemo yekufambidzana haishande - unogona kumbundira vakawanda sezvaunoda pasina njodzi yekubatira Covid-19.Imwe rubatsiro, hongu, mumvuri.Kana kupisa kuripo uye iwe unofanirwa kurara pasi kwechinguva, zvakanaka kana dzimwe shamwari dzako dziri mavara ane mumvuri.Kunyanya kana ari marefu, marudzi akakura ane zvivakwa zvakasimba.Hongu, miti inotonhorera.
Kana iyo thermometer ichikwira, chero mumvuri unogamuchirwa.Kana iwe uine rombo rakanaka rekuva nemiti mikuru kwaunogara, kwete chete kuti unogona kuwana zororo kubva kuzuva, asi tembiricha yemhepo inotonhorera - kusvika madhigirii gumi - kana zvichienzaniswa nekunze.Iyo inotyisa, yakasikwa, uye yemahara mhando yemhepo yekufemesa.
Kutaura pamusoro pazvo, kana ukashandisa air conditioner, kuva nemiti yemumvuri kumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kweimba yako kunoderedza mari yako yekutonhodza nehuwandu hwe30%, uye zvichida kusvika ku50%.Zvakafanana nekudzorerwa mari pachikamu chebhiri rako remagetsi.Miti inodonha yakanakira nekuti inokudzivirira muzhizha asi inobvumira chiedza chezuva mukati mechando paunenge uchida.
Pamazuva ezhizha anotubuka paunofunga kuti kwanyanya kupisa kuti ushande panze, hausi wega - miti inogovera maonero ako.Photosynthesis, iyo nzira inoshamisa inoshandura carbon dioxide nechiedza chezuva kuva shuga (nekudaro kuchengetedza miti iri mhenyu) uye oksijeni (zvichibatsira kuti tive vapenyu), haishande zvakanaka kupfuura 85 degrees.Zvose izvo simba rezuva richaparara!Sezvineiwo, mashizha anogona kupisa zvakanyanya muzuva rakazara kunyangwe tembiricha yemhepo iri pakati nepakati, senge nzira yekupaka asphalt inopisa muzuva.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero denga remukati remuti rakakosha.Kure nekuve vagari venzvimbo isingadikanwi, mashizha ane mumvuri, uye nokudaro anotonhodzwa, nedenga repamusoro ndivo vatambi vanokosha mukupona kwemuti, sezvo vari ivo chete vari pabasa kana kuchipisa zvakanyanya kune yavo yepamusoro. vavakidzani kushanda.Saka zvakanaka kuti usanyanya kufarira nekuchekerera.Miti haidi kuti denga rayo romukati “richeneswe” kusvika pamwero mukuru.
Ndinovimba urikunwa mvura yakawanda mukupisa kwechirimo.Zvinogona kukushamisa iwe kuti miti inogona kupera mvura, kunyanya mumwaka unopisa, wakaoma se 2016 uye 2018. Kunyange zvazvo isu tichifunga kufunga kuti midzi yemiti inonyura mukutsvaga chinwiwa chinotonhorera, 90% yemidzi yemiti iri kumusoro kwe10 inches. yevhu, uye 98% iri pamusoro 18 inches.
Tsangadzi yebrown, yakafa inopora kubva mukusanaya kwemvura mumavhiki mashoma, nekuti uswa hune nzira yekurara pasina kukuvadzwa.Miti, zvisinei, inotora makore akati wandei kuti inyatsopora kubva mukuwomesa kwechirimo kwakawedzera.Kusanaya kwemvura kunonetesa muti, zvichiita kuti uwedzere kubatwa nezvirwere nezvipembenene.
Nepo mavara mazhinji ane shady asingatore zvakanaka pakunyura, muti wako uchafarira kunyura kwevhiki nevhiki.Kanganwa tsangadzi - inogona kuzvidzivirira pachayo.Ndapota rangarirai miti yenyu, uye idiridza zvakanaka kana mvura isati yanaya kweinopfuura vhiki.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Kubva panguva yaShakespeare, varume vakashandisa mutsara wekuti "bonde rakanaka (kana rakanaka)" kureva vakadzi.Izvi zvinokatyamadza zvikuru, tichifunga kuti varume vave vachidisa zvikuru kubata vakadzi zvisina kururama kubvira munguva dzekare kusvikira zvino.Vakadzi dzimwe nguva vanoonekwa - nevarume, hongu - sekuve bonde rakapfava kana risina simba.Asi chokwadi ndechekuti vakadzi vakasimba kupfuura varume kana zvasvika pakurwisa zvirwere zvakaita seCovid-19.Pamusoro pezvo, vakadzi vemarudzi ese anoyamwisa vari nani pakubata nekunetsekana kupfuura vamwe vavo vechirume.
Tinoziva kuti testosterone inoita kuti zvive nyore kuti varume vave nemuviri wakasimba kupfuura vakadzi.Izvi zvinotendwa sechigadziro chakasarudzwa kuburikidza nekushanduka-shanduka kunoita kuti varume vadzivirire vakadzi - avo vanonyanya kukosha kupfuura varume maererano nekupona kwemarudzi - pamwe chete nevacheche vavanotarisira.Pavanhu ndinoona zvichirwadza kuti kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakasikwa (kana kuti Mwari, kana uchida) zvakagadzira varume kuti vachengetedze vakadzi, varume vakawanda kwazvo vanoshatisa urongwa hwezvinhu nokuitira vakadzi chisimba.
Kana zvasvika pakurarama kuburikidza nedenda, zvisinei, vakadzi vane simba zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura varume.Sekureva kwechinyorwa chaKubvumbi 18, 2020 mubepanhau reBritish The Guardian, varume vakapetwa kaviri sevakadzi vakafa kubva kuCovid-19 kuSpain.The Guardian inorondedzerawo kuti muItari, nhamba yekufa kwemhosva i10.6% yevarume uye 6.0% yevakadzi, uye kuti data rekutanga kubva kuChina rakaratidza kufa kwe2.8% pakati pevarume zvichienzaniswa ne1.7% yevakadzi.Kunyangwe mushure mekugadzirisa mararamiro emararamiro senge chokwadi chekuti varume vakawanda kupfuura vakadzi vanosvuta, kusiyana kuchiri kwakakosha.
Ichokwadi kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo, muQuébec semuenzaniso, vakadzi vakaparara pamwero wepamusoro.Iyi inogona kunge iri nyaya yehuwandu hwevanhu.The Montréal Gazette inoshuma makumi masere muzana evashandi vehutano muQuébec vakadzi, uye vakadzi vanosanganisira makumi masere neshanu muzana eavo vari mumisha inochengeterwa vakwegura, idzo dzakanyanya kurohwa neCovid-19.Zvisinei nekusarudzika kweQuébec nevamwe vashoma, Global Health 50/50, sangano rinotevera zviitiko zvepasi rose, rinoti zviri pachena zviri kuitika pasi rose ndezvekuti varume vazhinji vari kukundwa.
Mubhuku rake The Better Half (rakabudiswa muna 2020 asi rakanyorwa Covid-19 isati yatanga), chiremba Sharon Moalem anotsanangura kuti ruzhinji rwemajini anodzora immune system ari paX chromosome.Sezvatakadzidza mukirasi yeBiology yekutanga, varume vane XY chromosome pair nepo vakadzi vane XX mukwanisi.Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakadzi vane maX chromosomes akapetwa kaviri musero rega rega mumiviri yavo, uye sekureva kwaDr. Moalem, zvingangopeta kaviri mhinduro ye immune.
Ini handisi kuzopinda mumakanika (kunyanya nekuti handisi kuvanzwisisa) yekuti hutachiona hweCovid-19 "hunovhura" puroteni yekugamuchira inonzi ACE-2, nekudaro tichiwana carte blanche kumhanya amok mumiviri yedu.Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti protein yeACE-2 inotsamira pane seti yemajini iri pamunhu X-chromosome.
Dr. Moalem vanoti kana utachiona huchitenderedza puroteni iyi mumunhurume, utachiona uhwu hunobva hwasununguka kubata sero chero renhengo iri mumuviri make.Nevakadzi, hutachiona hunoda kupinza mumapuroteni maviri akapatsanurwa eACE-2 ane hukama nemakromosomes maviri akasiyana eX, zvichipa immune system yemukadzi kuchengetedza kana "mukana wechipiri" kudzivirira muviri wake kubva kuhutachiona.
Zvagara zvichizivikanwa kuti mbeva dzechikadzi dzema lab uye mbeva dzinopora kubva muchiitiko chekushushikana zviri nyore kupfuura varume, izvo zvinochengeta yakakwirisa cortisol mazinga uye mamwe mamark ekushushikana kwenguva refu mushure mekushungurudzwa kupi nekupi kunoshanyirwa pavari mukati mebvunzo dzakasiyana siyana.Asi munharaunda yevanhu, ongororo yakaitwa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kuLos Angeles muna 2000 yakawana kuti vakadzi vanobata kusagadzikana kusingaperi zviri nani kupfuura zvinoita vakomana.
Mumushumo wekupedzisira, munyori mukuru Shelley E. Taylor anonyora kuti nepo murume "kurwa kana kurwa" mhinduro yakanyorwa zvakanaka (kusvikira munguva ichangopfuura, 80% yekutsvakurudza kwese kunetseka kwakaitwa pavarume), vakadzi vane imwe nzira yekuita nayo.Vachiidaidza kuti “kufarira uye kushamwaridzana”, Dr. Taylor vanoti kujaira kwevakadzi kugadzira nekuchengetedza hukama hwemagariro kunobatsira mamiriro ekunze zviri nani kupfuura varume.Anoti "... oxytocin, pamwe chete nemahomoni ekubereka echikadzi uye endogenous opioid peptide mechanisms, inogona kunge iri pairi ['kutarisira uye kushamwaridzana' mhinduro]."Kubva panguva yekudzidza kwaDr. Taylor, chiitiko chemukadzi chekuda-uye-shamwari chakaramba chichitsvakurudzwa uye chakasimbiswa, kunyanya naLauren A. McCarthy weRochester Institute of Technology.
Zvinotaridza sekunge bonde rakanaka rine mamwe mabhenefiti akanaka kana zvasvika pakupona denda nemamwe matambudziko.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Iwe wakamboona aya madiki ane makumbo gumi nemana chimera pane imwe nguva, kunyangwe iwe ungave usina kumbovabhadhara chero pfungwa kubva uchiri mudiki.Chikamu shrimp, chikamu kangaroo, uye chikamu armadillo, iyo ubiquitous pill bug ( Armadillidium vulgare) haikuvadzi, kana dzimwe nguva inogumbura, critter iyo inoputika pamusoro pehusiku ichidya zvinomera zvakafa.Anozivikanwawo sembatatisi tsikidzi kana roly-polys, ava ndivo vakomana vanozvikwevera mubhora diki diki kuti vadzivirirwe kana vakanganiswa.
Mapiritsi haaruma, anoruma, anotakura chirwere, kutsenga mumba mako, kana kuita chero chinhu chipi zvacho chisingafadzi, uye vana vanowanzofarira kutamba navo.Muchokwadi, ivo (mapiritsi tsikidzi, kwete vana) vanoita zvipfuwo zvakanaka chero bedzi zvaunotarisira pamusoro pekudzidziswa hazvina kunyanya kukwirira.Dzimwe nguva vanowana nzira yavo mumakamuri uye vova dambudziko, asi ivo vanodzorwa zviri nyore.
Zano pamusoro pegogi, simudza dombo rakadzika, kana tarisa pasi pemurimi wemaruva, uye munzvimbo zhinji uchawana aya macrustaceans.Nei vakakambaira vachibuda mugungwa uye vakajaira kugara panyika fungidziro yemunhu wese - pamwe gungwa rakanyanya kuzara pane imwe nguva.Vachizengurira kurega hunhu hwavo hwese hwemumvura, tsikidzi dzemapiritsi dzinofema nemumagill.Ndosaka vachiwanikwa munzvimbo dzakanyorova - dzinoda gill dzinogara dzakanyorova, kana kuchinjana kweokisijeni kuchavhiringidzwa uye vanozarirwa.
Kubva pa8.5 mm kusvika pa17 mm (inenge 3/8 kusvika 9/16 yema inch) kureba, tsikidzi dzemapiritsi dzine grey kusvika kubrown, dzine chimiro chemuviri chakakombama.Ichi chekupedzisira chimiro ndechekuti munhu anogona sei kuvaudza kuti vasiyane nevazukuru vavo vanodyara tsikidzi, idzo dzinogara yakafanana ecological niche semapiritsi bugs.Sow bugs ihuni mugenera Oniscus nePorcellio, uye ine muviri wakatsetseka.Zvakare, tsikidzi dzekudyara hadzigone kubhora kuti dzidzivirire.Iyi yekukunguruka-up process inozivikanwa seconglobation, izwi rakagadzirwa zvakananga kubatsira Scrabble vatambi.
Chimiro chekangaroo chetsikidzi dzemapiritsi ndechokuti hadzi ine homwe padumbu yayo inonzi marsupium umo inokandira mazai ayo.Pwere dzinochochonya mukati memarsupium yayo yakazadzwa nemvura uye dzinogaramo kutozosvikira dzakura zvokukwanisa kuzviitira dzoga.
Kunyange zvazvo mapiritsi emapiritsi akatanga kubva kuEurope, haazadzisi zvose zvinotarisirwa kune mhuka dzinoparadza.Izvo hazvikonzere kukosha kwehutano hwevanhu uye / kana hupfumi uye / kana kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza, chimwe chinhu chinoratidzira mhuka dzinopinda.Ini ndinokahadzika mapiritsi emapiritsi anonzwa zvakaipa nekusabvumidzwa kupinda mukirabhu.Muchokwadi, vanobatsira kudzoreredza chikafu, zvichibatsira mukuumbwa kwevhu repamusoro rine hutano.
Nepo zvisiri zvehunyanzvi zvinopinda, dzimwe nguva inonetsa diki kana ichipinda mumba.Kuadzora kungada pfuti, chigadziriso chenyika, kana kuti chinobvisa humidity.Sezvo vachisungirwa kugara munzvimbo dzine unyoro, kuderedza hunyoro ndicho chinhu chikuru.Vhura mahwindo epasi uye shandisa mafeni kana dehumidifiers kudzikisa hunyoro mukamuri yepasi.
Chengetedza mutsara wedombo rakapwanyika (kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokurumidza kuoma) kutenderedza imba yako kuchengetedza zvinomera zvese uye mulch kubva panheyo.Chekupedzisira, pwanya pfuti yekuvharisa kuti uname makatsemuka pakati pemabheji enheyo uye mamwe anogona kupinda mapoinzi.Ini handikwanise kuwedzeredza kuti kushingairira kuita caulking kunogona kuita sei mukusasanganisa chero anotsoropodza - uchawana makore ekudzora tupukanana nebasa rimwechete rekuvhara makatsemuka.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Chirevo chekare chinoti “Mugwagwa unoenda kugehena wakagadzirwa nevavariro dzakanaka” chave chiri nyaradzo huru kwandiri mumakore apfuura, sezvo ndichifungidzira kuti zvinoreva kuti mugwagwa unoenda kudenga wakagadzirwa nemifungo yakaipa, iyo inowanzova nyore kuwana.Kubva makarekare, takavaka marudzi ese emigwagwa, migwagwa mikuru, nzira, migwagwa, maturu, maturnpike, nzira dzekudhonza, uye nzira dzemabhasikoro.Asi tichifunga nezvekumhanya kunoshamisa uko kuderera kwehuwandu hwedu hwemapollinator, inguva yakaoma yekubatidza nzira itsva.Nzira, kuve yakananga.
Makore gumi nemaviri apfuura, Seattle-based artist uye wezvemamiriro ekunze Sarah Bergmann akagadzira pfungwa yePollinator Pathway.Yakarondedzerwa se "chivezwa chekubatana, dhizaini uye ecology yemagariro," inzvimbo yekugara yekubatsira tupukanana tunotakura mukume kuwana chikafu sezvazvinofamba nemumaguta nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma.Kubva panguva iyoyo, pfungwa iyi yakapararira muNorth America yose uye mberi.
Pollinator nzira dzinogona kunge dzakareruka semutsara wemiti inotumbuka pakati peimwe chivanze neimwe, kana yakakura se "bhandi remaruva" rinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasvibira munzvimbo huru yedhorobha.Webhusaiti iyi http://www.pollinatorpathway.com/criteria/ ine maturusi uye zviwanikwa, uye inonyora maitiro makuru akadai sekudiwa kwekushandira pamwe nemapoka akasiyana-siyana uye masangano, kushandisa zvirimwa zvemuno zvakanyanya, uye kuve nehurongwa hwekuchengetedza kwenguva refu.Kufanana nemazano akawanda makuru, pfungwa yenzira yekukume "yaenda kusango," uye iri kutorwa nevanhu vasingawanzo jairana nebasa raMs. Bergmann.
Paunenge uchigadzira chero saizi nzira yekubatsira mapollinator, zvakakosha kuti uise mapoka ezvirimwa zvemavara mazhinji, kureba, uye maruva maumbirwo.Kuve nezvirimwa mumaruva mukati memwaka wese wekukura kwakakosha zvakare.Aya mafungidziro anobatsira kuona kuti mhando huru dzezvipembenene zvinotakura mukume zvinogona kutora mukana wenekita nemukume.
Sezvingabvira, mapollinator asiri ezvipembenene haana kubatanidzwa mukuedza uku.Maremwaremwa, madzvinyu, zviremwaremwa, tsoko, opossums, uye mamwe marudzi ane vertebrate angangoita makumi mashanu anosvibisawo zvirimwa.Ini ndinofungidzira kukwezva mhomho yemalemur, tsoko kana madzvinyu kunzira dzemumaguta zvinotakura mukume zvingave zvinotonhorera kuona, asi ini ndinogona kufunga nezve zvishoma zvinokanganisa zvakare.
Kunyange zvazvo nyuchi ichiita huchi hweposter-mwana wepollinator, muhurongwa hwakakura hwezvinhu hunobatsira zvishomanana pakugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvemumba uye zvemusango.Munharaunda ine hutano, uye kunyange mune dzakawanda dzakakanganiswa, imoth yedu yekuzvarwa, butterflies, nyuchi, nyuchi, nhunzi, zvipembenene uye zvimwe zvipembenene zvinoita kunenge kwese kusvibisa zvirimwa zvesango uye zvemumba.Munharaunda yakaita sekuchamhembe kweNew York State, kukanganisa kwenyuchi pakuita mukume hakuna basa, kunze kwezvingabvira zveminda yemichero muChamplain Valley.
Tisingarevi kuti hatifanire kupfuya nyuchi tichiva nehanya nehutano hwadzo - uchi nezvimwe zvirimwa zvirimwa zvakakosha - asi tinofanira kuva nemufananidzo chaiwo wekuti ndiani anoita mukume wedu.Nyuchi dzinokosha chete kana kurima kwakanyanya kwakabvisa zvirimwa izvo zvipembenene zvemuno zvinowanzotsamira, senge muCalifornia's almond groves, uye kunyangwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokura michero dzakatenderedza Great Lakes.
Zvikonzero zvinoita kuti mapollins ari munjodzi huru zvekuti anoda nzira dzakakosha dzekupfuura nedhorobha zvakaoma, asi zvine chekuita nemishonga yezvipembenene.Kirasi yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonzi neonicotinoids, neonics kwenguva pfupi, yakagara ichibatanidzwa mukuderera kwepollinator.Anoshandiswa mune zvese kubva ku lawn-grub control kusvika soya beans, makemikari aya anoita kuti chirimwa chose chine chepfu, kusanganisira mukume wayo.Nhau dzakaipa dzezvipembenene, uye zvakare kune nyuchi uye butterflies.Muna Kubvumbi 2018, European Union yakarambidza zvachose matatu eanonyanya kufarirwa neonics kuitira kuchengetedza nyuchi.
Uye mishonga yefungidzi, yakambotendwa kuti yakachengeteka kunyuchi, ichangobva kupihwa zita sechikonzero chinofungidzirwa chekudzikira kwemukume.Mumushumo waNovember 2017, boka rinotungamirwa naCornell revatsvagiri kubva mhiri kwakadziva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero vakagumisa kuti kushandiswa kwefungicides mukurima kunoderedza nyuchi zvekuti dzinowanzokundwa nemamiriro ekunze akaipa kana zvirwere zvakajairika, izvo zvisingawanzo kuuraya.Nhasi, 49 mhando dzenyuchi dzekuzvarwa dzinoonekwa dziri panjodzi, nenyuchi dzinonyanya kuoma.
Dai paive nemubairo wepollinator, waigona kuenda kumarudzi edu asina kujeka erudzi rwebumblebee.Kuve nebvudzi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nyuchi dzinoita mukume zvakanyanya kupfuura, toti, mabhachi eyero, ayo nenzira iyo anopa zvishoma mukume.Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti mabumblers anogona kushanda kune tembiricha inotonhora kupfuura zvimwe zvipembenene - kunyangwe jasi ravo rakanaka remvere rinobatsira nazvo, zvisinei, ini handizive.
Mukuwedzera, "bumble" yavo chikamu chekunaka kwavo.Zvinoratidza kuti vanozunguza mhepo paGoldilocks frequency, imwe yakanyatso kuzunza mukume mukati memamwe maruva sematomatisi.Mune mamwe mazwi, vanogona kuita drive-nekumesa pasina kuda kumhara paruva.Uye mukufarira kusakosha ndichataura kuti masayendisiti epaQueen Mary University yeLondon akadzidzisa nyuchi nzira yekukungurutsira bhora diki mugomba diki kuti vawane mubairo wemvura yeshuga.Ini ndinofungidzira kuti vaongorori vava kubatikana nemitambo yegorofu yebumblebee.
Kana usati wagadzirira kutara mugwagwa mukuru wepollinator, unogona kubatsira kuti nharaunda yako ive ine hushamwari nenyuchi neshavishavi nekuzivisa nezvenyaya idzi.Kumbira vakuru venzvimbo yako kuti vachinje mitemo yenzvimbo kuti vabvumire nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mumaguta edu, mataundi nemisha.Uswa hwakachena hunouraya kune vanokurisa - siya iwo madandelions, nekuda kwekunaka.Ndapota, batsira kubvisa kutsvinda!Izvi zvinokurudzira kusiyana kwezvirimwa uye zvinobatsira zvikuru mapollinator - uye pakupedzisira, isu.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Kubvumbi kwaApril kunounza May maruva, asi kwete zvose posies zvinogamuchirwa kuona.Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kuti madandelions akasvika paMayflower, haawane rukudzo rwaanokodzera sevaplucky vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanodzika midzi yakasimba munyika itsva, kana sevhitamini-packed culinary mufaro, kana semushonga wemishonga wemishonga yakawanda.
Pane iyi yekupedzisira, dandelion inoremekedzwa zvakanyanya zvekuti yakawana zita rechiLatin rekuti Taraxicum officinale, iro rinoreva "mushonga wepamutemo wezvirwere zvese."Pane zvakawanda zvakashumwa zvehutano zvedandelion, zvinosanganisira sechiropa chinotsigira uye nekudzikisa itsvo uye dundira matombo, pamwe nekunze semushonga wemamota eganda.Handinyepedzeri kuziva kushandiswa kwechirimwa kwechirimwa kwapfuura uye kwazvino, uye ndinokurudzira zvikuru kubvunza nyanzvi yemiti inoremekedzwa, pamwe nemutarisiri wako wehutano, usati waedza kuzvirapa iwe pachako.
Zvakadaro, Yunivhesiti yeMaryland Medical Center yakapa peji rese rewebhu kune dandelion, uye inotaura zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaongororwa nevezera.Ndakanga ndambonzwa kuti dandelion yaishandiswa seadjunct chirwere cheshuga, asi ndakanga ndisati ndawana chero mareferensi.Nekudaro, iyo U yeM Medical Center inoti:
"Zvidzidzo zvepakutanga zvemhuka zvinoratidza kuti dandelion inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa mazinga ehuga uye kuderedza cholesterol yakazara uye triglycerides apo ichisimudza HDL (yakanaka) cholesterol mumakonzo ane chirwere cheshuga.Vatsvagiri vanofanirwa kuona kana dandelion ichashanda muvanhu.Zvidzidzo zvishoma zvemhuka zvinoratidzawo kuti dandelion inogona kubatsira kurwisa kuzvimba. "
Ndingati hazvina kuipa pasora.Unogona kutenga midzi yedandelion yakaomeswa uye yakachekwa yakawanda kana mu capsule fomu pazvitoro zvakawanda zvezveutano, kana kuti unogona kuiwana mahara muyadhi yako yekuseri, zvichipa kuti usashandise makemikari e lawn.
Zita rakajairika reDandelion rinobva kuFrench "dent de lion," kana zino reshumba, zvichireva kubhururuka kwakasimba pamashizha awo.Mashizha anosiyana zvakanyanya mukutaridzika, zvakadaro, uye kunze kweyero mane, kwete yega dandelion yakafanana neleonid se inotevera.Zviri pachena kuti maFrench ane kona pamusika wezita rinowanzozivikanwa, nokuti imwe dandelion moniker ndeye "pis en lit," kana "nyorova mubhedha," sezvo mudzi wakaomeswa une diuretic zvakasimba.Zvimwe pane izvozvo gare gare.
Dandelion greens iri nani mukutanga kwechirimo isati yaitwa maruva.Kukohwa nguva yapera mumwaka kwakafanana nekunhonga lettuce nesipinashi mushure mekunge vabota-zvinodyiwa, asi kwete pazvakanakisa.Kana iwe uine mashoma madandelions akadzika midzi mubindu rako gore rapfuura, anogona kunge akagadzirira kudzura uye kudya izvozvi.Imwe nzira nyowani pamutsara wekuti "sora-ne-kudyisa."
Miti midiki inogona kubikwa uye kushandirwa musaladhi, kana kuti yakabikwa, asi ini ndinoifarira zvakanyanya kana yakachekwa uye yakabikwa.Vanofamba zvakanaka mu omelets, kusveta-fry, soup, casserole, kana chero chikafu chinonaka chechinhu ichocho.Midzi mitsva inogona kupepetwa, kuchekwa zvishoma uye kubikwa.Mushonga chaiwo ndeye dandelion korona.Chikonzero chinoita kuti vatange kubuda maruva ndechekuti vane maruva akaumbwa akazara masumbu akaiswa pakati pemidzi yekorona, nepo mamwe maruva mazhinji achitumbuka pakukura kutsva.Mushure mekucheka mashizha, tora banga rekugadzira uye bvisa korona, iyo inogona kubikwa uye inoshandiswa nebhotela.
Midzi yedandelion yakakangwa inoita iyo yakanakisa yekutsiva kofi yandati ndamboravira, uye izvo zviri kutaura chimwe chinhu nekuti ndinoda chaizvo kofi.Geza midzi mitsva woiparadzira pachoto chehovhoni kuitira kuti vasabatane.Iwe unogona kuyedza nepamusoro marongero, asi ini ndinoagocha paanenge 250 kusvika ave crispy uye yakasviba yakasviba mukati.Chokwadi handikwanise kutaura kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei, pakati pemaawa maviri neatatu.Chero zvazvingava ndinogara ndichiagocha pandinofanira kunge ndiri mumba, uye ndinoatarisa kakawanda mushure memaawa maviri.Zvikuye uchishandisa zvokudya zvinogadzirwa kana kuti dhaka nepestle.Kuenzaniswa nekofi, iwe unoshandisa zvishoma zvishoma pamudzi wepasi pamukombe.
Chinwiwa chinonaka dandy, asi sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chinowedzera diuretic kupfuura kofi kana tii nhema.Ini handisati ndawana iri dambudziko, asi kana kufamba kwako kwemangwanani kuchiwanzobatanidza traffic snarl, sarudza chinwiwa chako chemangwanani zvinoenderana.
Handina kuedza dandelion waini, tsika yakatanga mazana emakore muEurope, uye saka handina ruzivo rwekutanga rwekutaura, asi scads yekubika inogona kuwanikwa paInternet.Shamwari dzinoverengeka uye nhengo dzemhuri dzakazviedza, neongororo dzakaipa uye dzakanaka dzakapatsanurwa.Ini handina zano kana iri yekuda kwemunhu kana hunyanzvi hwekugadzira wine iyo yakakamurwa zvakaenzana.
Tichifunga nezvese kunaka kwe dandelions, zvinoshamisa kuti inguva yakawanda sei uye kukoshesa tsika yedu inoisa mukuzvipedza.Zvinoita sezviri kuda kupengereka nevamwe vanhu, vanodiridza lawn yavo nemishonga yesora yakasarudzika yakaita se2,4-D, dicamba uye mecoprop.Izvi zvese zvinouya nenjodzi dzehutano, tisingatauri ma tag emitengo.
Kune avo vangangotora iyo shumba yekubatanidza kure uye havagone kurara husiku kana paine dandelions inovandira panzvimbo, ini ndichagovera chakavanzika chekuvaburitsa kunze kwenzvimbo.Isai mower kuti icheke pamasendimita mana kumusoro.Kuita izvi kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwemasora, uye kunoderedza kudzvinyirirwa kwechirwere uye kukuvara kwegrub zvakare.
Ndinoti isu tose tinomira kuedza kuuraya shumba yeNorth America chete iyo isiri mungozi yekutsakatika, uye dzidza kuikoshesa uye kuishandisa zvakanyanya.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Miti yakareba kupfuura iyi rutivi rweRockies, Eastern white pine yedu (Pinus strobus) ndeimwe yemhando dzakawanda - kana isiri iyo yakawanda - mune zvehupfumi uye zvetsika zvakakosha muNortheast.Kunyangwe shasha yeUS iripo ihofori yeNorth Carolina inoreba 189 tsoka, vatemi vekare vakarekodha mapaini machena anosvika 230 tsoka.White pine inozivikanwa nekufara kwakasiyana uye kujeka (isina-pfundo), matanda ane mavara akareruka anoshandiswa kugadzira pasi, mapuranga uye sheathing pamwe chete nenhengo dzezvimiro.New England yakavakwa pamuini muchena, uye mune dzimwe dzimba dzekare, mabhodhi epaini epakutanga makumi maviri kana kupfuura masendimita akafara anogona achiri kuwanikwa.
Iyo cathedral-yakaita semhando yekumira yemapine machena machena inowanzokurudzira kukoshesa kwechisikigo, kana isiri pfungwa yakadzama yekutya nekuremekedza.Panyaya yekuzivikanwa, white pine inoita kuti zvive nyore.Ndiyo chete yerudzi rwepine out kumabvazuva inotakura tsono mumasumbu eshanu, imwe pabhii rega rega mune "chena."Kuti zvive pachena, mavara haana kunyorwa patsono.Anoyevedza, matanhatu-inch akareba makoni ane resin-tipped mashekeri akanakira kutanga moto, uye kune maruva uye kumwe kushongedza kwezororo.
Zvinoshamisa sehunhu hwayo hwezvinhu, white pine yakatipa zvishoma zvinobatika, asi zvakanyanya kukosha, zvipo.Iine tsono dzayo shanu dzakabatanidzwa pajinga, mupaini muchena wakabatsira kukurudzira nyika shanu dzeNative nyika kuisa maoko pasi makore chiuru apfuura, uye kubatana mumubatanidzwa mutsva wedemocracy unonzi Haudenosaunee kana Iroquois.Nemadzishe ayo makumi mashanu akasarudzwa, dzimba mbiri dzeparamende, uye hurongwa hwecheki uye zviyero, chimiro chakaoma uye chinogara chisingaperi chakava mucherechedzo weBumbiro reUS.
Jefferson, Franklin, Monroe, Madison naAdams vakanyora nezvekuyemura kwavo Haudenosaunee Confederacy.Franklin naMadison vainyanya kuzvifarira, uye vakakurudzira makoroni gumi nematatu kuti atore mubatanidzwa wakarongeka zvakafanana.Pakati pemireza yekutanga yeChimurenga pakanga paine nhevedzano yePine Tree Mireza, uye gondo, kunyangwe rakabviswa kubva mupine perch, rakagara rakagara pamari yeUS.
Iyo Haudenosaunee ichiri kuratidza mupaini muchena, unonzi muti werunyararo, une gondo remhanza kumusoro kwayo.Gondo riripo kuti rione vavengi vakadai semakaro uye kusaona kwenguva pfupi.Mumachira ayo, sumbu remiseve mishanu rakapetwa kuratidza simba mukubatana.Hazvisi zvetsaona kuti kodzero dzevakadzi vemazuva ano dzakatanga muSeneca Falls, NY mumumvuri wokufananidzira wepaini chena.Varambi vapakuvamba vakadai saMatilda Jocelyn Gage vakanyora pamusoro pokushamiswa kwavo kukuru kuti mumisha yeHaudenosaunee, vakadzi vaibatwa noruremekedzo rwakaenzana navarume, uye kuti chisimba muchimiro chipi nechipi chinoitirwa vakadzi chakanga chisingabvumirwi.
Nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuda mapaini machena, ndakavhiringidzika apo mipaini michena yakatanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekutambudzika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemhando yavo.Kutanga kutenderera 2009, tsono dzakatanga kushanduka yero uye kudonha nekukurumidza, uye kukura kutsva kwakamiswa.Pakutanga zviratidzo izvi zvaingoiswa kunzvimbo dzine ivhu risina kudzika kana rakashata, uye mumigwagwa mikuru apo miti yakanga yatosimbiswa ne deicing salt, iyo inopisa mashizha pamwe nemidzi.Kusanaya kwemvura kwe2012 uye 2016, kusati kwamboitika maererano nekunyorova kwevhu, kuisa mapaini kumashure zvakanyanya.Pakazosvika 2018, kunyangwe mamwe mapaini ari pasaiti akapfuma airatidzika kurwara.
Sezvinei nezvirwere zvakawanda zvichangobva kuwanikwa, kuderera uku, kunonzi white pine needle disease (WPND), hakunyatsonzwisiswi.Chii chinozivikanwa ndechekuti hosha yefungal pathogens inobatanidzwa.Zvirwere zvina zvinobata tsono zvakaparadzaniswa, asi kazhinji maviri kana matatu chete aripo mune chero nyaya.Zvakatonyanya kuvhiringidza ndezvokuti zvishoma zvezvimwe zvirwere zvetsono zvakanyorwa, asi imwe neimwe inongogumira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.Pathogen yemidzi yaonekwa, uye imwe inobata matishu ehunde inoratidzika kunge inoparadzirwa netumbuyu.
Kare, kudonha kwakaerekana kwemhando yemuti kwaiwanzo konzera chipembenene chisiri chekuzvarwa kana pathogen seDutch elm chirwere, chestnut blight, kana emerald ash borer.Chinhu chisinganzwisisike pamusoro peWPND, kunze kwekuti pakati pezvitanhatu negumi zvipenyu zvinogona kunge zviri kushanda, ndezvekuti vose vanozvarwa kune nzvimbo yakakanganiswa.New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) yaona imwe ingangove yakabva kunze kweNorth America, asi izvi hazvina kusimbiswa.
Iyo UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery uye Urban Forestry webhusaiti inotsanangura kuti “Kushaikwa kweutachiona husiri hwekuzvarwa kana tumbuyu kunoita kuti vaongorori vaongorore basa remamiriro ekunze, ayo akashandurwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.Kuwedzera kwekushisa uye kunaya kwemvura kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika Chikunguru kwakabatsira kupisa denda reWPND.Matambudziko akatarisana neEast white pine achaenderera mberi, asi sarudzo dzekutonga dziripo kubatsira kuvandudza hutano uye simba remapine machena. "
Munzvimbo dzekumba, iyo Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory inopa zano "Kufukidzira kutenderedza mapaini machena uye kudiridza zvakadzika kamwe pasvondo panguva yekupisa kunokurudzirwa.Panofanirawo kuitwa chirongwa chefotereza, uye ivhu pH rochengetwa riri pakati pe5.2 ne5.6.Gadzirisa chero kushaikwa kwemicronutrient (senge iron), uye kuderedza kuomarara kwevhu nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekufemesa mweya.”Mapaini machena haafare kwenguva refu paivhu revhu, kana ayo ane pH iri pamusoro pe7.0.Zvakare, iva nechokwadi chekudyara mapine ese kunze kwenzira-munyu wekupfapfaidza, uye ugovapa nzvimbo yakakwana.
Mamaneja emasango anogona kubatsira nekuonda machena emipaini.Humbowo hwekutanga hunoratidza kuti kuisa nitrogen kwakareruka kunogona kubatsira.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, bata ISA-Certified Arborist, NYSDEC Forester, yakavanzika Consulting Forester, kana hofisi yako yekuwedzera Extension.Kumwe kuverenga kwakadzama kunogona kuwanikwa pa https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/forest-ecology-and-management/vol/…
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Panguva ino yegore apo pasina zvakawanda zvinoita kunge zviri maruva kunze kwemadandelions nemadaffodils, mukume hauuye mupfungwa nenzira yazvingaite gare gare mumwaka apo goldenrod inenge yazara kwese kwese.Chii chinoshamisa ndechekuti maruva atinoona nyore nyore - dandelions negoldenrod mienzaniso mikuru - ane tsanga hombe, dzakanamira dzemukume dzisingavhurukwi nemhepo uye kutiita kuti tihomwe.
Chokwadi kana uchifarira “hay fever” uye wofamba nemumunda wegoldenrod wakazara maruva, ungangodaro.Gara chinhambwe kubva kumaruva anoshamisira kana mukume allergies iri nyaya.Maruva asingaoneki ndiwo anofanira kungwarira.Mira – izvo hazvina kubuda zvakanaka.
Mukume zvirokwazvo ndiwo mupiro wemurume kumbeu.Mhuka zhinji dzine nhengo dzekuberekesa dzechirume nedzechikadzi zviri nyore kuwanikwa pachirimwa chimwe chete.Mamwe, semaapuro, ane shebang yose iri muruva rimwechete, asi mamwe akadai semavise ane maruva akasiyana echirume neechikadzi.Zvisikwa zvishoma - holly muenzaniso - vane miti yakasiyana yevarume nevakadzi.
Chikonzero chinoita kuti mamwe maruva apenye nemavara, kunhuhwirira, uye nekita ndeyekupa chiokomuhomwe tumbuyu, shiri uye zvimwe zvipembenene kuti zvitakure mukume kubva paruva rechirume kuenda kumukadzi kuitira kuti vagadzire mbeu dzevana.Iro zano rinoshanda zvikuru.Iyo yakaderera-divi, zvakadaro, ndeyekuti zvinoda simba rakawanda.
Rimwe boka rezvirimwa rakafunga kuti raive basa rakaoma kukwezva mapollinator, asi zviri nyore kukwezva mhepo, iyo yaigonawo kuendesa mukume.Asi zano iri harina kunyatsoshanda, saka zvinomera zvakaita semipaini zvinofanirwa kuburitsa zvinhu zvakawanda (pollen, kwete mhepo).Rudzi rwezviyo zvemukume urwu rudiki zvekuti runogona kukukurwa makiromita mazana mana kuenda kugungwa.Mhepo-zvinomera zvinomera, izvo zvinosanganisira miti yakawanda ikozvino "inotumbuka," ine maruva maduku, anoyevedza, kazhinji ane ruvara rwakafanana nechirimwa - chisingaoneki.
Willow, poplar, elm uye maple zvese zvakasvibiswa nemhepo, uye zvinotumbuka mukutanga kwechirimo.Chinhu chakanaka, zvakare, nekuti zvinokurumidza kumera mukume senge bumblebees zvinoda mukume kana pasina maruva anooneka avhurwa.Kunyange zvazvo isina kujeka semukume kubva ku ragweed, mukume kubva kumawillow nemapoplar zvinogona kukonzera allergy zviratidzo.
Mvura, sezviri pachena, inosuka huruva, mold spores uye mukume kubva kumhepo, nepo mamiriro akaoma achitungamira kune kuunganidzwa kwemhepo.Avo vanorwara neallergies vanogona kuwana zororo rakati nokupfeka ngowani ine brimmed kuti vadzivise bvudzi kuti risave muunganidzi wepollen.Magirazi ezuva anovharika emitambo anogona kubatsira kuti mukume usabude mumaziso emunhu.Uye kunyangwe zvipfeko zvakaomeswa zvinonhuhwirira zvakanakisa, usaturike mbatya dzako pamazuva ane mukume nekuti unenge wakapfeka nhamo yako.
Mamiriro emukume anogona kuwanikwa pamawebhusaiti akawanda - airnow.gov uye aaaaai.org mienzaniso miviri yakanaka.Zvichienderana, huwandu hwemukume hwakadzikira izvozvi, saka kana ichidziya, usazeze kubuda panze.Zvimwe dyara maruva anopenya, anoshamisira.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Zuva rePasi inguva yatinoedza nekupa rukudzo kupasi rinotitsigira.Vazhinji vedu tichapinda munzendo, kuchovha mabhasikoro, kana kubatsira kuchenesa nzvimbo yemahombekombe egungwa kana parutivi rwenzira.Tese tinoziva kuti zvinonzwa zvakanaka kunyudzwa mune zvakasikwa.Pakupedzisira, sainzi yakabata pfungwa dzakajairika, uye ikozvino kune humbowo hwakawanda hwekuti miti, uswa uye nzira dzemvura hazvisi kutinyaradza chete, asi zvakakosha kune hutano sekudya kwakanaka uye mvura yakachena.
Mhuka dzinonyimwa pokugara dzinova nechisimba.Vanotanga kuratidza maitiro asina kunaka kumarudzi avo;hukama hwemagariro hunoputsika uye kurwara kunowedzera.Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune mhuka dzose, kunyange dzisina kujairika.
Zvakanaka, fembera mhuka iyi: Iri mu phylum Chordata, zvichireva kuti ine musana, iyo inobvisa tsikidzi nezvinokambaira, kwete chikuru clue.Kirasi yaro iMammalia;hadzi dzerudzi urwu dzinobudisa mukaka kuti dzinoyamwisa vana vadzo.Iyo iri muhurongwa hwePrimate, iyo inoidzikisa pasi zvakanyanya.Mhuri yavo iHominidae, genus yayo iHomo, uye Sapien ndiyo mhando.
Mubvunzo wekunyengera (ndine hurombo);ndisu.Ichokwadi kuti vanhu vakaparadzaniswa nemamwe marudzi nenzira dzakakosha, asi isu tichiri mhuka.Saizvozvo, isu takaomerwa kunyudzwa munyika yechisikigo.Dr. Frances Kuo vanobva kuUniversity of Illinois kuChampaign-Urbana vanoti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzisina miti kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa vanosangana nekuputsika kwemagariro, pfungwa uye nemuviri zvakada kufanana nezvinoonekwa mune dzimwe mhuka dzinenge dzanyimwa. Natural habitat.
Pakati pezvimwe zvakawanikwa, tsvakiridzo yaDr. Kuo inoratidza kuti vanhu vakura vanorarama kwenguva yakareba kana dzimba dzavo dziri pedyo nepaki kana imwe nzvimbo yakasvibira, zvisinei nemagariro avo kana hupfumi, uye kuti vadzidzi vekoreji vanoita zvirinani pabvunzo dzekuziva kana mahwindo e dorm achiona zvimiro zvechisikigo. .
Tsvagiridzo yake inoratidzawo kuti vana vane ADHD vane zviratidzo zvishoma mushure mekuita zvekunze munzvimbo dzakasvibirira.
Munyika yose, vanhu vanokwezvwa nezvisikwa, kunyange kana uri mufananidzo bedzi.Kunyanya, tinowana savanna, kwatakatanga kuva vanhu makore 200,000 apfuura, inofadza zvikuru.Isu tinokwevera kunzvimbo dzakafanana semapaki, uye tinotevedzera mayadhi edu nenzira imwecheteyo.Kuburikidza neDNA yedu, pamwe nemamwe mageneti anonzi epigenes, takabatana zvisingaparadzanisiki nenyika yakasikwa.
Iyi yakaoma-wiring yakaratidzirwa nechaiyo-nguva yehuropi imaging.Mhando dzemapateni anosangana nemunhu muchisikigo, angave mupine cones, nautilus shells, diatoms, snowflakes, matavi emiti, kana jecha dunes, anonzi fractal mapatani.Rwiyo rweshiri uye ruzha rwemafungu ari kuputsika maitiro akafanana.Fractal mapatani, zvinozoitika, zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya mafungu ehuropi hwedu munzira dzakanaka.
Nyaya yaFebruary 2014 mu guardian.com inotsanangura kuti varwere vechipatara mumakamuri ane maonero emiti vane nguva shoma yekugara muchipatara uye kudiwa kuduku kwemishonga inorwadza kana ichienzaniswa nevarwere vasina masikirwo akadaro.Inoenderera mberi ichiti mushure meawa imwe chete mune yakasikwa mamiriro, ndangariro kuita uye kutarisisa nguva inovandudza 20%.
Vatsvakurudzi vepaYunivhesiti yeRochester vanotaura kuti kutarisana nenyika yechisikigo kunoita kuti vanhu vakure hukama hwepedyo, kukoshesa nharaunda zvakanyanya, uye kuva nerupo.
Semuridzi wemiti, ndakatora nguva refu ndichitsvaga tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti kudyara miti kunoderedza hutsotsi zvakanyanya.Miti inowedzerawo kukosha kwemidziyo, uye sezvineiwo, inoita kuti vanhu vashandise mari yakawanda.Zvingave zvirimwa pazvitoro kana miti iri mudhorobha rezvitoro, vanhu vanopedza yakawanda greenbacks munzvimbo dzakasvibira.
Kwete chete tinopindura kune zvakasikwa, isu hatina kurasikirwa nekugona kwedu kuita nayo.Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaratidza kuti vanhu vanogona kuronda zvakanaka nekunhuhwirira.Avo vane hurema hwekuona vanga vachishandisa echolocation kwemamwe makore ikozvino, asi chimwe chichangobva kuwanikwa ndechekuti isu tinokwanisa kuenzanisa pamwe chete nezviremwaremwa.
Paakabvunzwa kana vanhu vachida zvinhu zvakasikwa, Dr. Kuo akapindura kuti, “Semusayendisiti handikwanisi kukuudzai.Handisati ndagadzirira kutaura izvozvo, asi saamai vanoziva zvinyorwa zvesayenzi, ndingati, hongu.”Kunyangwe tichichida kana kungoda chete, isu tiri pakugona kwedu muzvarirwo, saka tora mukana wezvakawanda zvakanakira.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa paAmazon.
Kutyaira motokari pakupera kwevhiki kwechirimo kunondisuwisa.Imhaka yekuti ini ndinogara ndichipfuura imwe mhuri kunze kwelawn mune yekuAmerican Gothic kumisikidzwa: foshoro iri muruoko, pamwe newavakaroora uye nevana.Pane muti mudiki wakanaka kubva kubindu pakati kune rimwe divi rawo, uye gomba rakadzika muvhu kune rimwe divi.Dai ndisina kunyara kudaro, ndaimbomira ndopa nyaradzo yangu.Zviri pachena kuti vari kuita mariro emuti.
Zuva reArbor riri kuuya neChishanu, Kubvumbi 24, saka funga kudyara muti nemhuri yako kana shamwari.Asi ita kuti chinhu chacho chigare kwenguva refu kupfuura iwe.Hapana pfungwa yekurenda muti mugomba rekudyara rakadzika kana uchigona kuridyara mune rakakodzera.
Miti midzi yakafara - katatu kureba kwebazi, ichidzivirira chipingamupinyi - uye haina kudzika.Zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvemidzi yemiti iri pamusoro pemasentimita gumi evhu, uye 98% iri mumasendimita gumi nemasere epamusoro.Midzi yemiti haina kudzika nekuti inoda kufema nguva nenguva.Ndinofunga tese tinogona kuenderana nazvo.
Ivhu pores inobvumira midzi kuti iwane oxygen, iyo inozopedzisira inobva muvhu.Mwero weokisijeni unodonha nekudzika kwevhu, uchizosvika pedyo-zero.Mune silt, ivhu kana loam ivhu, nzvimbo iyoyo inogona kuva isingasviki tsoka pasi.Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma, kuwedzera manyowa kana mupfudze kune gomba rekudyara rakadzika kunoita kuti midzi ivhare, nekuti tupukanana tunopwanya organic matter huchashandisa oxygen yese yasara.
Muti wese unouya nemirairo yekudyara, kunyangwe pasina tag.Kuti uverenge nzira idzi, tsvaga nzvimbo pedyo nebhesi apo hunde inokura uye midzi inotanga.Iyi inonzi trunk flare, uye ndiyo yakadzika geji.Iyo hunde inoputika inofanira kungoonekwa chete pamusoro pevhu.Nemuenzaniso mudiki kwazvo, kunyanya muti mudiki wakabatanidzwa, izvi zvinogona kunetsa.Nyatsowana mudzi wepamusoro woumisa ingangoita inch pazasi pepamusoro.
Haisi miti yose yakasimwa zvakanyanya inofa, asi yose inotambura zvikuru, uye kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, zvichavatorera makore kuti vabate muti wakafanana wakasimwa nemazvo.Kazhinji, miti midiki inofamba zviri nani pane mikuru.Dzimwe nguva muti mudiki unogona kurarama nekutumira kunze fibrous (adventitious) midzi kubva padzinde rawo pazasi pevhu.Miti mikuru inoita izvi zvakare, asi mitsva mitsva haitsigire kumusoro kwakakura.
Pane tsumo yevakuru inoti, “chera gomba remadhora makumi mashanu nemuti wemadhora mashanu.Zvingada kugadziridzwa kukwira kwemitengo asi pfungwa yacho ichine mari.Gomba rekudyara rinofanirwa kunge rakaita soso uye 2-3 nguva yedhayamita yemidzi, asi isina kudzika, kana Mapurisa eKudyara anogona tikiti kwauri.Kwete chaizvo, asi kana arborist akaitika kuti auye pamwe chete, vanogona kukuseka zvinotyisa.
Usati wadzorera shure, bvisa zvose burlap uye twine.Makeji ewaya pamiti yebhora-uye-burlap anofanira kuchekwa kana muti waiswa mugomba.Midzi yemiti yakasimwa mumudziyo inogona kunge iine midzi inotenderera inofanirwa kunyombwa yakatwasuka, kana kuti inozosunga midzi makore gare gare yodzipa hunde.
Kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaomeswa kubackfill zvingangove zvakatanga kare, apo vanhu vaigona kubata arborist, kana imwe yaive nemaoko, voikanda mugomba rekudyara.Zvichida mukupindura kune izvi, maarborists zvino vanokurudzira zvishoma kana kusawedzera organic zvinhu mune dzakawanda zviitiko.
Mujecha rakanyanyisa kana rinorema ivhu revhu, mwero (kusvika 30%) huwandu hwe peat moss, compost kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvinogona kushandiswa mukudzosera kumashure.Usawedzera jecha kuvhu, kunyange zvakadaro—ndiwo magadzirirwo anoitwa zvidhinha, uye miti yakawanda haikuri zvakanaka muzvidhinha.Kuwedzera organic zvinhu kupfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu nehuwandu kunogona kukonzera "teacup effect," uye midzi inogona kudzipwa.Fertilizer inonetsa pazvitsva zvinoisirwa, saka mirira rinenge gore pane izvozvo.Muvhu rine utano, muti unogona kusamboda fetireza yekutengeserana.
Diridza zvakanaka paunenge uchizadza kumashure, uye dhonza ivhu netsvimbo kana mubato wefoshoro kuti ubvise homwe dzemhepo.Kunze kwekunge nzvimbo yacho ine mhepo zvakanyanya zvakanaka kuti usarove muti.Movement inodiwa kuti hunde yakasimba kukura.Masendimita maviri kusvika mana emuvharo pamusoro penzvimbo yekudyara (asi kwete kubata hunde) ichabatsira kuchengetedza unyoro uye kudzvinyirira sora.Zvinenge zvisingabviri kuwedzera-kudiridza kutsva kutsva, asi zvinoitika.Mumwaka wose wekutanga, tarisa ivhu mazuva mashomanana kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti rakanyorova asi risina mvura.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Kukwezva kwedunhu kunovhura Kubvumbi wega wega, uye kweanoda kusvika mavhiki mana - zvichienderana nemumvuri, chimiro uye kukwirira - unogona kuona "show" munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakavhurika dziri pedyo newe.Kuita kwacho ndekwemahara, kunyangwe matinees chete aripo.
Chiitiko chechirimo ndiko kutumbuka kwechirimwa chakapararira, kunyange chisingazivikanwe, chinotanga maruva.Zvichienderana nekuti ndiani waunobvunza, inogona kutsanangurwa semuti kana shrub, izvo zvinoita kuti ndishamise kana iri kuvanza chimwe chinhu.Muchokwadi, chinhu ichi chine akawanda aliases kupfuura imwe yeAmerica Inonyanya Kudiwa.Yakasiyana inozivikanwa seserviceberry, shadbush, shadwood, shadblow, Saskatoon, juneberry uye wild-plum, muti mudiki kusvika pakati nepakati unopindurawo kuAmelanchier canadensis, zita rayo rebhotani.Pane izvo zvingasarudzwa, ndinosarudza juneberry, kunyange zvazvo michero yayo inogona kuibva kutanga kwaJuly kuchamhembe kweNew York State.
Ndicho chirimwa chekutanga chine miti kuburitsa maruva anoonekera, uye maruva ayo machena anogona kuonekwa mumigwagwa, mufenzi uye kumucheto kwesango munzvimbo yedu yese izvozvi.Makwati anotsvedzerera, grey-silver anoyevedza ari oga.Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, juneberries inogona kukura se-multi-stem clump, asi inowanzokura semiti imwe chete-trunk inosvika 20 kusvika 40 mamita kureba.Hakusi chete kutumbuka kwayo kwekutanga kunakidza, ivo vari kushambadza nzvimbo yekwakabva ma berries ayo anozvirumbidza zvakanyanya kukosha kwekudya kupfuura chero mimwe michero yemuno.
Juneberries inowanzoregererwa sechikafu chekudya, pamwe nekuti shiri dzinogona kutirova kune punch, uye pamwe nekuti juneberries inokura kureba zvekuti chibereko dzimwe nguva hachisviki.Nekuti juneberries ine hunyoro hushoma pane mablueberries, iwo akakwira zvishoma muprotein uye makabhohaidhiretsi, zvichiita kuti ive chikafu chikuru chevatambi uye vamwe vanhu vanoshanda.
Iwo ma berries akapfava, akasviba epepuru ane potasium yakapetwa kaviri seblueberries mukuwedzera kune yakawanda magnesium uye phosphorous.Ivo inzvimbo yakanaka yesimbi, zvakare, vane kanenge kaviri kupfuura blueberries.Juneberries anewo vhitamini C yakawanda, thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vhitamini B-6, vhitamini A uye vhitamini E.
Juneberries inogadzira chirimwa chinoyevedza, uye inogona kushandiswa kukwezva shiri dzinoimba semisidhari waxwings kudivi rako.Amelanchier alnifolia, mhuka inobva kuNorthern Plains yakabatana zvikuru nechekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweA. canadensis, iri nani kushandiswa kwemusha, sezvo isingakure seyakareba, saka chibereko chichagara chiri mukati mekusvika.Inogona kushivirira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo uye ichabudirira kunyange muvhu rakashata.Zuva rakazara ndiro rinofanira, zvisinei.Chimwe chinowedzera ndechokuti juneberry mashizha anoshandura salmon-pink inoshamisa mukudonha, ichiwedzera kukosha kwayo se shrub.Bvunza nursery yako yemuno nezve juneberry cultivars.
Ma berries anonaka, uye anoita mapie akanaka.Izvo zvakanyanya kunaka kutonhora, sezvavanogadzira zvakanakisa, zvinovaka muviri-packed smoothies gore rose.Zvinobatsira kuamisa kutanga pama cookie sheets, wozoaendesa kumidziyo yakawanda.Nenzira iyo havaumbe rudzi rwemonolithic juneberry glacier inoda chisel, kutarisa kwevanhu vakuru uye kiti chekubatsira kwekutanga kubvisa chunk.
Marudzi akapoteredza kuchamhembe kweNorth America aikoshesa juneberry, uye vagari vomuEurope vakatevedzera muenzaniso wavo.Iwewo unogona kutora mukana weiyi muchero wemusango usingakosheswi.Iyi inguva yakanaka yekucherechedza nzvimbo yemiti yejuneberry yekukohwa muzhizha rino.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Imwe yemiti yangu yandinofarira inogona kuita zvakawanda, kana kuvhiringika.Kune rimwe divi, nyanzvi dzinodya mhuka dzakaita setsuro nemhembwe dzinoramba kana kuibata, asi vanhu vazhinji, kusanganisira ini, vachaidya nemufaro zuva rega rega ravanenge varipo.Nepo kubata nayo kunorwadza, kwakaratidza kudzikisa kumwe kurwadziwa kusingaperi.Yakanyura mumakore anopfuura chiuru engano, pane imwe nguva yakazadzwa nesimba rokubvisa chivi, asi sayenzi yezvokurapa inoiona somushonga uri pamutemo wezvirwere zvakawanda.Vamwe varimi vanoriona sora rinonetsa, asi vamwe vanoririma.
Mhungu inoruma, Urtica dioica, inowanikwa kuEurope, Asia, uye kuchamhembe kweAfrica asi yakapararira muNorth America yose kubva kuchamhembe kweMexico kusvika kuchamhembe kweCanada kwemazana emakore.Vanamazvikokota havabvumirani pamusoro pehuwandu hwemhando dzenettle uye subspecies pasi rose.Kuvhiringa zvinhu, mazhinji acho anoyambuka achigadzira mahybrids.Kunyange zvazvo mhando shoma dzisingarume, kana iri nettle uye ichikupa rash, zvakanaka kuti uidedze mhata.
Minda inomera tutsono tudiki pamazinde, mashizha, uye kunyange maruva awo.Anonzi trichomes, aya magirazi-akafanana nesilica-based tsono anobaya musanganiswa wemakemikari anogumbura paanosangana.Cocktail inosiyana nemhando, asi kazhinji inosanganisira histamine, 5-HTP, serotonin, formic acid uye acetylcholine.
Saka nei mumwe aizoisa uyu muvengi ane zvombo zvakakwana mumiromo yavo?Eya, kana rukato rwabikwa, vhudzi rinobaya rinoparadzwa.Uyezve, mbira ndiyo inonaka yakabikwa yegirini, yemusango kana yemumba, yandati ndambowana.Inonaka sehuku.Nhambe.Inonaka sespinachi, kunze kwekutapira.Nettle inogona kubikwa, kubikwa, kana kubvongodzwa.Iwo akakura ari ega kana mumasobho, omelets, pesto, casseroles, kana zvakanyanya chero chikafu chinonaka chaunogona kuuya nacho.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvandinonyanya kufarira nezve nettles ndechekuti ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvekutanga zvakasvibirira kuenda kana chando chanyunguduka.Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chete misoro yemiti miduku inokohwewa kuti idye.Chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti kana iwe uchinyanya kunhonga, pwere dzepamusoro dzinokura zvakare.Pakupedzisira vanozorebesa uye vaomerwa, asi kunhonga kazhinji kunogona kutambanudza mwaka wenettle kusvika munaJune.
Pahwaro hwehuremu hwakaoma, mbira dzakakwirira muprotein (anenge 15%) kupfuura chero mimwe miriwo yegirinhi yemashizha.Idzo inzvimbo yakanaka yesimbi, potasium, calcium, uye mavhitamini A uye C, uye vane hutano hwereshiyo yeOmega-3/ Omega-6 fatty acids.Nemhaka yekuti kuomesa kunoitawo kuti rukavi rumborwe, zvave kushandiswa sechikafu chezvipfuwo.Mazuva ano rukato runowanzo kudyiswa kuhuku dzinokandira kuti dzibudirire.
Yunivhesiti yeMaryland Medical Center inoshuma kuti njuzu dzinobatsira kubvisa zviratidzo, sekunetseka kuita weti, zveBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) muvarume.Panyaya yekushandisa marwadzo kubvisa marwadzo, U ye M Medical Center inotaurawo kuti tsvakurudzo "... inoratidza kuti vamwe vanhu vanowana zororo kubva pamarwadzo emajoini nekuisa shizha renettle kumusoro kunzvimbo inorwadza.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kutora muromo wemukanwa wenettle inoruma, pamwe chete nenonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), yakabvumira vanhu kuderedza yavo NSAID dose. "
Sekutaura kwakaita The Cat in the Hat, handizvo zvoga.Iwe ungafunga kuti maU eM aitengesa mbira nenzira yavanoita sevanodzisimudzira.Funga nezvetsinhiro iyi: “Kumwe kuongorora kwokutanga kwevanhu kwakakarakadza kuti mishonga yenettle yakabatsira kuderedza kuhotsira nokukwenya muvanhu vane fivha.Mune imwe ongororo, 57% yevarwere vakaratidza mhumhi seunoshanda mukubvisa allergies, uye 48% vakati mbira dzaive dzakanyanya kushanda kupfuura mishonga yeallergies yavakamboshandisa.
Varimi vebindu vanoshandisa rukato se“mupfudze wegirini” nokuti iwo (rukavi, ndiko kuti—varimi vebindu vangava vane nitrogen yakawanda, asi havawanzowedzerwa muvhu.) vane nitrogen yakawanda, pamwe chete nesimbi nemanganese.Nettles inogonawo kubatsira kukwezva zvipembenene zvinobatsira.
Chii chausingagone kuita nerukato?Ndinofungidzira vakaita se“kuda” kwaDr. Seuss.Zvinoratidza kuti iwe unogona kuzvipfeka, zvakare.Nettles ave achishandiswa kwemakore 2,000 sesosi yefiber yekugadzira machira.Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I, Germany yakashandisa nettle fiber kugadzira yunifomu yemauto.Ndakagadzira cordage kubva kune nettle stems ndichishandisa nzira yakapusa inonzi reverse-kuputira.
Kana uine rukato, pedza nguva uchitanha miriwo inovaka muviri kana chirimo chasvika.Chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: Kana wakakomberedzwa nembira, haufanirwe kunetseka nezve kufambidzana munharaunda!
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Pane imwe nguva takambonetsekana pamusoro pegwaro rainzi rakanyorwa neChirungu, asi richizobuda mumutauro wekune imwe nyika semutemo-ese, medical-ese, kana science-ese.Matauriro akadaro ekusaziva anogona kutisiya tichinzwa kufinhwa, kuvhiringika, kuvhiringidzika uye kutya.Zvakanaka, sainzi yaratidza kuti kushandisa izwi hombe kana diki ringaite zvakanaka kwakaipa kwatiri tese.
Iyo Kukadzi 12, 2020 edition yeThe Ohio State News yakasimbisa ongororo ichangoburwa nezve njodzi dzesainzi jargon, inotungamirwa naHillary Schulman, mubatsiri purofesa wekutaurirana paOhio State University.Shulman nechikwata chake vakagumisa kuti “Kushandiswa kwemashoko akaoma, ane unyanzvi chiratidzo chinoudza vanhu kuti havasi vekwavo.Unogona kuvaudza zvinorehwa nemashoko acho, asi hazvina basa.Vanotoona sekuti meseji iyi haisi yavo.”
Ndinonyunyuta pano neapo nezve jargon.Funga nezve chokwadi chekuti mhuka dzine ropa rinodziya chete dzinoenda kunorara muchando.Zvinokambaira uye amphibians vanofanirwa kubvuma kushamwari dzavo kuti vanongoputika mumwaka unotonhora, nepo mhuka dzinoenda dzakarara mukupisa kwekunze dzinoda kutaura kuti dzinofungidzira, pane kuvharika.Ndinodedera kufungidzira kuzvidzikisirwa kwandakaitwa kunzi munhu asina kurara akarara.
Asi muchokwadi ini ndiri chimwe chinhu chemunyengeri, nekuti ndinoda chinyararire muchivande, uye chinopinda mukunyora kwangu zvishoma pane zvine hutano.Zvakatangira paPaul Smith's College kuchamhembe kweNY State apo ndakadzidza "benthic invertebrates" zvaive zvinhu zvinokambaira mumadhaka uye pasi pematombo pazasi pehova.Pakarepo vakava vakakodzera zvikuru kudzidza.Ini ndaidada nebepa rangu renguva, yekuseka-Environmental Impact Statement umo ndakataura zvinhu zvakaita seLloyd, Zar uye Carr Modification yeSorenson Coefficient of Species Diversity and Evenness, umo izwi rekuti "C" rakaenzana ne3.321928 (ndapota tarisa kuTafura B muwedzero).
Mapurofesa angu ainyatsoziva zvandaitaura.Asi dambudziko remugari wepakati anoda kuziva zvingangoita mega-budiriro muguta rekumusha kwavo hazvina kuitika kwandiri panguva iyoyo.Kuita manzwisisiro emazana kana zviuru zvemapeji ehupenzi seizvi muEnvironment Impact Statement haisi yevasina simba.
Ipapo ndakashandira New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) kuti iongorore uye kuchenesa ivhu nemvura yepasi yakasvibiswa nemafuta nezvinonyungudutsa.Kana, mune jargon yebhizinesi, L-NAPL uye D-NAPL.Aya ndiwo marudzi maviri emaapuro ane chepfu, ndinofunga.Chaizvoizvo ivo vanomiririra "Chiedza, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids" uye "Dense, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids."Mushure memishumo mishoma izere neaya mazwi, pamwe nezvinhu zvakaita se "air-sparging through heterogeneic micro-lenses in glacial outwash formations," uye "seasonal hydrogeological gradient reversals," maziso angu aizoyambuka.Uye ndiwo mapepa andakanyora.
Mubvunzurudzo neCBC Radio's As It Happens mutambi Carol Off zuva rimwe chetero rakabuda mushumo waSchulman, Schulman akajekesa kuti "Handirevi kutsigira chirevo.Ndinofunga kuti pane chokwadi uye kushanda nesimba nemashoko aya anonzwisiswa nevanhu vanoziva.”Ichi chinhu chakakosha.Semuyenzaniso, ese emhando yejagoni yandakadzidza kushandisa paNYSDEC aive akakosha mukutaura nevapi vemazano nevakondirakiti.Ndakaona kuti mushure mekunge ndanyudzwa munyika yekugadzirisa kurasika makore mashoma, zvakava hunhu hwechipiri kutaura nemunhu wese nenzira iyoyo.Ini ndaifanira kudzidza zvakare kutaura zvakajairwa, toti, muridzi wemba ane tsime rakasvibiswa kana zvichienzaniswa neanopa mazano akapihwa basa rekugadzira filtration system.Mukukosha kwese, tingangoda shanduro dzemishumo yehunyanzvi, dzakaitwa nevanyori vakanaka vane ruzivo rwakasimba mundima dzakateerana.
Sezvakataurwa naHillary Schulman kuCBC, "Kana masayendisiti akashandisa mazwi aya anogona kunge ari kutsausa vateereri vavo kupfuura zvavanoziva."Ini handikodzeri sesainzi, asi ndinonyora nezvesainzi, saka ndichaedza kusanyanya kuvhiringidza ipapo.
Kuti uwane chinyorwa chizere kubva kuOhio State University, enda ku https://news.osu.edu/the-use-of-jargon-kills-peoples-interest-in-science…
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Kunyangwe amai vangu vekuIrish-America vakandidzidzisa kuti chivakashure O' ( dzinza re) pakutanga chaive chikamu chemazita echiIrish akadai saKelly, Murphy, Hogan naKennedy, zvaizonzwika sezvisinganzwisisike munzeve dzangu kuti mhuri idzi dzakangoerekana dzadzokera kuChekare. -Nyika fomu.Ini ndine nyaya imwe chete neyakajeka New-World marsupial, iyo opossum.MuGenesee Valley yeNew York State kwandakakurira, ava vatsoropodzi vari kwese-kwese vaizivikanwa kune vese semapossums, uye zvichiri kunzwika kunze kwenyika kunzwa zita ravo richidudzwa nemasyllable matatu.
Pamhando zana nenhatu dzinozivikanwa dzeopossums munyika, dzinenge dzese dzinogara kuSouth neCentral America (kune rekodhi, hakuna possums kana opossums muIreland).Kuno kuNorth America, tine imwe chete, Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
Zvinoita sekuti mhuka iyi yakashanduka-shanduka kuSouth America, ichitanga kuoneka muchinyorwa chezvicherwa makore 20 miriyoni apfuura.Yakadzungaira kuchamhembe makore angangoita miriyoni 2.7 apfuura panguva inonzi "The Great American Interchange," sezviri pachena imwe mhando yepurogiramu yekutanga yekuchinjana kune dzimwe nyika.Apa ndipo paive apo mhuka dzekuchamhembe dzakaita semhembwe, makava, tsuro, mapere, mapere nemaotter dzakapinda muSouth America.Kuwedzera kune possums, vatsoropodzi vekumaodzanyemba vakatamira kuchamhembe vanosanganisira mhuka dzemhuka uye zviremwaremwa zvevampire, pamwe nemurwi wezvipenyu zvaisada mamiriro ekunze edu, uye zvakabva zvatsakatika pano.
Kufanana ne skunk, moose, muskrat, woodchuck nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzinobva kuAmerica, idzi mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzinozivikanwa kwatiri isu vatorwa vekuEurope nerimwe remazita avo ekuzvarwa.Panyaya iyi, opossum ishoko rePowhatan, rakatanga kunyorwa muChirungu naKaputeni John Smith munenge muna 1609 paJamestown munharaunda yeVirginia.Ndakaverenga kuti izwi rePowhatan rekuti “apassum” raireva chimwe chinhu chichena uye chakaita sembwa, asi Smith akatsanangura chikara ichi sechikatsi, chine muswe wegonzo, uye musoro sewenguruve.
Nanhasi, vanhu vanoseka kuti opossum yakaunganidzwa nezvikamu zvakasara, kunyangwe ini ndichifunga kuti platypus inotora mubairo weizvozvo, (webbed) maoko-pasi.Ndinofanira kubvuma kuti possums inoratidzika kunge diki: Vane zvigunwe zvinopikisa semaape, koalas uye pandas, kunyangwe tsoka dzavo dzekumashure, kwete dzemberi, ndidzo dzinomhanya zvakanyanya.Iwo ega maAmerican marsupial, ane akavakirwa-mukati-mucheche-chipfuramabwe sezvinoita kangaroo uye wallabies.Miswe yadzo ine manyawi, inokwanisa kumonerera nekubata zvinhu sezvinoita tsoko.Uye nemuromo wakazara nemazino 50 akafanana netsono, possums ndiyo mhuka inoyamwisa mazino yekuNorth America.Zvichida ivo vashoma ve-spare-parts critter, uye zvakanyanya semhuka yezvishandiso zvakawanda.
Enzaniso iyoyo ingava yeunyanzvi, sezvo possum inochinjika zvikuru, isingamboiti nharo pamusoro pezvainodya kana kuti inogara kupi.Kudya kwavo kunogona kusanganisira chero chinhu kubva kumarara nenyama inoora, kune michero mitsva nemaveggies, kurarama amphibians nemazai eshiri.Mhuri yeopossum yevacheche vanosvika gumi nenhatu vari pamusha zvakaenzana mumuti usina mhango musango, gomba rakasiiwa rehuni papurazi, kana kuti pasi peberere rekuseri mumusha.
Kudyidzana kwavo kune zvakaora uye zvimwe zvekudya zvinonhuwa zvinopa opossums mukurumbira wakashata, asi kana zvichienzaniswa nemakonzo, raccoon uye skunk izvo zvinobata mabhini ecompost uye kuuraya-mumugwagwa, vanobuda vachinhuwa semaruva.Kutanga, possums haawanzobatwa nemarabi.Zvinotendwa kuti tembiricha yavo yakadzikira zvakanyanya inoita kuti zviome kuti hutachiona urarame, ndosaka vasinganzi varabies vector.Iwo anowanzo kupfava, uye haazivikanwe kunetsa vanhu kana mhuka dzinovaraidza.
Kutaura idi, kunyange kana possum yainzwa kushatirwa, sezvingabvira yaizotadza kuzvidzivirira."Kutamba possum" haisi zano, asi mhinduro yetsinga dzakafanana nekubata.Sezvo muviri wayo uchimonya uye kuoma, miromo yaro inokwevera kumashure kuti ibudise mazino ayo, ayo anovharwa nemate anopupuma.Chinhu chinonyanya kunakidza ndechekuti mvura inonhuwa inobuda kubva kugomarara rayo.Zvinotora chero kubva pamaminetsi mashoma kusvika maawa akati wandei kuti mhuka itangezve kuziva.Hazvishamisi kuita kunomanikidza kwakadaro kwakaiswa mupossum DNA.Uku kuita kwekuzvisarudzira kwakasimba nezera, saka wechidiki anogona kusawana memo yekufenda kwemaminetsi mashoma mumutambo wekuridza muridzo.
Zvino sezvo chikwekwe chine makumbo matema kana mhembwe chatanga mudunhu redu, chirwere cheLyme nemisiyano yayo yakati wandei, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe, injodzi chaiyo.Kana maopossum akasakurova seakanaka, unogona kuvafarira zvirinani paunodzidza kuti vanodya zvingangoita makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana ezvikwekwe zvavanowana pamiviri yavo.Vakatobatwa nekamera vachicheka zvikwekwe zvakazvimba pazviso zvemhembwe.Tichifunga kuti chikwekwe chemunhukadzi chinozvimba zvakapetwa ka600 uremu hwayo hwepakutanga, ndinofungidzira kuti kudya imwe kunenge kwakaenzana nekuva nesoseji yeropa pakudya kwemanheru.
Zvinofungidzirwa pahuwandu hwezvikwekwe zvadzinouraya dzinosiyana zvakanyanya, asi mukufamba kwayo kwemakore maviri kusvika mana, opossum inogona kuuraya zvikwekwe 20 000 kusvika ku40 000.Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sokuti tose tinofanira kutanga kusimudza pet possums, ngatiisei izvi mumamiriro ezvinhu: nhamba idzodzo dzinomiririra vana vezvikwekwe zvehadzi 7 kusvika ku14 chete.Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri nani pane chinhu.
Zvinoenderana neresearchgate.net, maopossums aitenderwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States makore zana apfuura.Panguva iyoyo mutsara wavo waibva kumabvazuva kweTexas uchikwira kuchamhembe kweIllinois, ipapo kumabvazuva, uchienda kumaodzanyemba kweGreat Lakes mumutsetse wakashata uchiyambuka kuchamhembe kwePennsylvania kusvika kumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Iye zvino vanowanikwa muWisconsin, Michigan, neNew England, uye kumaodzanyemba kweOntario neQuebec zvakare.Pandakatamira kuSt. Lawrence Valley muna 2000, vagari vomunzvimbo iyi vakanga vakurira ikoko vakabvuma kuti kwakanga kusati kwava nemapossums munzvimbo iyoyo.Yakanga isiri kusvika 2016 pandakaona yangu yekutanga nzira-yakaurayiwa opossum ipapo.Kubva ipapo, kuona kwave kuchizivikanwa gore rega rega.
Hazvina kujeka kuti iyi inguva yechisikigo yekupararira here, kana kuti yakakwidziridzwa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunoitwa nevanhu semwaka wekukura kwenguva refu uye kutonhora kwechando.Opossums haazvivharidzire, saka zvinogoneka kuti kutonhora kwakanyanya kungave chinhu chakambomisa huwandu hwadzo.Zvisineyi, ndinokurudzira kuti tigamuchire vasina kujairika asi vakanyatsoshongedzwa vanosvika.Tose takambobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Pane imwe nguva takambonetsekana pamusoro pegwaro rainzi rakanyorwa neChirungu, asi richizobuda mumutauro wekune imwe nyika semutemo-ese, medical-ese, kana science-ese.Matauriro akadaro ekusaziva anogona kutisiya tichinzwa kufinhwa, kuvhiringika, kuvhiringidzika uye kutya.Zvakanaka, sainzi yaratidza kuti kushandisa izwi hombe kana diki ringaite zvakanaka kwakaipa kwatiri tese.
Iyo Kukadzi 12, 2020 edition yeThe Ohio State News yakasimbisa ongororo ichangoburwa nezve njodzi dzesainzi jargon, inotungamirwa naHillary Schulman, mubatsiri purofesa wekutaurirana paOhio State University.Shulman nechikwata chake vakagumisa kuti “Kushandiswa kwemashoko akaoma, ane unyanzvi chiratidzo chinoudza vanhu kuti havasi vekwavo.Unogona kuvaudza zvinorehwa nemashoko acho, asi hazvina basa.Vanotoona sekuti meseji iyi haisi yavo.”
Ndinonyunyuta pano neapo nezve jargon.Funga nezve chokwadi chekuti mhuka dzine ropa rinodziya chete dzinoenda kunorara muchando.Zvinokambaira uye amphibians vanofanirwa kubvuma kushamwari dzavo kuti vanongoputika mumwaka unotonhora, nepo mhuka dzinoenda dzakarara mukupisa kwekunze dzinoda kutaura kuti dzinofungidzira, pane kuvharika.Ndinodedera kufungidzira kuzvidzikisirwa kwandakaitwa kunzi munhu asina kurara akarara.
Asi muchokwadi ini ndiri chimwe chinhu chemunyengeri, nekuti ndinoda chinyararire muchivande, uye chinopinda mukunyora kwangu zvishoma pane zvine hutano.Zvakatangira paPaul Smith's College kuchamhembe kweNY State apo ndakadzidza "benthic invertebrates" zvaive zvinhu zvinokambaira mumadhaka uye pasi pematombo pazasi pehova.Pakarepo vakava vakakodzera zvikuru kudzidza.Ini ndaidada nebepa rangu renguva, yekuseka-Environmental Impact Statement umo ndakataura zvinhu zvakaita seLloyd, Zar uye Carr Modification yeSorenson Coefficient of Species Diversity and Evenness, umo izwi rekuti "C" rakaenzana ne3.321928 (ndapota tarisa kuTafura B muwedzero).
Mapurofesa angu ainyatsoziva zvandaitaura.Asi dambudziko remugari wepakati anoda kuziva zvingangoita mega-budiriro muguta rekumusha kwavo hazvina kuitika kwandiri panguva iyoyo.Kuita manzwisisiro emazana kana zviuru zvemapeji ehupenzi seizvi muEnvironment Impact Statement haisi yevasina simba.
Ipapo ndakashandira New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) kuti iongorore uye kuchenesa ivhu nemvura yepasi yakasvibiswa nemafuta nezvinonyungudutsa.Kana, mune jargon yebhizinesi, L-NAPL uye D-NAPL.Aya ndiwo marudzi maviri emaapuro ane chepfu, ndinofunga.Chaizvoizvo ivo vanomiririra "Chiedza, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids" uye "Dense, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids."Mushure memishumo mishoma izere neaya mazwi, pamwe nezvinhu zvakaita se "air-sparging through heterogeneic micro-lenses in glacial outwash formations," uye "seasonal hydrogeological gradient reversals," maziso angu aizoyambuka.Uye ndiwo mapepa andakanyora.
Mubvunzurudzo neCBC Radio's As It Happens mutambi Carol Off zuva rimwe chetero rakabuda mushumo waSchulman, Schulman akajekesa kuti "Handirevi kutsigira chirevo.Ndinofunga kuti pane chokwadi uye kushanda nesimba nemashoko aya anonzwisiswa nevanhu vanoziva.”Ichi chinhu chakakosha.Semuyenzaniso, ese emhando yejagoni yandakadzidza kushandisa paNYSDEC aive akakosha mukutaura nevapi vemazano nevakondirakiti.Ndakaona kuti mushure mekunge ndanyudzwa munyika yekugadzirisa kurasika makore mashoma, zvakava hunhu hwechipiri kutaura nemunhu wese nenzira iyoyo.Ini ndaifanira kudzidza zvakare kutaura zvakajairwa, toti, muridzi wemba ane tsime rakasvibiswa kana zvichienzaniswa neanopa mazano akapihwa basa rekugadzira filtration system.Mukukosha kwese, tingangoda shanduro dzemishumo yehunyanzvi, dzakaitwa nevanyori vakanaka vane ruzivo rwakasimba mundima dzakateerana.
Sezvakataurwa naHillary Schulman kuCBC, "Kana masayendisiti akashandisa mazwi aya anogona kunge ari kutsausa vateereri vavo kupfuura zvavanoziva."Ini handikodzeri sesainzi, asi ndinonyora nezvesainzi, saka ndichaedza kusanyanya kuvhiringidza ipapo.
Kuti uwane chinyorwa chizere kubva kuOhio State University, enda ku https://news.osu.edu/the-use-of-jargon-kills-peoples-interest-in-science…
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Mudzimai wangu wefrancophone anowanzo kunakidzwa pandinotanga kudzidza kudzidza, senge nguva yandakataura connard pandakareva canard.Kune vatauri veChirungu-mutauro mumwe kunze uko, canard zvinoreva dhadha, nepo rough yakaenzana neconnard ishoko rine nhetembo ne "spithead," uye rausingadi kuti vana vako vataure.Asi uko mallards uye mamwe madhadha-dhadha ane hanya, iwo maviri ane hukama.Iyo drake kana murume ndeye mhedziso connard dzimwe nguva.
Nheyo yaDarwin yokuti “kupona kweakasimba zvikuru” haisiriyo nguva dzose iri pamusoro pokuti ndiani anokunda muhondo yemhashu kana makwikwi emutsimba.Kusimba kunoreva kunyatsoenderana nemhoteredzo yomunhu kuti ararame kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti abereke uye nokudaro kupfuudza DNA yomunhu.Kupfuura zvimwe zvose, zvinoreva kuva anochinjika.
Dhidhi, pamwe ndiro dhadha rinonyanya kuzivikanwa muNorth America nedhireki rine musoro wakasvibira wakasvibira, bhiri reorenji rakajeka uye prim white collar, rinogona kunge riri iro rakasimba kupfuura mamwe marudzi ose.Asi izvo, University yeAlberta biologist Lee Foote akavadaidza kuti "Chevy Impala yemadhadha."Kune avo vakazvarwa mushure me1990, Impala yaimbove yakajairika yaive chinangwa chese, ingangoita bullet-proof sedan.
Native kuNorth neCentral America, Eurasia neNorth Africa, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) yakaunzwa kuSouth America, Australia, New Zealand, uye South Africa.Inogona kunge yakanyanya kushanda kunyangwe kupfuura iyo Impala.Sangano reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature, boka rakatsaurirwa kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, rinorinyora (dhadha, kwete mota) se“marudzi mashoma.
kunetseka.”Iri zita rinonzwika kuva risina basa, asi kune kunetseka munzvimbo dzakadai seSouth Africa neNew
Kusiyana nemotokari, uko mahybrids akanaka asi asingawanzo kusununguka, mallard hybrids akajairika zvekuti mamwe madhadha anogona kukurumidza kutsakatika semarudzi akasiyana.Kazhinji, chinhu chinotsanangudza rudzi inyaya yekuti haikwanise kuyambuka nemamwe marudzi kuti ibereke vana, kana chero ipi zvayo yakaorera.Mallards, sezviri pachena, haana kuverenga mabhuku.Ndinozvivenga kana zvisikwa zvikadaro.
Mallard hyper-hybridization imhaka yekuti vakashanduka mukupera kwePleistocene, ichangoburwa mune evolutionary mazwi.Mallards nehama dzavo "chete" vanotanga mazana mashoma ezviuru zvemakore.Mhuka dzakavamba mamiriyoni emakore apfuura dzakava nenguva yekupararira uye kugadzira zvigadziriso zvakasiyana, kazhinji kusanganisira kuchinja kwemuviri uye maitiro izvo zvinoita kuti dzisapindirane nemhando dzakambobatana.
Mallards anowanzo sangana nemadhadha matema ekuAmerica, asiwo anoberekana nedzimwe mhando gumi nembiri, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kana kutsakatika kwemarudzi.Sekureva kweGlobal Invasive Species Database (GISD), "Nekuda kwekuita [kwekuberekesa mallard], dhadha reMexico harichatorwa semhuka, uye asingasviki mashanu muzana emadhadha egrey asina kusanganiswa eNew Zealand achiripo."
Mallards imhando yedhadha kana dhadha rinotamba-tamba, rinoisa misoro pasi pemvura kuti ridye mollusks, makonye nehonye, kusiyana nekunyura mushure memhuka.Dzinodyawo mhodzi, huswa nezvinomera zvemumvura.Sezvo vakanyatsojairana nevanhu, vanoratidzika sevanongofarira kutora chingwa chemazuva-kare mumapaki eguta.
Nzira yavo yekubatana, kunyange isiri iyo inokonzera kubudirira kwavo, inogona kunge iri chiratidzo chayo.Muchikamu chinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe kubva muzana chemarudzi eshiri dzepasi, kukwirana chinhu chipfupi, chekunze apo zvinhu zvemukono zvinopfuudzwa kuhadzi nedziviri dzichibata musana wadzo zvinoguma pamwe chete izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti (nevanhu kanenge) "cloacal kiss. ”The cloaca inzira yeshiri inovhura iyo inoshandiswa kupfuudza mazai, tsvina uye chero, sezvinodiwa.Iyi PG-13 kuita inonzwika chero chinhu kunze kwerudo.
Mamwe madhadha akaenda kune imwe yakanyanyisa, achitamba muX-yakayerwa, bonde rechisimba.Varume vedhadha vanogona kuve nenhengo dzakareba kupfuura miviri yavo, izvo zvinoisa zvinhu mugwara kune isu vakomana.Zvakare, zvinowanzoitika kuti mallard drake akati wandei anobata nehuku yega yega, dzimwe nguva kamwechete, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera kukuvara kana, kashoma, kufa kwemukadzi.
Izvi zvinoita senge nzira yakaipa yekumhanyisa mhuka, nemadrakes achiuraya vanhukadzi.Asi kubva pakuona kweboka-kupona, pane imwe pfungwa pazviri.Vanhukadzi vakaonekwa vachiunganidza vakomana-dhadha vanoita kunge vasina chinhu chiri nani chekuita.Chikonzero chinoita kuti huku yeruzevha isvike paimba yedhamu kana mamwe madhiri- hangouts kuti iite kuti vamutevere zvine chekuita neupenyu hwayo.Kusiyana nehanzi rekuCanada, rinozivikanwa kurarama kubva pamakore gumi kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu mumasikirwo, mallards emusango ane avhareji yehupenyu hwemakore matatu kusvika mashanu.Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chepamusoro chehadzi, dzinotanga kubereka pazera remakore maviri, dzichasangana kamwe chete muupenyu hwadzo.Kusangana kwakawanda, izvo zvinogona kuisa huku munjodzi, zvinozoita kuti mazai ayo ave kubereka.
Uye vasikana-madhadha ane chakavanzika, kana chisinganzwisisike, zano - kana huku yakawana pfungwa dzevakomana, inogona kusakwanisa kuvabvisa asi inogona kutora duckling-baba.Kana murume asingamukodzeri, anotungamira nhengo yeakarasa-drake mumukadzi akafa kusvika apedza, copulation fake-out.Asi kana achida
dhiraki, mukomana ane rombo rakanaka achabvumirwa kufamba mayadhi mapfumbamwe.Saka kutaura – ndinokahadzika kuti yakareba kudaro.
Zviripachena, mallards haadi rubatsiro rwedu kutsvaga chikafu.Muzviitiko zvakawanda haisi pfungwa yakanaka - uye mitemo yemunharaunda inogona kurambidza - kudyisa shiri dzemvura.Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kusvibiswa kwemvura uye zvirwere, kunyangwe zvimwe zvirwere zvinobata vanhu.Kunonzi “kusvuuka kwevashahwi,” utachiona hwedhadha hunogona kubata vanoenda kumahombekombe egungwa, ndihwo hushoma pavari.The GISD inoti “… mallards ndiwo anonyanya kufambisa utachiona hweH5N1 [furuu yeshiri] sezvo achiburitsa huwandu hwakanyanya hwehutachiwana pane mamwe madhadha asi achiita seasina mvumo… inopa batano kushiri dzomusango, mhuka dzinopfuyiwa, uye vanhu zvichiita kuti ive utachiona hwakakwana hwoutachiona hunouraya.”
Hupenyu hupfupi hwemallards hwakaita kuti mhuka dzigadzire nzira dzinosanganisira hutsinye hwechirume.Vanhu havana pembedzo yakadaro.Zvingave dhadha kana isu vakomana tikabvumirana kusamboita senge connard, asi izvo zvingave zvisiri zvechokwadi munyika yakaoma.Zvichida tingaedza kutaura mitauro miviri.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Dzimwe nguva ndinoshamisika kana matambudziko eBhaibheri eEgypt yekare akagara mune imwe nzira kana imwe.Maruva ealgae ane chepfu, ayo anopota achishandura mvura kuva ruvara rweropa, ari kuwedzera.Unyunyu nenda zvakatsiviwa nezvikwekwe zvemhembwe, zvandingati zvakatonyanya kuipa, uye hapashaikwe chimvuramabwe mumwaka.Kuputika kwematatya kungave kusina kuitika kubvira munguva yaFarao, asi matatya ane muchetura anounzwa kuAustralia zvino ari kupenga ikoko, achiparadza marudzi ose emhuka dzomunzvimbomo.Uye pari zvino, mapoka emhashu ari kukonzera kuoma kukuru muSomalia, Ethiopia, uye Kenya.
Kuno Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, takasununguka kurudzi rwemhashu dzinofura dziri kuramba dzichikonzera kutambura muAfrica.Zvakangodaro, mhashu dzazova dambudziko rakadaro zvekuti muna 2014 Bazi reNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) rakazivisa kuti mhashu iyi inonzi Regulated Invasive Species, zvichireva kuti “haigoni kuunzwa munzanga yakasununguka.”Nemamwe mashoko, mhashu dzinongotenderwa zviri pamutemo munzvimbo yadzisingagoni kutiza.
Senguva dzose uku kuvhura kwekunyengera, kwandisingakumbire ruregerero.Mumitsipa yedu yehuni, mhashu inobata NYSDEC nemamwe mapoka ekuchengetedza mhashu nhema (Robinia pseudoacacia), miti ine mabviro muCentral-Eastern US.
Imwe nhengo yemhuri yepea, mhashu nhema inokura kusvika 60-80 tsoka kureba, uye inozviitira yayo nitrogen ne "kugadzirisa" nitrogen yemumhepo kuburikidza neiyo symbiotic ivhu mabhakitiriya pamidzi mafundo.Fetereza yemahara iyi inopa mhashu mukana wakanaka panzvimbo dzisina kudya kunovaka muviri.Pamusoro pezvo, ivo inyanzvi dzekuzvigadzira kuburikidza nemidzi yekuyamwisa kana nhungirwa, sezvinoita mapopulari.Kunyanya muvhu rakashata, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune-pedyo-monoculture masango emhashu.Mhashu inozvipa rimwe ziso dema nekuva neminzwa inopinza inokwanisa kutema zvipfeko neganda.
Netsanangudzo, mhuka inoparadza inobva kune imwe ecosystem (kazhinji mhiri kwemakungwa), inokwanisa kubudirira nekutsiva vakwikwidzi veko, uye inokonzeresa zvakakosha zvehupfumi, zvisikwa, kana hutano hwevanhu.Mienzaniso yakaita seemerald ash borer, nyuchi yeAsian longhorned betle, Japanese knotweed, uye swallow-wort zvinonyatsoenderana nebhiri iroro, zvichikonzera mabhiriyoni mukukuvara, asi zvisina unhu hunodzikinura.
Ndinofunga kuti zvakaipa kupenda zvose zvinopinda nebhurashi rimwe chete.Chinhu chimwe chete, tichifunga kuti kune marudzi anopfuura mazana mana ezvipenyu muNY State chete, bristles inopera nguva refu usati wapedza basa.Zvinoda kuziva kuti mhashu nhema, idzo nedzimwe nhoroondo dzakapararira kubva munharaunda yadzo makore 500 kana kupfuura apfuura, dzakangonzi dzinoparadza mukati memakore gumi apfuura.Pamapani, uye nzvimbo dzehuswa-shiri kazhinji, zvinogona kuva dambudziko.Zvisinei, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda uko kunobatsira zvakajeka, mune zvehupfumi pamwe chete nemamiriro ekunze.
Dr. Robert P. Barrett weMichigan State University, ave achitsvakurudza miti yemhashu mitema kubva muna 1978, anonyora kuti “…nekuda kweflavonoids muheartwood, [muti wemhashu nhema] unogona kugara kwemakore anopfuura zana muvhu.”Famba pamusoro, redwood, inongotora makore makumi matatu chete.Kuora-kuramba ndiko kunoita kuti kudiwa kwematanda eruzhowa rwemhashu kupfuure kupihwa panguva ino.
Hunhu uhu ndicho chikonzero mhashu nhema dzakaunzwa kuEurope mukutanga kwema1600s.Nekufamba kwenguva, vezvemasango vekuEurope vakaita basa repamusoro-soro rekusarudza maitiro akadai sehunde dzakatwasuka, dzakafanana, uye nhasi manyuko akanakisa emurwi wemhashu anonzi ari kuwanikwa muHungary.Varimi vokuEurope vakakurumidza kuona kuti mashizha emhashu aiva mapuroteni anokosha ezvipfuwo zvinodya, uye nanhasi achiri kushandiswa zvakadaro muEurope uyewo munyika dzakawanda dzeAsia kwaitengeswa mhashu nhema.
Vachinyorera chirongwa cheCornell Small Farms, Nyanzvi yeExtension Steve Gabriel vanoti vanochengeta nyuchi vanokoshesa mhashu nhema.Maruva ayo ndiwo anokosha emuto kunyuchi, uye huchi hunoguma hwavapo, dzimwe nguva hunonzi uchi hwomubayamhondoro, hunotsvakwa zvikuru.Gabriel anonyorawo kuti mhashu nhema inoshandiswa se "chirimwa chevanamukoti" kuminda yemiti yemichero nekuti inoisa nitrogen muvhu, uye haikanganisirwe nehupfu inoburitswa kubva mumidzi yewalnut.
Imwe pfungwa ndeyekuti mhashu nhema dzakanakira kudzoreredza makomba ematombo, migodhi yekubvisa uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma.Mumhedziso yepepa rake ra1990 rinonzi “Black Locust: A Multi-purpose Tree Species for Temperate Climates,” Dr. Barrett anoti “Somumwe wemiti inochinjika zvikuru uye inokura nokukurumidza inowanika kumamiriro okunze ari pakati nepakati, ichagara ichikosheswa nokuda kwokukukurwa kwevhu. kudzora uye kudyarazve masango panzvimbo dzakaoma.Masango matsva makuru emarudzi ari kukura nokukurumidza angadiwa kuderedza kuungana kweCO2 mumhepo yedu.”
Hakusi chete kuti mhashu nhema dzinokura nokukurumidza panzvimbo dzine urombo, huni dzayo dzine ukoshi hwepamusoro hwekupisa pavhoriyamu yemuti upi zvawo uri Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva.Machati ehuni-BTU haawanzobvumirana, zvichida nekuda kwekusiyana kwemamiriro ekukura kubva panzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo iyo inokanganisa huni hwehuni, asi mhashu nhema dzinowanzoonekwa pakati pe28 mamiriyoni ne29.7 mamiriyoni eBTU patambo.Izvi zvinoiisa padivi, kana zvishoma zvirinani pane, hickory.Miedzo yakaitwa neSouthern Forest Biomass Working Group yakawana kuti pamhando ipi neipi yemiti yakaedzwa, mhashu nhema ndiyo yakanga yakachipa kukura uye yakapa huwandu hwakanyanya hwekupisa, huine mazana maviri emamiriyoni eBTU paeka mushure memakore mashanu.
Nezvekutengesa, mhashu nhema dziri kudiwa zvakanyanya pamatanda emigodhi, zvisungo zvenjanji, kuvaka zvikepe, uye kune dzakawanda zvikumbiro uko kwakakosha kusaora.Zvinoenderana newood-database.com, "Black Locust idanda rakaoma uye rakasimba, rinokwikwidzana neHickory (Carya genus) sematanda akasimba uye akaomarara emumba, asi nekugadzikana uye kuramba kuora."Sangano reInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature rinoiona seimwe yenzvimbo dzakasimba uye dzine hushamwari hwematanda, uye The National Wildlife Foundation inoti ine marudzi makumi mashanu nenomwe emashavishavi nezvipfukuto.Zvese zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekurova mhashu kubva pamazita ematambudziko.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Mukuedza kusimudzira mararamiro ane hutano, ndinoda kuyambira veruzhinji nezvekemikari ine njodzi mukudya uye zvinwiwa zvedu.Imwe inonyanya kuita seyakaoma kunzvenga.Ngwarira Dihydrogen Oxide, musanganiswa unotyisa unokwanisa kukanganisa simbi, kunyungudutsa kongiri, uye kukuvadza nhevedzano yemidziyo yemumba.Mira, kwete – imvura chete.Ndakafara pasina chinhu.
Zvakanaka, heino nhau inoshungurudza inopenya: organic carrots inozivikanwa kuti ine (2E,4E,6E,8E) -3,7-dimethyl-9- (2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen), inozivikanwawo seretinoic acid.Batirira;urombo – ndiwo chaiwo Vitamin A. Asi soya isina mushonga wezvipembenene inoiswa 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin.Izvo zvichaita kuti iwe ufunge kaviri nezvekuisa tofu paforogo yako.Oops, ndazviita zvakare.Izvo zvinhu ndeye Vitamin B6, inowanikwa muzviyo zvakawanda - ruregerero nekuisa tsoka yangu mumuromo mangu.
Tese tinoda hutano, hunonaka, chikafu chisina chepfu.Nehurombo, zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kunetsa kuziva kana kudya kwedu kuchienderana nerondedzero iyoyo.Matemu akadai se "organic" uye "natural" ave akadiridzwa-pasi uye azere nedhaka rehutongi - izvo zvandinokurudzira kuti munhu wese adzivise, nenzira - uye arasikirwa nezvakawanda kukosha.Muchidimbu (kunze kwekunge uine allergic), zvikafu zviri mumwaka uye munharaunda zvinogara zvakatinakira.Kana murimi ari Certified Organic, kana anogona kupupurira chibereko chavo kana nyama haina kurapwa nemakemikari, zviri nani.Asi hapana nzira yekuvimbisa kuti chimwe chikafu hachina akawedzera makomisheni.
Chinhu chimwe chekuchengeta mupfungwa ndechekuti zvese zvekudya zvatinodya - uye zvechokwadi masero edu chaiwo - akagadzirwa nemakemikari.Zvichienderana nemutauro unoshandiswa nemunhu, zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuratidzika sezvinotyisa zvachose.
Pane sangano rinonzi International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists kana kuti IUPAC, iro basa nderekutivhiringa.Zvakanaka, ndizvo zvavanoita, asi hachisi chinangwa chavo.Asi, vanhu ava vakabvumirana pane hurongwa hwekutumidza mazita emakemikari kuitira kuti mutauro usambove chipingamupinyi mukutsvaga.Asi ipapo
Chinonyatsoitika ndechekuti chinhu chine hutano chinowanzoita sechinotyisa kune vasiri makemikari.Kana iwe uchida kunhuhwirira kwemiti yepine, sezvandinoita, uri kufemera isomeric tertiary uye yechipiri cyclic terpene alcohols.Zvinonzwika zvinotyisa, asi zvakachengeteka zvakakwana.Kuumbwa kunosiyana nemhando, asi kana iri chena pine, uri kunhuwa CAS Nhamba 8002-09-3.Mune fomu yakanyungudutswa, mafuta epaini akanyorwa semushonga wezvipembenene uye ziso rakasimba rinotsamwisa.Ingori mutambo wezita, zvakadaro.Ndapota, enderera mberi nekufamba kwako musango.
Chinondinetsa ndechekuti mazita anogona kushandiswa sei.Kunyangwe ndichidya nyama, zvakandishatirisa kuona ichangoburwa online graphic iyo yaishoropodza miriwo-yakagadzirwa, nyama-yakafanana chikafu (kana chero chandinobvumidzwa nevanomiririra uye magweta kutaura) nekuva ne "makemikari ane njodzi" mazviri.Shambadziro yacho yakataura nezve iron phosphate, "chiredzo cheslug;"titanium dioxide, "chichena chinoshandiswa mupende;"nezvimwe zvinhu zvinotyisa.
Zvakanaka, iron phosphate musanganiswa unongoitika.Zvinokunakirawo, chero ukasadya huremu hwemuviri wako.Ndipo panoenda slugs zvisizvo.Titanium dioxide haisi yechisikigo, asi ndinovimbisa kuti ungangove wadya pondo yayo ikozvino, sezvo iri mune zvese zvinonhuwirira, kofi creamer, zvihwitsi,
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yezvakasikwa, arborist, uye aimbova mudzidzisi neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County, NY.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.
Kutema miti inyaya yandinogona kunyatso gadziriswa nezvayo.Hazvina basa, hazvitaridzike, hazvina kunaka, zvine njodzi, uye zvinogona kutokonzera kukwira kwemhanza yechirume uye nekunaya kwevhiki.Topping haifungidzike, inotyisa, yakaipa uye yucko!Izvozvo zvinofanira kunyatsojeka.Pane mibvunzo here?Ah, chii chaizvo chinonzi kutema miti?Batirira.Mmmmm Zviri nani.Ndakatozopukuta furo pamuromo wangu.
Kukwirisa kwemuti, uko kusingazokanganisa bvudzi rako kana mamiriro ekunze, ndiko kubviswa kwemakumbo uye kana / hunde kusvika pakureba, zvichisiya matsi.Yakasiyana-siyana inozivikanwa semusoro, hat-racking kana kupeta, inoshorwa neThe International Society of Arboriculture nemamwe masangano ehunyanzvi ekuchengetedza miti.
Kukwirisa hakufanirwe kuvhiringika nekupolarding, muitiro wenguva dzemafeudal apo varimi vaigona kuuraiwa nekuda kwekucheka miti yamambo, asi vaitenderwa kutema davi regore rega rega kudzokera ku "bhora" rinoshandiswa sehuni uye. fodder.Pollarding haishande pamarudzi ose, uye kuti ibudirire inofanira kutangwa kana muti uchiri muduku, uye inopfuurira gore negore.
Kudzokera kune topping.Inopfupisa muti, asi haishandure DNA yemuti iyo inoiraira kuti ikure kune yayo yemhando.Mushure mokunge chimiro chebazi chechisikigo chinoparadzwa nepamusoro, kukura kutsva kunoputika kubva pamakwati.Aya nhungirwa, anonzi epicormic sprouts, anozova matavi makuru.Zvinosuruvarisa, ivo vanogara vasina kubatanidzwa nehuni yemubereki.
Nemhaka yokuti muti wacho uri kukurumidza kuwana zvakare kureba kwayo kwemajini, matavi matsva anokura nokukurumidza kupfuura nguva dzose.Iwe unoziva kuti kukurumidza kunoparadza, uye semuti unobvisa makumbo ekutsiva aya, "unokanganwa" kuwedzera lignin yakawanda, iyo iri pamatanda izvo simbi yekusimbisa simbi kune kongiri.Lignin ndicho chinhu chinopa matavi simba.Saka iye zvino tine matavi asina simba kudarika ekutanga, uye akasungirirwa zvakashata kusvika pahunde kana matanda makuru ebazi.
Asi pane zvimwe zvinhu zviviri.Chinhu Chekutanga kuora, kunopinda paronda rega rega repamusoro.Mapazi edu matsva asina kusimba anobva azviwana abatanidzwa negudza rinoora.Zvinogona kutora makore makumi matatu kana kuti zvinogona kuitika mune isingasviki mashanu, asi chese chekucheka chepamusoro chinokura nhengo yemhondi.Pazvinhu zvishomanana zvinokosha chaizvo muupenyu, zvitatu zvacho “rufu,” “mutero,” uye “kutema miti kunokonzera njodzi.”
Chinhu Chechipiri ndiyo bhajeti yemuti.Muti wakavharwa ngowani unofanirwa kubvisa mari mubhangi (starch kunze kwekuchengetera) kutsiva huni hune mashizha panguva iyo yakawanda yeakaundi yayo yekubhangi, starch yakachengetwa mumatanda ehuni, yakabiwa uye ichipfuura nemuchipper. .
Miti inoda kuchengetwa kuti igadzire makemikari anodzivirira kubva pazvipembenene nekuora, kuwedzera midzi, uye kugadzira mashizha egore negore.Muti wepamusoro hauna kusimba uye uri panjodzi huru yekuora, hosha, uye tupukanana kupfuura zvawaimboita usati wa“rapwa.”Kana muti mupfupi uchidikanwa, mhando yenguva pfupi yekukura inofanira kudyarwa.
Zvinogona kuita sekunge ndiri kudzosera kumashure, asi pane tsika inonzi "korona-kudzikisa kuchekerera" iyo inogona kudzikisa zvishoma kureba kwemuti wakaoma uku uchichengetedza dhizaini yavo.Kuderedzwa kwekorona kunoda kudzidziswa kwakanaka kuita nemazvo.Inogona chete kuderedza urefu hwemuti 20-25 muzana, uye inofanira kudzokororwa makore matatu-5 ega ega sezvinoonekwa sehungwaru nemunhu ane ruzivo rwearborist.
Imwe tsika, inonzi "kuonda korona," inotaura nezvekutya pamusoro pemuti unoputika.Uku ndiko kuchekerera zvine hungwaru kwemapazi zvakaenzana mukati mecanopy kuti kuderedze kupikisa kwemhepo.Iyo yakawanda ye20% yemapazi mhenyu inogona kutorwa.Zvekare, izvi zvinotora hunyanzvi hukuru kupfuura topping.
Sangano reInternational Society of Arboriculture, sangano rekutsvagisa nedzidzo renyanzvi dzekuchengeta miti, rinokurudzira veruzhinji kuti kambani yemiti inoshambadzira kukwirisa haifanirwe kubhadharwa kune chero basa.Period.Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usavarega vachitsika pfuma yako.Kambani inoda kukwira pamusoro pemiti iri netsanangudzo ishoma pane nyanzvi, uye kashoma kuti unzwisise zvimwe zvinhu zvekutarisira miti, kusanganisira ekutanga kuchengetedza maitiro.
Kuiswa kwemiti kunogamuchirwa, zvisinei, kune vose vanofarira makumi mana-makumbo eheti racks, uye mhosva dzemhosva.Ikozvino pane mibvunzo here?
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Gore negore ndinodzidzisa makirasi akawanda ekuzivikanwa kwemuti wechando.Kunyangwe vachigara vachiitirwa panze kunyangwe kuchitonhora sei, kuongororwa kwevadzidzi kunoratidza makirasi akadai anowanzo kunakidza.Kuratidza vatori vechikamu nzira yekuudza muti wakasimwa shizha kubva kune chimwe chinhu chimwe chete, asi kutsanangura kuti sei munhu achifanira kuzvinetsesa kwakaoma.Imwe mhinduro inogona kunge iri, "Iri pabvunzo."Asi pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoshanda - uye zvishoma zvishoma uye zvinokurudzira zvinofadza - kuziva imwe mhando yemiti kubva kune imwe munguva yechando.
Kubva pakuona kwekupona, chero munhu anozviwana arasika kana kupererwa (kana uyo akasimba zvakakwana kuenda kunodzika musasa) mukupera kwechando anogona kuwana mvura yakachengeteka nekunwa muto.Kana tembiricha ichikwira pamusoro pechando mukati mezuva uye pasi pehusiku, muto unowanikwa kubva kune shuga, yakapfava (tsvuku), uye sirivheri mepu.Maple muto unoyererawo mukuvhuvhuta panguva yechando-thaw zuva nezuva oscillations.
Mukutanga kwechirimo mashizha asati abuda, maple sap-flow inopera, asi mabhishi - machena (bepa), yero, dema, grey, uye rwizi - anobereka muto wakawanda kubva pakati paApril kusvika May.Miti yemazambiringa yemusango inokupa mitoro yezvinwiwa zvisina pathogen zvakare.Mukudonha uye kutanga kwechando, kuziva shrub dogwoods uye viburnums kubva kuhoneysuckle kunogona kukupa mamwe mabriji anonaka, ane simba-azere pane anokuvadza.
Kana iwe uri mutsva pakugara kumaruwa, unogona kutambisa nguva yakawanda nyore, tisingatauri kupera kwehuni munguva yechando, kana ukacheka boka rebasswood uchifunga kuti idota.Zvinobatsira zvikuru kuziva kuti mupini, munhu anogona kupisa madota akachekwa-akachekwa uye cherry, nepo mamwe achangobva kutemwa matanda akaomarara achibuda muchitofu chehuni.Uyezve, unogona kufadza shamwari dzako nekupatsanura denderedzwa remepu yakapfava neruoko rumwe, wozovapa chunk yeelm kana bitternut hickory kuti vaedze rombo rakanaka.Handiti ndakamboita zvakadai ini.
Bark haisi chinhu chakavimbika cheID.Inogona kupa ruzivo, asi haifaniri kuvimbwa seyokutanga sosi.Birches anogona kuva dema, yero kana dzvuku bark, semuenzaniso.Haasi ese hickories ane shaggy bark.Cherry ne ironwood bark dzine mavara akachinjika akachinjika akajeka anonzi lenticel, asi pahuni diki chete.Mamwe makwati emakwati, akadai semadhaimani-akaita maforo ane madota, anogona kunge asipo zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo uye hutano hwemuti.
Chishandiso chiri nani chekuongorora hurongwa, zvichireva kuti matavi anokura akatarisana pabazi, kana kuti achinjana.Miti mizhinji inochinjana, saka tinotarisa pane zvinopesana: maple, ash uye dogwood, kana "MAD."Shrubs nemiti midiki mumhuri yeCaprifolaceae, senge viburnums, zvinopesana, zvakare.Iko kukurumidza "MAD Cap" inogona kukubatsira kuti utarise kuti ndiani anopesana uye ndiani asiri.
Kunhuwa chiratidzo chakatendeseka, asi kune marudzi mashoma.Matavi eyero uye dema Birch anonhuwirira uye anonaka seyewintergreen.Peta cherry davi uye iwe uchawana mhepo yearumondi anovava.Yakapfava (tsvuku) uye sirivheri mepu ine makwati akafanana, asi matavi esirivheri maple anonhuhwirira chinzvimbo kana akatyoka.
Yese yedu yekuzvarwa dogwoods makwenzi, ayo anosiya maple nemadota senhengo dzega dzekirabhu yakatarisana nemuti.Iwe ungafunga kuti izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore, asi izvo zvinoitika kumiti zvinogona kudyara nyonganiso.Bazi rega rega riri padavi rakapihwa kana davi remepu rinogona kunge richishaya "mudiwa" waro kune rimwe divi rebazi iroro.Kuputsika, utachiona, kukuvara kwechando uye zvimwe zvinhu zvichaita izvozvo, saka usavimbe nehurongwa hwebazi zvachose.
Neraki kwatiri, buds, seVulcans, haagone kunyepa.Tarisa zvakanyanya padavi kuti uone kana mabuds ari kutarisana kana kuchinjika.Bud saizi, chimiro uye kuiswa kunopa mamwe mazano.
Beche rine mapfumo marefu akaita serepfumo.Bharisamu-popurasi ine mabukira anonamira, anonhuwirira.Mamepu matsvuku uye esirivha ane puffy, reddish buds.Shuga maple buds ane brown uye conical, seshuga cone.Miouki ine masumbu emabuds kumagumo kwedavi rega rega."Zvisingaoneki" mashizha emhashu matema anovanda pasi pemakwati.
Mukati mebud rega rega mune shizha re embryo (uye/kana ruva).Kuti vadzivirire macheji avo manyoro, mabuds mazhinji emiti ane zvikero zvakapfuura zvinovhura muchirimo.Basswood buds ine zviyero zviviri kana zvitatu, izvo zvinosiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru.Shuga maple buds ane akawanda, mazero akafanana.Butternut uye hickory buds hazvina zvikero.Iyo yakanakisa yechando muti ID zvishandiso mabuds.Rangarira kuti;inogona kunge iri pamuedzo.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvekuzivikanwa kwemuti, ona bhuku raCornell "Ziva Miti Yako," rinowanikwa sekudhawunirodha mahara (http://www.uvstorm.org/Downloads/Know_Your_Trees_Booklet.pdf)
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Dzimwe nguva zvinonzwa sekunge Old Man Chando ane tembiricha-oscillation App yaanobatidza asati anyangarika kwevhiki kana maviri, pamwe kune imwe nzvimbo inodziya.Handisi kuti kunze kwaDecember kwave kwakaoma, kungoita hasha.Iyo thermometer yakakwira nekudzika, kubva panyoro kusvika pazasi zero, uye kudzokera kumakumi mana neshanu pamusoro muvhiki imwe chete.Ini ndiri zvese zvekusatarisirwa kurongeka, asi kana iwe waona iyo pateni, iyo nyaya inonetesa.
Kutevera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwega kwega, ndinonzwa vanhu vachiti zvinovhiringa sei kukwesha mashizha rimwe zuva, kufoshorora sinou rinotevera, wozoshandisa macrampons zuva rinotevera nekuda kwekunaya kwechando.Kana iwe uchifunga kuti zvinogumbura isu vanhu, isu tine humbozha hwekudzokera mudzimba dzedu dzinodziya, fungidzira kuti mhuka dzinonzwa sei.
Mvura inotonhora inogona kukanganisa zvinhu kune shiri dzinoimba.Chickadees haakwanise kuparadzanisa birch uye alder catkins paanovimba nekudya.Nuthatches haigoni kubvisa mbeu kubva papine uye spruce cones iyo yakavharidzirwa muchando.Zviitiko zvakadaro zve glaze zvakajairika, hongu, asi zvinowanzoitika kana nguva yechando ichichinja pfungwa dzayo mazuva mashoma.Iyo ice crust pamusoro pechando inogona kuita kuti zviome kune grouse uye turkeys, uye nondo zvakare, kuwana browse.
Zviri pachena kuti sinou yakadzika inodzivirira nondo kuti dzisvike pazvinomera pasi, kunze kwekukanganisa kufamba kwadzo.Sezvo snowpack inodzika mainji gumi nematanhatu kana kupfuura, matumbu avo anokweva, uye zvinovaomera kuti vasimudze makumbo avo mudenga zvekuti vatore nhanho.Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nondo "dzichakwira," dzichiwana pekugara munzvimbo yekoniferi.Pasi pedenga rinogara rakasvibira kune sinou shoma pasi nekuti mashizha anovharira sinou yakawanda.Dambudziko nderekuti kudya kushoma, uye nzara inomboitika mumayadhi emhembwe.
Munguva yechando yakaoma, turkeys dzakawanda dzinofawo nenzara.Kazhinji vanotsvaga nekufamba uye vachikwenya paduff kuti vafukure chikafu, chimwe chinhu chavasingakwanise kuita muchando chakadzika.MaTurkey achatsvaga ma berries anoramba ari pamakwenzi nemiti se highbush cranberry, hawthorn, sumac uye hackberry, asi izvo zvekudya zvishoma.
Asi zvimwe zvisikwa zvinorarama nechando.Makonzo madiki, meadow voles kunyanya, anogara zvakanaka munyika pasi pechando, inozivikanwawo se subnivean nharaunda.Vakachengeteka kubva kushiri dzinodya, zvikara zvavo zvakakosha, uye vanogona kuwana mhodzi dzakawanda dzemasora nemimwe miriwo yekudyisa.Sezvineiwo izvi dzimwe nguva zvinosanganisira makwati ehunde dzemiti midiki, zvakanyanya kuodza mwoyo varimi vemichero nevaridzi vedzimba.Nekudaro, muzvikamu zveAdirondacks, maAmerican kana pine marten anovhima makonzo pasi pechando.
Kana zvinhu zvichena zvaungana, tsuro dzeshowshoe, dzine mvere dzakakura netsoka dzadzo, dzine mukana pane zvikara zvakaita semakava ane makumbo manyoro.Asi neinodzokororwa yechando-thaw cycles, mukana iwoyo unonyungudika.Uye mamwe marudzi anopfeka zvichena mukati memwedzi inotonhora.White camouflage haishande kune ermines netsuro kana fickle mamiriro ekunze anoramba achichinjanisa ruvara rwekumashure.
Mamiriro echando anokanganisa hupenyu hwemvura, zvakare.Oxygen inopinda mumvura kuburikidza nepamusoro pekubatana nemhepo, uye kubva mumvura yezvinomera photosynthesis.Mazaya nechando panzira dzemvura zvinobvisa chiedza chezuva kuzvirimwa, pamwe nekusangana kwemhepo-kumvura.
Sekureva kwaBud Ziolkowski weSaranac Lake, aimbove murairidzi wePaul Smith's College ane ruzivo rwezvekubata hove, nhamba shoma yehove dzinofa nekuda kwemamiriro echando gore rega rega.Zvisinei, munguva yechando ine aizi yenguva refu, okisijeni iri mumvura inogona kupera zvokuti nhamba huru dzehove dzinogona kushaya mweya.Hove handidzo chete dzinoshandisa oxygen pasi peaizi-zvinomera zviri kuora mumatope epasi kana mabenthos anoshandisa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinoita hove.
Ndinovimba kuti Old Man Chando achakurumidza kudzoka, vese vakatsva nezuva uye vachifara, vodzima "App ye ice nemoto" kuti tikwanise kuenderera mberi nemwaka wakakodzera.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Parizvino, ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuNorth America vakanzwa mutsara wekuti “Ita America ive huru zvakare,” sirogani yakashandiswa nedanidziro yaVaTrump inotungamira sarudzo dzeUS dzemuna 2016. Zvisinei nekuti chirevo ichi chingatorerwe kana kusanzwisiswa sei, zvakangoitika kuti pfungwa iyi iite. yekudzokera kunzvimbo iri nani munguva yakarova vanhu vakawanda vekuAmerica.
Ndinofunga zvisungo zvakawanda zveGore Idzva zvine chekuita nepfungwa imwe chete iyi: Kana tikadya zviri nani, kurovedza muviri zvakanyanya, kusiya fodya, kusanwa doro kana kudya kwakakora, tinotarisira kuwana huremu hwakakodzera kana simba remuviri rataimbova naro.Kunyangwe tisina kumbobvira taratidza chimiro chakakwana kana hutano husina mhosva, tinofungidzira isu tiri nani uye tinoda kufambira mberi kwairi.Kazhinji, ichi chishuwo chakanaka.
Kupinza rudzi kunguva yakapfuura kwaizova kunonyengera.Tora US, semuenzaniso.Muna 1969, vashandi vakaita 26% mari yakawanda kupfuura yavanoita nhasi.Asi paive nemhirizhonga dzemarudzi, nenzizi dzakabatira moto zvakare.Mumakore ekuma1950, hupfumi hwakakura nezvikamu makumi matatu nezvinomwe kubva muzana, asi mazana ezviuru zvevana vakabatwa neporiyo.Hongu zvakangofanana kwese kwese - hapana nyika yaive nezera regoridhe chairo kana ukadongorera kuseri kweketeni.
Zvisinei, inyaya yakasiyana nesu semunhu mumwe nemumwe.Kumunhu, tose taiva nezera rakanaka, uye zvinobvira kudzorera humwe hwounhu hwaro hunokosha zvikuru.Kurovedzera muviri uye kudya kwakakodzera kwakanaka, asi mumaonero angu hazvina chinhu pasina zvakakosha zvehunhu hwedu.
Ndava nemakore 28, ndaidya zvokudya zvisina kuchena, iron inopombi, ndaisanwa kana kuputa, ndaiva netsungiriro seyakaora, uye kushanda nesimba kwaizonyadzisa muPuritan.Asi haisi nguva yakaoma.Kudada nezvinhu izvozvo, ndaiwanzotonga vanhu vakakundikana.Handikwanise kubvuma kusachengeteka kwandaive ndaitirwa kuti ndairatidzira kutya kwangu kune vamwe.Ndaida kuita zvakanaka, asi dzimwe nguva ndaiva munhu akashata.
Iye zvino kaviri zera iroro, ndakatanga kupinza nzira yangu kudzokera kuhukuru.Zvakanaka, mune iyo nzira yakajairika.Hongu, ndaigona kushandisa kurovedza muviri kwakawanda uye masiwiti mashoma, asi handiko kutarisisa chaiko.Ndirini pandakanga ndiri mukuru chaizvo?Ndiyo mhinduro imwe chete kwauri.Kumunhu wese.
Ungave uchitenda kuti Mwari vakatisika sevaratidziri vakakwana asi vakasiyana vemufananidzo waMwari, kana kuti isu takabva mabhiriyoni mana emakore ekugadzirwa kwehupenyu hwakanaka kunonzi evolution, kana zvese zviri zviviri, unofanira kubvuma kuti tauya panyika zvakanyanyisa. .Zvakanaka, chokwadi - tinosvika tisina rubatsiro uye tinoda kutariswa.Ndizvo zvakapiwa.
Isu tinoburuka kubva kuna amai vedu kuenda kuPlanet Earth tinokwanisa zvakakwana kugamuchira nekupa rudo, tichikwanisa uye nechido chekudzidza zvinhu zvinoshamisa.Tinouya nekugona kukuru kwekunzwira tsitsi netsitsi.Wese achangozvarwa anoratidza kugona uye chishuwo chekubatana nekubatana nevanhu.Chero munhu.Kumucheche, munhu wose anogamuchirwa, sezvaari kunyika.
Pazuva ratakasvika takakwanisa kuda chero munhu, zvisinei neruvara rweganda, bonde, kana kwaaibva.Pazuva iroro takanga takasununguka zvakazara kuti tinzwe takakodzera kuva pano uye kutora nzvimbo yedu munyika.Pazuva iroro, zvaiva pakati pemakumbo edu hazvina kukanganisa maonero atinoita isu kana vamwe.Uye kana chimiro cheganda redu kana humwe hunhu.Aya ndiwo masikirwo atakaitwa.Uku ukuru.
Mwari kana zvisikwa zvinotitumira pano mukuputira kwedu kweruvara rweganda, nebonde redu rakakwana.Nharaunda yepasi uye dzinza iro munhu anoberekerwa ingove mukana wakasarudzika, kana kuti akakodzera hupenyu hwemunhu, zvichienderana nemaonero ako.
Kana uchitenda muna Mwari, une chivimbo chokuti chisikwa chaMwari hachina mhosva.Kuti Mwari akasika vanhu vatema kana vashava kana vane ganda rakapfava hazvina basa.Unonzwisisa kuti zvese mucherechedzo wakakwana weVamwari.Zvisinei, kutya kusingabvumirwi kunogona kukwezva vanhu vemarudzi ose kuti varatidze kusachengeteka kwavo kuboka ravanoona serakasiyana.Zvinonyaradza kuumba mhinganidzo pakati pedu ne“vamwe”.Inoburitsawo mhedzisiro yakaipa.Asi kumunhu wekutenda, zvine njodzi.
Kugumisa kuti chimwe chinhu chidiki seruvara rweganda, kuremara kana mutauro zvinotiisa pamusoro - kana kutosiyana nazvo - kumwe kutaura kuti tinoziva zviri nani kupfuura Mwari.Kureva kuti takarurama, uye Mwari ane mhosva.Hapana kunyomba kunotyisa kana guva.Funga nezvazvo.
Nekuda kwekusaenzana kwemari yakawanda uye isingaenzaniswi pasi rose, vanhu vakawanda vari kutambura.Basa harisisiri metric yakakodzera, sezvo mhuri dzinoshanda dzichiwedzera kuwira muurombo.Hazvishamisi kuti vanhu vanotya.Chinhu chekutya ndechekuti ichava yako kana ukasabvuma.Hechino chokwadi chinonakidza: Unogona chete kuita ushingi kana iwe ukanzwa kutya kutanga.Aya haasi maonero angu;ndiyo tsanangudzo yehushingi: "kukwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu chinovhundutsa munhu."(Oxford)
Kukwezva kweurudzi, rusaruraganda, fundamentalism uye mamwe -isms panguva ino inonzwisisika.Zvinosuwisa, asi zvinonzwisisika.Kupomera vamwe - dzimwe nyika, tsika, zvitendero;unoripa zita - nokuti matambudziko emunhu anonyevenutsa kutya.Kutya hakuperi.Runoshandurwa kuva ruvengo, runopedza kutya.Uye kana chinhu cheruvengo chemunhu chikabva panzvimbo, "kutya Novocain" kuchave kwaenda, uye Imwe itsva ichadikanwa kuitira kuti ipedze kutya.
Zvinoda kushinga kukuru kuti unzwe kutya kwemunhu.Kana uri weboka rine maitiro ekutenda kunosanganisira kusavimba, kana ruvengo kune rimwe boka, zvinotora hushingi hunoshamisa kuti ucherechedze kutenda ikoko sesimba rinobva pakutya.Vashoma vane mabhora ekuzviita.Kazhinji ndivo vakadzi vanotungamira nzira yekubuda muhupenzi hwekupomera uye kuvenga "-isms" uye kudzokera kunyika chaiyo.
Sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachivhura Bhokisi rePandora rekutya uye nekuona kuti harizovaurayi - uye kuti chokwadi vari kunzwa kufara kupfuura kare - vamwe vanozotevera.Iyo inononoka muitiro pakutanga, kwete zvachose adrenaline-yakazadzwa senge venting ruvengo, asi kana kutya kwako kwabuda, iwe hauchada iyo yenguva pfupi Novocain yekutonga uye mhosva iyo ichakundika iwe nguva nenguva.
Hey, neniwo ndiri kutya.Unofunga kuti unogona kushinga?Bvuma kutya kwako kwauri.Vanzwe, kunyangwe vasina kugadzikana.Rangarira, iwe wakazvarwa uri mukuru.Tsvaka kuva munhu chaiyeiye wepakutanga uyo aisaona misiyano pakati pevanhu uye aida kudiwa nevanhu vose.Enderera mberi.Zviite mukuru zvakare.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Vazhinji vedu takabuda muzvitoro kana konzati (makonzati kunyanya, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero) kuti tiwane mota yedu sezviri pachena yakange yave kusununguka uye yakakukurwa kure mugungwa rekupaka mota.“Kurasikirwa” nemota yakapakwa idambudziko rakajairika zvekuti pave nemaapps ekubatsira kubatanidza mota nevaridzi vadzo.Saka zvinogona kuuya sechishamiso kunzwa kuti sainzi yakaratidza kuti tine humwe hunyanzvi hwekugona kumba.
Mamichina haasati anyatsonzwisiswa parizvino, asi chinhu chimwe chinogona kubatsira vanhu kufamba isimbi mumisoro yedu.Ndizvozvo – fambisa, Magneto.Vamwe vanhu vane brain- iron yakawanda kupfuura vamwe, uye vazhinji vedu tinoziva munhu mumwe chete watinofungidzira kuti ane ngura yakawandisa pakati kwenzeve dzavo.Chokwadi ndechekuti, isu tese tine ferrous-rich maseru ari mucerebellums yedu nehuropi madzinde ayo anogona kutibatsira kuenda kuChamhembe.
Mhuka, hongu, zviri nani pane isiri-GPS kufamba kupfuura vanhu.Kana isu tichitaura nezve vatsoropodzi vanogona kuwana nehunyanzvi nzira yavo, iyo homing njiva inogona kuuya mupfungwa.Homers vane hunyanzvi husinganzwisisike hwekunyatsowana nzira yekudzokera kuvaridzi vavo kunyangwe vakatorwa anopfuura chiuru mamaira kure.Nyaya yechokwadi: muNew Zealand, basa rePigeongram rakatanga muna 1898 kusvika muna 1908, rizere nezvitambi.Homing njiva dzaikoshawo kutungamirira kuNormandy kunopinda apo kunyarara kweredhiyo kwaikosha.
Kufamba kweshiri kwakadzidzwa zvakanaka, asi zvakawanda hazvisati zvazivikanwa.Kunyange zvazvo shiri dzichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dziwane nzira dzadzo dzakatenderedza pasi, dzakadai sekuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo uye kutaridzika kwezuva, kunzwisiswa kuMagineti epasi kwakakosha.Mhando dzakawanda dzeshiri dzinotama usiku chete, saka zviratidzo uye nzvimbo yezuva hazvigone kubatsira.
Sezvineiwo kwatiri, Nyika imhando yemagineti yakakonzerwa nekuda kwekutenderera kwayo kwekunze kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa.Dai yanga isiri magineti hombe, tese taizobikwa nemwaranzi yezuva.Munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakabuda pachena kuti mhuka dzinoshandisa puroteni molecule inonzi cryptochrome kuona magineti epasi.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuenzaniswa neblue light wavelengths, idzo dziri pakati pe400 ne
480 nanometers.Chirevo kune ichi chokwadi ndechekuti cryptochromes inoshanda chete mukati mezuva.Saka ko mazizi iwayo?
Shiri, kunooneka, imisoro yesimbi yakakomba, ine (sokutaura kwakaita mumwe munzveri zvine hunyanzvi) “ine iron-ine dendrites yekunzwa mumucheka wemukati weganda remuromo wepamusoro.”Ikoko iwe unayo, yakajeka sebhero.
Masero etsinga ane ferrous-rich akatanga kuonekwa muhoming njiva, asi marudzi ose eshiri anofungidzirwa kuti anawo.Vanoenda kure-kure vanoda izvi zvakanyanya, asi kunyange huku uye shiri dzinogara dzinozivikanwa kuti dzakapihwa kambasi yemukati.Mune imwe tsvakurudzo yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi PLOS One muna February 2012, munyori mukuru G. Falkenberg anonyora kuti, “Ruzivo rwedu runoratidza kuti iyi yakaoma dendritic system iri mumuromo chinhu chinowanzoitika pashiri, uye kuti inogona kuumba hwaro hwakakosha hwekunzwa kushanduka kweanenge mamwe marudzi emagineti anotungamirirwa maitiro. "
Heavy metal haisi yeshiri chete.Utachiona, slugs, amphibians uye mitoro yakawanda yemarudzi vatakuri vesimbi vasingazive zvakare.Ongororo ichangobva kuburitswa pamusoro pemhinduro dzevanhu kune magineti minda yakawana nyaya zhinji dzakabatwa nelab-yakagadzirwa magineti minda.Sezvinoonekwa pane chaiyo-nguva inoshanda huropi scans, zvidzidzo zvinogona kutoona kana polarity yakadzoserwa sechikamu chechidzidzo.Mune yaKurume 18, 2019 chinyorwa chejenari eNeuro, munyori anotungamira Connie Wang anonyora "Isu tinoshuma pano yakasimba, yakananga uropi hwemunhu kupindura kune ecological-inoenderana nekutenderera kwePasi-simba remagineti minda.Ferromagnetism ... inopa hwaro hwekutanga hunhu hwekuongorora magnetoreception yevanhu. "
Chakanyanya kubata pfungwa dzangu chidzidzo chitsva kubva kuSouth Korea.Mune bepa rakaburitswa muPLOS Imwe muna Kubvumbi 2019, Kwon-Seok Chae et al.vakawana kuti, kunyange vakavharwa maziso uye vakapfeka maear plugs, vanhu vechirume vakanga vatsanya kwezuva rose vaiita sevaizvinangisa munzira yavainyatsoenderana nechikafu.Kuti nditende.
Paul Hetzler aida kuve bere paakakura, asi akatadza kuongororwa.Mushure mekunge awana zvakawanda zvekuzvinzwira tsitsi kwake pamusoro pechiitiko chisina kunaka, iye zvino anonyora nezvezvisikwa.Kusanganisira mapere, pano neapo.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Miti inotema miti, nzvimbo dzeaizi-kirimu padhamu, uye marinas zvese zvinovhara matsutso ega ega nechikonzero chimwe chete: sezvo masikati machena uye kutonhora kunopinda mukati, zvipfeko zvavo zvinova zvishoma uye zvishoma nekushomeka kwemari.Pane imwe nguva zvine musoro kurova matinji kusvika muchirimo chinotevera.
Mamwe mabhindauko ekubata anogara akavhurika kwenguva refu;zvichida vane mari inobatsira vamwe vasina, kana kuti vane makwikwi mashoma.Vashoma ndivo vakapesana, vachivhara chitoro panguva yekutanga yekudonha.Aya ndiwo angangove mabhindauko asinganyanyi kukwenya pakukwira kwechirimo.Ndiri kutaura nezvemiti pano, hongu.Miti ine mashizha anoratidza ruvara pamberi pemhando imwe chete yevezera ravo vari kuzviita nekuti ivo vari kutombotyoka.
Mafekitari eshuga anofambiswa nezuva atinodaidza kuti miti mavhavha akanaka, uye ane hunyanzvi mukuverenga kwavo.Semutemo havararami kupfuura zvavanogona.Mukuwedzera kuchiedza chezuva, zvinoda carbon dioxide, mugove wakanaka wemvura nezvokudya, uye midzi yazvo inoda kufema nyore nyore.Pfungwa yekupedzisira yakakosha.
- uye inodyara mune solar array, inozivikanwa semashizha.Mushure mekubhadhara mari yayo yegore negore yemashizha, mari yaro inosanganisira kufema kwehusiku, uye se-inoda kugadziriswa sekugadzirwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukupindura kukuvara.Mari yaro ishuga;account yayo yekuchengetedza, mastarches.
Sezvo zhizha richipera, husiku hurefu hunokwidza mitengo (kufema), nepo mazuva mapfupi anounza mari shoma, pakupedzisira kumanikidza miti yakaoma kuvhara kwemwaka.Zvisinei, kana midzi yemuti yakabatana, kufema kwemidzi kunokanganiswa, uye midzi haigoni kuita basa rayo.Fekitori yaro yeshuga ichange isisashande zvakanaka kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzayo, uye isingaite purofiti zvachose.Ivhu rakaremerwa ne deicing munyu, uye kukuvadzwa kwemichina kuchakanganisawo kushanda kwemidzi.
Yadhi nemiti yemumugwagwa inosangana nekupisa kwevhu kwakanyanya, nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzemidzi, uye kukwikwidza kwakanyanya kubva kumakwenzi.Miti ine dzimba dziri pamberi pemvura ine mamwe matambudziko: kuchinja-chinja kwemvura kunobhadhara midzi yavo, uye ivhu iroro rinowanzove risina kudya kunovaka muviri.Miti yakadaro ichasvika pakuputsika-kunyange nzvimbo yapfuura kupfuura miti yakasimba, uye ichatanga ruvara.
Rudzi rwekutanga chiratidzo chakavimbika chekushushikana kwemuti, asi palette inopa ruzivo zvakare.Isu tinoziva kuti orenji (carotenes) uye yero (xanthophylls) yatovepo mukati memashizha, yakafukidzwa negirinhi chlorophyll.Miti inotanga kugadzira musanganiswa wewakisi kuti uvhare mvura uye chikafu kumashizha awo, zvakaenzana nechando musasa - inodzivirira pombi dzemvura.Sezvo mashizha anodzipwa, chlorophyll inofa, ichiratidza yero uye orenji.
Iyo tsvuku-yepepuru renji (anthocyanins), zvisinei, inyaya yakasiyana.Red pigments inogadzirwa mukudonha nemamwe marudzi, maple kunyanya, pamutengo wakakosha.Sayenzi haisati yauya netsananguro inonzwisisika yeizvi.Nyaya yehutsvuku ndeyekuti mepu inoratidza yakawanda
iri muhutano hwakanaka "kutambisa" simba kugadzira anthocyanins.Gore rapfuura muMupata weOttawa uye mhiri, mamepu eshuga aive yero chete, kekutanga mundangariro mhenyu yakaitika.Mamepu akapfava (matsvuku) aive mazhinji matsvuku, asi mamepu akaoma aive asina.Ichi chiratidzo chekuti serudzi vari kutarisana nekushushikana kusingaperi.
Kana imwe yemiti yeyadhi yako ine mashizha ari kuchinja ruvara uye kudonha mangwanani, unogona kuva nechokwadi kuti iri kuderera, uye zvingava zvakanaka kuhaya Certified Arborist kuti aiongorore.Kana yako yaunofarira cottage-yenyika ice cream stand yakavhara kare, izvo zvinogona kuperetera dambudziko kune varidzi, asi vanogona kunge vakaneta.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Offhand handigone kufunga zvakawanda zvekutaura mukudzivirira shanje, makaro, uye kukara, asi simbe yakasiyana.Upenyu hwezvimwe zvisikwa hunotsamira pakurara kwehafu yegore, chokwadi chandakaedza kuvanzira vana vangu vachiri kuyaruka pasina.Nzira dzekupona dzezviremwaremwa, huni uye dzimwe mhuka dzinosanganisira nguva refu yesloth.Sezvineiwo, masloth haagarire pasi.
Kana hibernation ichitsanangurwa zvakasununguka senguva yekusaita uye kudzikisa metabolism mumhuka dzine ropa rinodziya (endotherms) munguva yechando, saka vazhinji vedu vari kuchamhembe kwelatitudes vanozviita.Chokwadi, kune zvakawanda kwazviri kupfuura izvozvo.Zvinoitika kuti pakati pevanoongorora zvipenyu, tsananguro chaiyo yaive nyaya yekupokana kusvika makumi emakore apfuura.
Raimbove izwi rakachengeterwa "zvakadzama" hibernators avo epakati tembiricha uye mwero wemoyo unodonha kusvika pachikamu chidiki chehutsika hwavo hwezhizha.Muenzaniso wakanaka ungave mamwe makonzo eArctic anowana zvishoma pasi pe0 degrees Celsius kana 32 Fahrenheit.Ikozvino inoshandiswa kune chero mhuka inogona kushingaira kuderedza kupisa kwemuviri uye metabolism.Kushingairira kudzikisira mashandiro emetabolism kunoita senge oxymoron, asi ngatisaite zvekudaidza mazita.
Mhuka dzine ropa rinotonhora kana ectotherms sematatya nenyoka zvakare inorara muchando.Zvakangofanana nekunyura, kunze kwekungoti nyanzvi dzezvipenyu dzinoidaidza kuti brumation.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti jargon inoita kuti vanoda zvesainzi vanzwe zviri nani, saka ndapota vasekei (isu) kuti varambe vachiita basa ravo rakanaka.
Ne ectotherms, unogona kuti hibernation inoitika;hava“zviiti”.Kunyange kana vasingadi kushanda pairi sezvinoita mhuka dzinoyamwisa, torpor yadzo ichiri kushamisa.Mamwe matatya, kamba nehove zvinokwanisa kunyura mumadhaka zvisina oxygen, uye hazvina kushata pakupfeka kunouya nguva yechirimo.
Mazhinji hibernators anogadzirisa zvirongwa zvavo zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze: kana zvikaramba zvakapfava kusvika muna Mbudzi, mapere matema nema chipmunks anosviba gare gare kupfuura nguva.Asi dzimwe mhuka, dzinonzi obligate hibernators, dzinorara
kudzima zvinoenderana nekarenda.Kunyangwe iwe ukatora hedgehog yekuEurope kuenda kuAruba munguva yechando, yaizoenda narcoleptic panguva imwe chete sezvakaitwa nevamwe vayo kumashure kuScottish Highlands.
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, mapere haana kuita runyoro rwehubernator, asi iko zvino ave kunyura pamwe neaya anogara pasi-popsi-squirrels muchikamu chemhuka dzakaoma nechando munguva yechando yeArctic.Mabheya ari kure kuchamhembe anogona kusadya kana kunwa kwemwedzi inosvika misere, achishandisa mafuta akachengetwa emvura uye simba.Dai isu taiva tisina basa kwenguva yakareba kudaro mhasuru dzedu dzaipera, asi vane nzira dzekugadzirisa mapuroteni kuitira kuti tsandanyama dzavo dzisapere.
handizvo zvazvinonzi.Nomuzvarirwo mabiologist akagadzira izwi rechirimo torpor: estivation ndiyo
izwi rakakodzera rekutsvedza kwemamiriro ekunze ekupisa.Ndiani anoita izvi?Mamwe matatya anogara mugwenga anozvikomberedza ne “chibharumu chemvura” kuti amirire kusanaya kwemvura.African lungfish ine hunyengeri hwakafanana hwekuti madziva adzo apwa kwenguva pfupi.
Chinotonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti imwe estivator iprimate, sezvatiri.Fat-tailed dwarf lemur yekuMadagascar inogara mumuti usina mhango kwehafu yegore kusvikira kupisa kwapera.Kana hama yedu yepedyo ikagona kurara, ko zvakadini nesu?Mafirimu engano dzesainzi anoratidza vazivi vemuchadenga vachimuka mushure memakore ekufamba, uye ichi chingave chimwe chiitiko apo izvo zvinofungidzirwa nhasi zvinova zvechokwadi mangwana.
NASA yakazivisa muna 2014 kuti vari kutsvaga nzira yekuisa vashandi vemakore akawanda emuchadenga mishoni mune yakamiswa animation kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu panguva.Zvichida izvi ndezvekuti Mission Control haifanire kuteerera kusingagumi "Tasvika here?"kuhwihwidza kubva kumashure kwechitundumuseremusere.
Kunyangwe nyaya dzekurara kwemunhu dzichiwanda, nyaya dzakanyorwa hadziwanzo.Dzimwe nguva mumwe munhu anowira nemuchando uye anomutsidzirwa maawa gare gare pasina kukuvara kwehuropi kana zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvenguva refu.Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana tembiricha yemuviri yadonha nekukurumidza, sezvazvaizoita kana ikanyudzwa mumvura yechando.
Kana tembiricha yomuviri ikadzika zvishoma nezvishoma, hypothermia inowanzoguma, inoguma norufu kana ikapfuurira.Sezviri pachena kune zvisizvo.Chimwe chiitiko chakaitika muna 2006 apo mufambi akakuvara akapedza vhiki nhatu dzinotonhora zvikuru paMount Rokko kumadokero kweJapan asina zvokudya kana mvura.Tembiricha yake yakanga yadzika kusvika pa22 Celsius kana kuti
Masayendisiti acharamba achidzidza hibernation yekushandiswa kwayo kwekurapa.Asi kana usiri munhu wemunguva yechando, usanyepedzera kunyura nekuve nehusimbe, kungosekerera uye, unoziva.Zvitakurei.
Paul Hetzler agara kwenguva refu ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, Canadian Institute of Forestry, uye Society of American Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Anenge munhu wese akaona iyo Walt Disney classic "Bambi" akadonhedza misodzi, kana kuti akadzora chido chekuramba (ndiko kuchema muScrabble-ese).Kunyangwe dai ndakaziva nezvezvinoparadza zvinokonzeresa nendondo pakuvandudzwa kwesango, tisingarevi zvirimwa, nzvimbo nemapindu, kungadai kwakave kushungurudza kwangu.
aiva nemakore mashanu pakaurayiwa amai vaBambi.(Oops—muparadzi akangwarira ipapo, urombo.) Asi bhaisikopo ringadai rakaguma sei kudai vose vakanga vagara vachifara nokusingaperi?
Hupenyu hwakaita sei kune vashoma vane rombo rakanaka, pamwe vakangwara, vane muswe muchena nondo dzinokwanisa kudzivirira mota, coyotes, projectiles uye tupukanana kupfuura makore mashoma ekutanga ekurarama?Ko mhembwe yachembera ingakwanisa kusama mbavha dzako kuti dziite nub kana mazino ayo asakara?Ini ndinofungidzira Grand-Buck yakapusa ichibata kuti zvinyoro zvemunyu zvaive nani paakanga ari fawn, uye kuti vana vane makore vari nyore kuyambuka mugwagwa mazuva ano nekuti mota dzine antilock mabhureki.
Zvakaoma hazvo, hupenyu hunooma munzira dzakawanda sezvo zvipenyu zvinokura.Bvunza chero ani zvake akasiya basa kuFlorida kuti sei vakabva kuchamhembe kweNew York uye vangangokuudza kuti nguva yechando yainakidza kusvikira arthritis nezvimwe zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvatanga. Chii chinoitika kune nondo dzomusango padzinova vanhu vakuru-vanokundwa neutano hune chokuita nezera nyaya dzakaita semajoini akaipa, mazino akaora, kana mapundu?
Ndakaisa mubvunzo kune akarega basa New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Wildlife Biologist Ken Kogut, anogara kunze kwePotsdam.Akabva aseka.“Kuti mhembwe inofira mudondo itsvimbo,” akadaro.Ken akaenderera mberi achitsanangura kuti maererano nekuvhima, NYSDEC
data inoratidza huwandu hwakawanda hwemhembwe dzakakohwewa dziri muzera re1.5 kusvika ku3.5 (nokuti vanozvarwa muna Chivabvu naJune, nondo dzinogara dziri muhafu yegore nemwaka wekuvhima)."Kuona bhuru remakore manomwe kana masere [pachiteshi chekutarisa cheNYSDEC] hazvina kujairika."
Kuenzanisira pfungwa iyi, funga kuti Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research inoti avhareji yeupenyu hwenhapwa dzakachena-miswe imakore gumi nematanhatu, nemhembwe yekare yakasungwa inorarama kuve makore makumi maviri nematatu ekare.Enzanisa izvozvo kune mhuka dzomusango-miswe, iyo isina chinyorwa chakanaka, sekutaura.Avhareji yeupenyu hwemhembwe yemusango?Maererano nemushumo weYunivhesiti yeMichigan, makore maviri.Ehe.Gumi rinoonekwa semuganho wezera repamusoro, uye chiitiko chisingawanzo kuitika ipapo.
Kusarudza mazambiringa emuswe-chena kunonzi kuchembera mhembwe, kwete kuvhiringika nekuchembera kwevabereki, iro basa rezvose nhamba uye chiitiko chevana vavo.Tinowana sei mazuva ekuzvarwa ane nondo?Dentistry.
Machena-miswe ane mazino e canine (iyo irony iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, inorasika pavari) uye incisors pazasi peshaya, asi hapana pamusoro.Nemamwe manzwi havakwanise kutsemura davi sezvinogona kuita tsuro, asi kuti vanofanira kuribvarura nekufamba vachikwidza kumusoro.Asi dzine manyawi epamusoro neakadzika, uye mapfekero acho anoshandiswa kuzivisa makore emhembwe.Kana kuti, sezvo izvi zvinowanzoitwa post-mortem.
Nondo dzakura dzakatanga serudzi rwechirongwa chesainzi yevagari vemusha.Mumakore akapfuura, vavhimi vainyatsocherechedza vaigona kuziva nondo imwe kubva pazera regore zvichienda mberi vaicherechedza kupfekwa kwemhunga payakohwewa.Makore ekubatana kwezera remhembwe dzinozivikanwa nekupfekwa kwemazino akayerwa (zvinoita mirimita imwe pagore) akaita vavhimi semurimi wemukaka uye muvambi weNYS Big Buck Club Bob Estes wekuCaledonia, NY, nyanzvi mukuchembera miswe michena.
Kunze kwekuvhima, chimwe chinhu chiri kutyaira pasi peavhareji yehupenyu hwemhembwe kupambwa kwemhashu nemapere nemapere.Zvinoshamisa kuti muAdirondacks, iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuuraya fawn dzakawanda kupfuura zvinoita coyotes.Kudzvinyirirwa kwakaoma kuverengera, kunyange zvakadaro, sezvo makudo nemapere anodya chisaririra chega chega - bhonzo, bvudzi nemukati memukati - yemhuka ipi neipi yavanouraya kana kuwana yakafa yezvimwe zvikonzero.Nemhaka yokuti zvikara hazvinzwe zvakakotsekana kunze, hazvidyi nondo dzakafa mumigwagwa, dzinosara dzichiora.
Kudhumhana kwemota dzemhembwe chimwe chinhu chikuru, neNew York State Department of Transportation
ichishuma avhareji ye65,000 pagore.Asi nzara munguva yechando chakaoma, anodaro Kogut, zvimwe ndicho chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kuuraya nondo dzakura.Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira mamolars akasakara, vanogona kunge vaine mafuta mashoma akachengetwa muchando kupfuura nondo diki.
Nekuuraya uku kwose, miswe michena iri kunyangarika here?Kashoma.Dr. Peter Smallidge, State Forester we
nondo pamakiromita maviri akaenzana.Nhasi kune vanoda kusvika miriyoni, inopfuura inokwana kuparadza kukwanisa kwemasango akawanda kukurazve, sezvo miti miduku inopedzwa nemhembwe apo ichiri mbesa.
Chirwere cheLyme zvakare chikonzero chekuwandisa kwemhembwe.Cornell Extension Wildlife Specialist Dr. Paul Curtis vanotenda kuti kana mhembwe dzikadzikira pasi penhanhatu pakiromita imwe, iyo ichiri yakakwira kudarika kuwanda kwenhoroondo, zvikwekwe zvemhembwe, izvo zvinoparadzira chirwere cheLyme, zvingave kushomeka kwazvo kuti zvive njodzi kuhutano hweveruzhinji. .
Chii chingaita kuti mhombwe dziderere kudaro?Handizivi, asi zvirokwazvo hakuzove kuchembera.
Paul Hetzler agara kwenguva refu ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, Canadian Institute of Forestry, uye Society of American Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Kufanana nemaitiro ezvematongerwo enyika, cranberries inogona kusiya kuravira kwakasviba mumuromo mako.Asi kusiyana nezvematongerwo enyika, ayo anovava mushure mekuda kunocheka kuburikidza nemhando ipi zvayo yezvinotapira, kunakidza kwecranberries kunovandudzwa nyore nyore neshuga shoma.
Kutaura kuti cranberry itsva inovava kwakafanana nokutaura kuti Picasso neMonet vane vanyori vakanaka.Muchokwadi inogona kuve yakaderera pH kukosha pane mudumbu acid.Zvinenge zvinoshamisa kuti vanhu vakambotanga kuvadya, handiti?
Cranberry, iyo yakada kufanana neblueberry, inowanikwa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekuchamhembe kwehemisphere pasi rose.Muzambiringa unogara wakasvibira unotevera, kana dzimwe nguva gwenzi diki.Iro zita rinotorwa kubva pamaruva ayo petals, anodzokororwa kana kudhonzwa kumashure zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ruva raro repingi rifanane (kune vamwe) musoro uye bhiri re crane.Mhando yeNorth America inonzi Vaccinium macrocarpon, uye tine rombo rakanaka kwatiri ine ma berries makuru kupfuura marudzi ekuchamhembe kweEurope uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti shrub inozivikanwa se highbush cranberry ndeyekunyepedzera uye haina hukama nezvinhu zvatinodya nekudya kwedu kwezororo.Rudzi urwu rwenyonganiso rwakatenderedza mazita akajairika runoitika zvakanyanya.Munyika yezvirimwa hamuna mitemo yekodzero, ndosaka mapeji anemusoro ane musoro akafanana neako seaya mazita echiLatin anoyevedza.
Ehe isu tinoziva kuti maNative America akashandisa cranberries, uye akaaunza kune vekutanga vekuEurope vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.Nhoroondo yemunhu anozvionera ega kubva mukupera kwema1500s inotsanangura kuti mamwe maAlgonquin akaunza sei makapu akazara nemacranberries kune vachangosvika maPilgrim pavakasvika kumahombekombe.Ndiri kufunga kuti kunze kwekunge paive neshuga yemepu mukati nemajiroji, pamwe maitiro avo aiitirwa kuodza mwoyo vanotama kuti vagare.
Makorokoni akatora kupenya kune tudiki tsvuku sourballs nguva nenguva yaizivikanwa se moss berries kana bere berries, uye pakazosvika 1820s vamwe varimi vakatanga kutengesa chirimwa chitsva ichi kudzokera kuEurope.Kuakura kunogona kusataridzika sezvaungatarisira, zvakadaro - mifananidzo yemacranberries inoyangarara pamusoro pezvinoita sedhamu inopa pfungwa isiriyo.
Cranberries yemusango inowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzakanyorova dzakadai semabhogi, asi ma berries anorimwa anorimwa paminda yakanyatsotarisirwa.Nzvimbo dzejecha idzi, dzine laser-leveled uye dzakadiridzwa zvakanyanya, dzakakomberedzwa nemaberms saka minda inogona kuzara nemainchi matanhatu kusvika masere emvura kuti kukohwa kuve nyore.Nekuti ma berries akaunganidzwa nenzira iyi ane hupenyu hupfupi hwesherufu, anowanzo kuve nechando, kuiswa mumagaba kana neimwe nzira kugadziriswa ipapo.Cranberries yekudya kutsva inowanzotorwa nemaoko muminda yakaoma.
Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, cranberries yakave yakaverengerwa kune yakawedzera kuwanda yehutano mabhenefiti pamwe nekuravira kwavo.Yakave ichizivikanwa kwenguva refu kuti yakakwirira muVitamin C uye E, pantothenic acid, pamwe nemanganese, mhangura uye mamwe mamineral.Asi iwo maantioxidant properties ayo aita kuti vanhu vafarire.
Kana iwe ukaona "oligomeric proanthocyanidins" yakanyorwa pane candy bar haugone kuitenga.Asi aya nemamwe akawanda emakomisheni echisikigo akawanda mucranberries, uye zvisinei nemazita anotyisa akakunakira.Cranberries iri kudzidziswa zvakanyanya kuti iwane mabhenefiti mukurapa chirwere cheshuga, arthritis, cancer uye zvimwe zvirwere.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza cranberry muto - izvo zvakanaka zvinhu, kwete chibage sirasi-yakatakura wannabe muto - inogona kubatsira kudzivirira calcium-based itsvo matombo.Kuva nemwero muzvinhu zvese, sekuwanda kwayo (cranberry juice, kwete moderation) inogona kukonzera oxalic acid-based bladder stone.
Zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti cranberry juice inodzivirira mamwe mabhakitiriya anokuvadza kuti asanamatira kwatiri.Zvinoita senge Teflon kwavari.Kunyange zvazvo cranberry juice isati yawanikwa inobudirira pakurapa urinary tract infections, zvakanaka pakuvadzivirira nekumisa mabhakitiriya ecoliform kubva pakunamatira kune nzvimbo dzavasiri.Nhau dzakanaka dzemazino ako zvakare: cranberries inobatsira kuchengetedza hutachiona hwekuora kubva mukupenya kusvika kune enamel, nekudaro kuderedza mazino plaque nemakomba.
Uye sezvo muchina wesarudzo wa2020 uchidziya iwe uchafara kunzwa kuti cranberries inobatsirawo kudzivirira mabhakitiriya anokonzera maronda kubva mudumbu remunhu uye kugadzira maronda.Uyezve, mabhenefiti avo emwoyo anosanganisira kudzikisa "yakaipa" LDL cholesterol mazinga eropa uye kuwedzera iwo eyakanaka HDL cholesterol.Saka kana iwe uri junkie nhau, chengetedza cranberries pedyo panguva yenhau.
Paul Hetzler agara kwenguva refu ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, Canadian Institute of Forestry, uye Society of American Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Tichikura, tsika dzemhuri yedu dzeKutenda dzaive dzakadzikama.Kutanga takadya zvakawanda, asi tapedza kudya kwemanheru ini nevanun’una vangu vaviri takapinda mukurovedza muviri kwakasimba kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kana kupfuura.Ndiyo nguva yaiwanzotora nguva yekunetsana kuti ndevapi vakomana vaviri vaizowana kutyora chishuwo cheTurkey.Hongu dzimwe nguva zvaidzora kana munhu akundwa akachema zvekuti akazokwidziridzwa kuenda kuchikwata chinodhonza matinji.Zvichitevera chiitiko, kumwe "kurovedza muviri" kunogona kuitika kana paine manzwiro akasimba pamusoro pekunaka kwemutambo wakataurwa.Sezvineiwo, kutyoka kwemapfupa kwaingova kuhuku yakabikwa, uye isu hama tinogarisana zvakanaka.
Iyo furcula yakaumbwa neY, kana shuviro sekudanwa kwazvinoitwa nevanhu, yakasarudzika kune shiri, uye kuityora kuti uone kuti ndiani anowana hombe yehafu mbiri - uye nekudaro chishuwo kana rombo rakanaka - rinodzokera kumashure zviuru zvishoma zvemakore.Zvinonzi kune nzira dzisinganzwisisiki dzekukurudzira kuti ndiani anowana hafu iri nani, asi izvi zvanga zvisingazivikanwe kwatiri sevana.
Kunyangwe kana tsika dzako dzeKutenda dzisingabatanidzi kutyora chishuwo, isu tese takaona miti inopepeta nenzira yakafanana.Kusiyana nechishuwo chaicho, zvisinei, hapana rombo rakanaka kune chero munhu ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nekuti miti inokamura kuita madzinde maviri kana hunde seyepamusoro-kesi Y inozoparadzana.Iyo yakatetepa kona iyo hunde mbiri inopatsanurwa, iyo mubatanidzwa haina kusimba, asi mikana yekukamukana inogara ichiwedzera nezera.
Kusvika pamwero wakati, hunhu hwehunde dzakawanda ndeye genetic.Munzvimbo yesango, miti ine chimiro chisina kunaka inoparadzaniswa panguva yemhepo kana ice-load zviitiko.Inzira yezvakasikwa yekunhonga miti ine zvirinani genetics (kana rombo rakanaka, dzimwe nguva) kurarama kwenguva yakareba uye nembeu masango emangwana.Iyi sarudzo yakanakira masango, asi kwete yemiti inokura mumayadhi edu, migwagwa nemapaki.
Isu tiri "kusarudzwa kusiri kwechisikigo" simba rine basa rekusarudza kuti ndeipi miti inodyarwa, uye kupi.Zvinotora kushanda nesimba, mari uye nguva kuti muti wemumvuri usvike pakukura, uye tinoda kuvachengeta kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira.
Miti yose ine kusakwana, ruzhinji rwacho haruna kunaka.Asi zvimwe zvinogona kuva nengozi.Kuti udzivise kuputsika kwemakumbo makuru, uye kusungirirwa kwemhosva dzinobhururuka uye marara, miti ine hurema huri pachena inowanzobviswa sechinhu chaicho.Sezvo matambudziko mazhinji emiti ari mugumisiro wemabasa edu, hazviratidzike zvakanaka kutumira muti wemumvuri wakura kune iyo arboretum huru mudenga kana tikakwanisa kuwana imwe nzira.
Kumwe kunofanirwa kuve nedhorobha diki rakanaka rinonzi Narrow Forks.Apo miti ine hanya, iri ndiro zita redambudziko rinoitika kana kona yekubatanidza pakati pematanho maviri anokwikwidzana (codominant) akaoma, pane akanaka.Izvo zvakasimba zvakabatanidzwa zvakazaruka uye pedyo neU-yakaumbwa.Maforogo nhete kana mibatanidzwa inopera simba nezera uye pakupedzisira inokundikana.Makuru, kazhinji njodzi, kupatsanurwa kunoitika panguva yemadutu echando, microbursts uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze ane chisimba.
Kana uine chinangwa chinokosha sezai reFabergé kana nzvimbo yekutamba yevana iri mukati memuti we“shuviro”, chiito chokugadzirisa chinodiwa.Kutenda kuIsita ndiyo nguva yakanakisa yekuti miti yako yemiti iongororwe nehunyanzvi, nekuti zvivakwa zvemiti zviri nyore kuona kana mashizha aenda.Muti wakashata kwazvo ungada kubviswa, asi kazhinji, kuchekerera zvine hungwaru pamwe chete netambo yakakodzera inogona kuuchengetedza.
Cabling inofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo, nekuti isina kugadzirwa sisitimu ine njodzi pane imwe.IAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) A300 Tsigiro yeSisitimu Maitirwo emiti cabling haisi muenzaniso wehurumende huru.Zvakapesana nazvo;iwo akanyorwa indasitiri, uye zvichibva pamakumi emakore ekutsvagisa.Iyo ANSI A300 inoisa zvirevo zvezvinhu zvakaita setambo, bhaudhi uye saizi yeziso, kuvaka, uye kuremedza-chiyero.Izvo zvakakosha kuti tambo system iiswe neA Certified Arborist anoziva neaya zviyero.
Kuti urege kutya mepu yako kana muoki ichaita senge Frankentree, usazvinetse: yakakodzera tambo system haioneki.Pachidimbu chemutengo wekubvisa, uye chidimbu chidiki chemutengo wekubvisa nechimbichimbi pamwe nekugadzirisa kukuvara, miti mizhinji inogona kuwana rendi yehupenyu kuburikidza necabling.Ndichiri pasi pemamiriro akanyanya kunyangwe system yakakwana inogona kutadza, handisati ndamboona yakanyatsoiswa tambo system ichitadza.Nerimwewo divi, ndakaona dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa kumba kana dzepasi pasi dzichiparara.
Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve cabling, bata yako International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborist (treesaregood.org ine basa rekutsvaga-ne-ZIP).Kana iwe ukawana quote kubva kune nyanzvi, vakumbire kuti vakuratidze kopi yavo ye ANSI A300 cabling zviyero, uye simbirira pahumbowo hweinishuwarenzi zvakananga kubva kune yavo.
Inguva yakakodzera yekutenda maforogo akasimba, patafura uye kunze kwenzvimbo.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, Canadian Institute of Forestry, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.Bhuku rake "Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees and Other Hilarities of the Natural World," rinowanikwa pa amazon.com.
Vazhinji vedu takabuda muzvitoro kana konzati (makonzati kunyanya, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero) kuti tiwane mota yedu sezviri pachena yakange yave kusununguka uye yakakukurwa kure mugungwa rekupaka mota.“Kurasikirwa” nemota yakapakwa idambudziko rakajairika zvekuti pave nemaapps ekubatsira kubatanidza mota nevaridzi vadzo.Saka zvinogona kuuya sechishamiso kunzwa kuti sainzi yakaratidza kuti tine humwe hunyanzvi hwekugona kumba.
Mamichina haasati anyatsonzwisiswa parizvino, asi chinhu chimwe chinogona kubatsira vanhu kufamba isimbi mumisoro yedu.Ndizvozvo – fambisa, Magneto.Vamwe vanhu vane huropi-iron kupfuura vamwe, uye vazhinji vedu tinoziva munhu mumwe chete watinofungidzira kuti ane ngura yakawandisa pakati penzeve dzavo.Chokwadi ndechekuti, isu tese tine ferrous-rich maseru ari mucerebellums yedu nehuropi madzinde ayo anogona kutibatsira kuenda kuChamhembe.
Mhuka, hongu, zviri nani pane isiri-GPS kufamba kupfuura vanhu.Kana isu tichitaura nezve vatsoropodzi vanogona kuwana nehunyanzvi nzira yavo, iyo homing njiva inogona kuuya mupfungwa.Homers vane hunyanzvi husinganzwisisike hwekunyatsowana nzira yekudzokera kuvaridzi vavo kunyangwe vakatorwa anopfuura chiuru mamaira kure.Nyaya yechokwadi: muNew Zealand, basa rePigeongram rakatanga muna 1898 kusvika muna 1908, rizere nezvitambi.Homing njiva dzaikoshawo kutungamirira kuNormandy kunopinda apo kunyarara kweredhiyo kwaikosha.
Kufamba kweshiri kwakadzidzwa zvakanaka, asi zvakawanda hazvisati zvazivikanwa.Kunyange zvazvo shiri dzichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dziwane nzira dzadzo dzakatenderedza pasi, dzakadai sekuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo uye kutaridzika kwezuva, kunzwisiswa kuMagineti epasi kwakakosha.Mhando dzakawanda dzeshiri dzinotama usiku chete, saka zviratidzo uye nzvimbo yezuva hazvigone kubatsira.
Sezvineiwo kwatiri, Nyika imhando yemagineti yakakonzerwa nekuda kwekutenderera kwayo kwekunze kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa.Dai yanga isiri magineti hombe, tese taizobikwa nemwaranzi yezuva.Munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakabuda pachena kuti mhuka dzinoshandisa puroteni molecule inonzi cryptochrome kuona magineti epasi.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuenderana neblue light wavelengths, idzo dziri pakati pe400 ne480 nanometers.Chirevo kune ichi chokwadi ndechekuti cryptochromes inoshanda chete mukati mezuva.Saka ko mazizi iwayo?
Shiri, zvinoratidzika, imisoro yesimbi yakakomba, ine (sokutaura kwakaita mumwe mutsvakurudzi zvine mutsindo) “masendrite ane iron mumucheka womukati weganda remuromo wepamusoro.”Ikoko iwe unayo, yakajeka sebhero.
Masero etsinga ane ferrous-rich akatanga kuonekwa muhoming njiva, asi marudzi ose eshiri anofungidzirwa kuti anawo.Vanoenda kure-kure vanoda izvi zvakanyanya, asi kunyange huku uye shiri dzinogara dzinozivikanwa kuti dzakapihwa kambasi yemukati.Mune imwe tsvakurudzo yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi PLOS One muna February 2012, munyori mukuru G. Falkenberg anonyora kuti, “Ruzivo rwedu runoratidza kuti iyi yakaoma dendritic system iri mumuromo chinhu chinowanzoitika pashiri, uye kuti inogona kuumba hwaro hwakakosha hwekunzwa kushanduka kweanenge mamwe marudzi emagineti anotungamirirwa maitiro. "
Heavy metal haisi yeshiri chete.Utachiona, slugs, amphibians uye mitoro yakawanda yemarudzi vatakuri vesimbi vasingazive zvakare.Ongororo ichangobva kuburitswa pamusoro pemhinduro dzevanhu kune magineti minda yakawana nyaya zhinji dzakabatwa nelab-yakagadzirwa magineti minda.Sezvinoonekwa pane chaiyo-nguva inoshanda huropi scans, zvidzidzo zvinogona kutoona kana polarity yakadzoserwa sechikamu chechidzidzo.Mune yaKurume 18, 2019 chinyorwa chejenari eNeuro, munyori anotungamira Connie Wang anonyora "Isu tinoshuma pano yakasimba, yakananga uropi hwemunhu kupindura kune ecological-inoenderana nekutenderera kwePasi-simba remagineti minda.Ferromagnetism ... inopa hwaro hwekutanga hunhu hwekuongorora magnetoreception yevanhu. "
Chakanyanya kubata pfungwa dzangu chidzidzo chitsva kubva kuSouth Korea.Mune bepa rakaburitswa muPLOS Imwe muna Kubvumbi 2019, Kwon-Seok Chae et al.vakawana kuti, kunyange vakavharwa maziso uye vakapfeka maear plugs, vanhu vechirume vakanga vatsanya kwezuva rose vaiita sevaizvinangisa munzira yavainyatsoenderana nechikafu.Kuti nditende.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeSosaiti yeAmerican Foresters, uye Canadian Institute of Forestry.Bhuku rake Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees uye Zvimwe Hilarities of the Natural World, rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Nepo zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinopindura kumazuva mapfupi ekupera kwezhizha nekutanga kuvhuvhuta pasi bhizinesi ravo mumwaka, goldenrod ichirimwa "yemazuva mapfupi", rudzi rwunokurudzirwa kutumbuka nekuderera kwezuva.Iyo isingaperi mumhuri yeaster, uye yakapararira kuNorth America yose.Kondinendi-yakafara, isu tine chimwe chinhu pahurongwa hwe130 mhando dzegoldenrod mune genus Solidago.
Serimwe remaruva anotumbuka zvakanyanya mukupera kwezhizha nematsutso, ruva remusango iri nderevakawanda vanotakura mukume, kusanganisira marudzi akawanda enyuchi, manyuko anokosha emuto pamwe chete nemukume unovaka muviri.Nehurombo, chinhu chekupedzisira ichi chakapa goldenrod ziso dema pakati pevazhinji vanorwara neallergies.
Maruva eGoldenrod anoshamisira eyero anoonekwa zvizere mujinga memigwagwa nemumafuro nemumafuro panguva imwe chete iyo imwe yemafungu akanyanya emwaka wehay fever anopinda mukati. Saka zvinonzwisisika kuti goldenrod yave ichipomerwa mhosva yekutsvuka kwemaziso, sinus congestion. , kuhotsira, uye zvakajairwa histamine-yakanyudzwa nhamo iyo vamwe vanhu vanosangana nayo nguva ino yegore.Asi zvinozoitika kuti goldenrod pollen haina mhosva pane zvese zvinopomerwa.
Goldenrod haigone kuve nemhosva nekuti mukume wayo unorema.Iri ishoko rehukama, ndinofunga, sezvo rakareruka zvekuti nyuchi dzinokwanisa kutakura mitoro yacho.Asi munzvimbo yemukume inorema tani - uye zvakare inonamira zvakanyanya - uye haifeferi kure nechirimwa.Hazvirevi kuti goldenrod pollen haigone kuita kuti munhu aite allergic reaction, kungoti kuti aite kudaro, munhu anenge aitofanira kunamira mumhuno yake oifongora.
Haisi chete goldenrod isina mhosva yekurwadzisa, yakashandiswa seimwe sosi yerabha.Henry Ford akafadzwa negoldenrod, uye anonzi akagadzira mamwe matayi akagadzirwa kubva muchirimwa.Kufarira mugoldenrod kwakamutsidzirwa mukati meHondo Yenyika II.Goldenrod inoshandiswawo mumishonga yemakwenzi kubatsira kubata itsvo matombo, maronda ehuro uye mazino.
Saka ndiani ane mhosva kune spike mukupera kwezhizha allergies?Mhosva ndeye goldenrod's cousin, ragweed, kunyange zvazvo isingaite sehama yayo yegoridhe.Ndinofungidzira kuti tese tine hama kana vaviri vakaita se ragweed mumhuri yedu yakakura.Ragweed, chimwe chirimwa chekuzvarwa, chiriwo mumhuri yeaster.Asi kusiyana negoldenrod inoburitsa mitoro yehuku yakareruka.
Yakareruka zvekuti ragweed pollen inogona kuramba iri mumhepo kwemazuva akati wandei.Muchokwadi, huwandu hunokosha hwakawanikwa mumhepo kusvika kumakiromita 400 kuenda kugungwa.Uye chirimwa chimwe chete cheragweed chinogona kugadzira bhiriyoni rembeu dzemukume kuti dzibhururuke pamhepo nokuita kuti uhomwe.Ehe, ndizvo zvinhu zvinokunetsa.
Chimwe chikonzero chatisingafungire kuti ragweed ndechekuti maruva ayo akasvibira uye haataridzi seruva rakajairika.Zvinoita sekunge vari kuedza kusakwezva kutarisa, kugara pasi pe radar uye kurega goldenrod kutora rap.Chikonzero icho ragweed chiri nyore kufuratira ndechekuti imhepo-yakasvibiswa, uye naizvozvo haifaniri kushambadza nemavara akajeka uye nekita inotapira kukwezva mapollinator.Mhepo-yakasvibiswa mbeu dzakaona kuti zviri nyore kukwezva mhepo kupfuura nyuchi, asi iyo yakaderera ndeyokuti inoda kuita yakawanda yakawanda.
Mhando dzakawanda dzeragweed - dzinenge makumi mashanu dzadzo - ndedzegore, asi dzinodzoka muchirimo chega chega kubva kumbeu yakawanda yavanobereka mukudonha.Ragweed icharamba ichibvisa allergens kusvika kune yekutanga chando chakaoma, saka ngativimbei kuti haisi yakawandisa yemwaka wakawedzerwa gore rino.Uye ndapota batsirai kuparadzira shoko nezve goldenrod kuti irege kupomerwa zvenhema.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeSosaiti yeAmerican Foresters, uye Canadian Institute of Forestry.Bhuku rake Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees uye Zvimwe Hilarities of the Natural World, rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Pachiteshi chegasi cheMichigan muna 2015, mumwe murume akaedza kuuraya imwe nemwenje uye akapisa chitsuwa chepombi, achipukunyuka nekukuvara.Makore akati wandei izvi zvisati zvaitika, mumwe mukomana muSeattle akarasikirwa nemba yake kupfuta achiedza kuuraya spider ne blowtorch.Uye Mazda yakamanikidzwa kuyeuka zviuru makumi mana nezviviri zvemotokari dzayo muna 2014 nekuti dandemutande raigona kuvhara mutsetse diki wemafuta nesirika, zvichigona kupaza tangi yepeturu nekukonzera moto.
Vanhu vanoita sevakaomerwa nekutya dandemutande, uye rinogona kunge rakavigwa muDNA yedu, kana kuti mune yedu epigenetic kodhi.Zviri pachena kuti zvingadai zvakabatsira vanhu vekare kuti vangwarire dandemutande, sezvo marudzi mashoma emamiriro ekunze anodziya ane chepfu.Mufunge, vashoma vashoma.Asi dandemutande zvinogona kunetsa kusiyanisa.Kana chimwe chinhu chine makumbo akawandisa nemeso chichikwira kumusoro kwegumbo redu, vazhinji vedu tinotanga tatsveta tobvunza mibvunzo gare gare.
Munyika yose, marudzi anenge 35 000 edandemutande akaonekwa uye akatumidzwa mazita, kunyange zvazvo pasina mubvunzo kune akawanda asati awanikwa.Zvisikwa zvinosvika zviuru zvitatu zvinodana North America kumba, uye zvadzo, dzinenge gumi nembiri dzine chepfu.New York State inogamuchira mhando imwe chete yedandemutande ine muchetura, nepo Texas yakaunganidza gumi nerimwe, inenge yese seti.Asi zvino, vanoita zvinhu zvose nenzira huru zasi uko.
Zvinyorwa hazvibvumirani chaizvo, asi zviri pachena kuti tine marudzi anosvika makumi matatu akasiyana edandemutande muEmpire State, ane gumi eaya anonzi akajairika.Ungafunga kuti munzvimbo dzakakwirira tingave tisina mhungu;mushure mezvose, vazhinji vavo vanogara munzvimbo dzinopisa.Asi sezvazvinoitika rudzi rwega rwekushushikana muNew York, chirikadzi yekuchamhembe (Latrodectus variolus), inofarawo mumatunhu eAdirondack neNorth Country sezvazviri muLong Island.
Imwe nzira inofadza yechirikadzi nhema-inodanwa nokuti dzinozivikanwa kudya murume mushure mekusangana-ndeyekuti maitiro akadaro haana kufanana sezvaimbofungwa.Uku “kudya nyama kwevanhu pabonde” (izwi chairo resainzi) rakatanga kuonekwa murabhoritari umo varume vaisakwanisa kutiza.Zvinoita sekuti musango vanoomerera kune "yakanakisa kudzivirira ndiko kutanga musoro" chikoro chekufunga, uye vazhinji vavo vanopona.
A tsvuku-uye-dema ruvara chirongwa pamotokari mutambo.Pamhungu panotyisa.Tine rombo rakanaka, kuziva chirikadzi yekuchamhembe nhema hatifanire kuitenderedza pasi kuti titarise hunhu dzvuku hourglass chimiro padumbu rake.Maonero andinoita, kurumwa kwakawanda kungangobva kuvanhu vachiedza kuona kuti dandemutande dema rinopenya rine chepfu here kana kuti kwete.Zvakadaro, mhando dzekuchamhembe dzine zvakawanda zvinopenya zvitsvuku zvejometri zvigamba kumusana kwake kuwedzera kune mucherechedzo padumbu rake.
Kunyange zvazvo chirikadzi nhema dzine uturu hunotyisa, dandemutande rebrown recluse ( Loxosceles reclusa) rine njodzi.Kurumwa kubva kubrown recluse, nepo zvisingawanzo, kungada kupindira mune zvekurapa nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwenyama (necrosis) ine hutachiona hunogona kuitika uye mavanga.Munenge chikamu chimwe muzana chezviitiko, kurumwa kwavo kunotungamirira kurufu kana uturu hukava systemic.Zvizhinji zvezviitiko izvi zvinobatanidza vakwegura kana vana vaduku.
Muno muNew York hatina dandemutande rebrown recluse, rinowanikwa kubva kumahombekombe kuenda kumahombekombe asi rakanyanya kuMidwest.Rudzi rwavo runobva kuGulf States kusvika kuchamhembe seVirginia.Zvisinei, gore negore, vashomanana vanopedzisira vasvika pano pavanoviga mikwende kana kuti zvinhu zvevaenzi vanenge vachidzoka.Zvisaririra zvebrown zvinopenya uye zvinopenya, uye hazvina kana mvere.Vane mucherechedzo wakasvibira, wakaita seviolin kumisana yavo, nemutsipa weviolin wakanongedza kumashure kudumbu.
Kune dandemutande rine hukasha, rakadai sedandemutande rinopinda muPacific Northwest, asi rine muchetura zvechokwadi harina kugadzikana.Chirikadzi nhema dzinosarudza kutiza, uye bhurawuni recluse rinotumidzwa nekuda kwechikonzero.Mamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi kana chimwe cheizvi chakahwanda mujira rekugezesa kana chinhu chembatya chobva chanamirwa paganda remunhu izvo zvinoita kuti zvisikwa zvinonyara izvi zvirumwe.
Kunyange zvazvo mhando zhinji dzedandemutande dzisingatombokwanisa kuboya ganda remunhu, dandemutande rinowanzopomerwa kana mumwe munhu akamuka aine mucherechedzo mutsvuku paganda ravo.Kazhinji yenguva, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinobva kune zvipembenene zvinoruma seumhutu kana tsikidzi.
Kuti tive vakanaka, zvakadaro, tine dandemutande rinokwanisa uye rinoruma, spider yero-sac (Cheiracanthium spp.).Inowanikwa mhiri kweNorth America, idzo dzakacheneruka, yero kusvika kune yakasvibira (dzimwe nguva pink kana tani), majekiseni epakati nepakati anogadzira tudzimba tusina sirika mumashizha akamonereka, mapako ematombo, uye dzimwe nguva ari mukona yekamuri.
Kunyangwe isiri njodzi, mhuka iyi ine huturu hunyoro hunogona kukonzera rash, kana mune dzimwe nguva, shoma tishu necrosis.Makore angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura mumwe wavo akaruma rutivi rwemutsipa wangu (yakanga iri mukora yehembe yangu), uye ronda rakavhurika rakakura zvishoma kudarika nickel rakagadzirwa.Ronda racho rakachinja grey inotyisa uye rakatora moths kuti apore.Ndinofanira kuverenga maropafadzo angu, kunyange zvakadaro.Pakanga pasina moto.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeSosaiti yeAmerican Foresters, uye Canadian Institute of Forestry.Bhuku rake Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees uye Zvimwe Hilarities of the Natural World, rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Zvine musoro kuti miti iri kufa ine mavanga ekupedzisira.Zvinonzwika semamiriro akashata - manyaradzo angu.Asi miti ine hutano inawo, zvakare (terminal mavanga, kwete nyaradzo).Chinhu chakanaka, sezvo mavanga ekupedzisira bud achipa nzira yakanaka yekusiya kuburikidza nemuti marekodhi ehutano kudzokera kumashure makore mashanu kusvika gumi.
Mushure mekunge chirimwa chine matanda chine mashizha awo akazara, unoita zvese zvinomera uye maruva mabuds kwegore rinotevera.Mukati memuti wega wega mune nhungirwa yetip, nepo zvikamu zvekubereka zviri mumaruva (sezvineiwo, miti ine pakavanda yezvinomera, asi isina spare flower buds kana muchirimo wakuvadzwa nechando).Pamuromo wedavi rega rega, muti wehuni unogadzira yakakura-kupfuura-avhareji bud, mutungamiriri weramangwana weakasiyana mashizha-dom.Kana bukira rekupedzisira rinotanga kukura muchirimo, rinosiya seri kwegwati regwati rinotambanuka kumativi ese davi.
Iwe unogona kutarisa pasi davi rakananga kwariri hunde yemubereki, uye kazhinji kuwana anokwana mashanu ekupedzisira bud mavanga, dzimwe nguva mashoma, dzimwe nguva akawanda.Kuverengera magirazi kana lenzi remaoko kuchabatsira, nekuti mavanga ekare haana kunyanya kusiyanisa.Nzvimbo iri pakati pevanga rimwe nerimwe inonzi node, uye inomiririra kukura kubva kune rimwe gore.Inoshanda semutongi kune arborists uye masango, uye inogona kuva yako zvakare.
Zvirokwazvo izvi zvinosiyana nemarudzi, asi munhu angatarisira kuona mainji mana kusvika matanhatu ekukura kutsva gore rega rega kuti davi riwane chiedza chezuva chakawanda.Asi kana ukashanyira kosi yekoreji kana kufamba uchidzika nemugwagwa wemumusha une vanhu vakawanda, uchaona miti ine chidimbu chemainji pakati pemavanga ekupedzisira.Zvingave zvakanaka kufunga iyo miti terminal kesi.
Ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira iwe kuita sarudzo dzakanaka pamusoro pekutarisa miti yako yenzvimbo, shuga bush, kana huni.Kana iwe ukaona kusagara kuripo kwekukura kwakanaka, iwe uchabata muti iwoyo kana kumira zvakasiyana.Zvichida kuedza ivhu kwakarongeka.Kana uchida kuchekerera muti wakadaro, bvisa zvishoma, zvisingapfuuri zvishanu kubva muzana zvezvinhu zvinobereka mashizha.Kana iwe uchinetseka kuti masango anounganidza sei matavi samples kubva ku
Imwe metric inobatsira kana uchiongorora miti midiki chinhu chinonzi trunk flare.Ongorora hwaro hwemuti chero upi zvawo.Kana paine kuputika kuri pachena, ndizvo zvazvinofanira kuva.Asi kana hunde yacho yakaita sedanda refenzi riri pamusoro pevhu, kuwora kwemuti iwoyo hakukwanisi kushanda, kana kuchitombogona.Dzimwe nguva muti mudiki unorarama kwenguva yakakwana kuti ukure mitsva (adventitious) midzi kumusoro kwavanogona kuwana oxygen, asi kazhinji haigone kubudirira nenzira yaungave nayo.
Izvo zvakare zvichave zvakanyanya mukana wekugadzira girdling midzi, mamiriro ari iwo chaiwo manzwire azvinoita.Iyi midzi yakatanga kukura yakaita denderedzwa nekuti burlap yanga yakaoma kupinda mugore rekutanga kana maviri.Sezvo hunde iri kukura inosvika mhete yerufu iyi, mhungu-yakafanana nepython girdling mudzi (s) inovhunga hunde.Izvi zvinoitika kana miti iine makore 25-35.Sidebar: gara uchibvisa burlap kana muti uri mugomba.
Munhu anogona kuona basa remaoko rekusunga midzi mumigwagwa mikuru yeNYS pakati pepakati paNyamavhuvhu uye pakati paGunyana.Miti yakasimwa yeDOT yekirasi yezera re25-35 inotanga kushanduka ruvara pamberi pemiti yakakomberedza yemhando imwe chete.Paunenge uchinge watarisa kune ichi chiitiko, iwe uchaona chiitiko ichi kwese kwaunoenda mukupera kwezhizha uye kutanga kwematsutso.
Chikonzero chekudzipwa kana kurwara miti mashizha ekutanga ane chekuita nebalance sheet.Kana muti uri kudzururwa nemidzi yakasungirirwa, fekitari yawo yeshuga hainyanyi kushanda zvakanaka pane mamwe emhando yawo.Miti yakadaro inosvika pakuputsika-kunyange nzvimbo isati yasvika miti yakasimba, uye nokudaro inotanga ruvara.
Iye zvino une mamwe mashoma maturusi ekuongorora hutano hwemuti.Ndinovimba vanogona kukubatsira kuti uchengetedze miti mishoma kubva pakuva terminal nguva yavo isati yasvika.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeSosaiti yeAmerican Foresters, uye Canadian Institute of Forestry.Bhuku rake Shady Characters: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Soup, Leprechaun Trees uye Zvimwe Hilarities of the Natural World, rinowanikwa pa amazon.com
Imwe neimwe yaNovember, vataridzi venyeredzi vanofarira kuona Leonid meteor shower (gore rino pa17 uye 18th), iyo inoratidzika semhando yevoyeuristic, asi kune mumwe nemumwe wake.Vavhimi vanofarira November, uye vanhu vazhinji vanocherechedza Thanksgiving mumwedzi iwoyo.Uye zvakare inguva yakanaka yekudyara miti yakawanda.
Zvakanaka kudyara muti kubva kukireshi une midzi yawo yega (ingava bhora-ne-burlap kana mudziyo wakakura) chero nguva ivhu risati raoma nechando.Asi kuchera nekufambisa muti mumwaka wekukura kwakafanana nekuvhiyiwa pasina anesthesia.Zvinogona kuitwa, asi mhedzisiro yacho haisi yakanaka nguva dzose.
Kana mashizha apera, zvakadaro, miti inogona kunyatsofambiswa zvakanaka nekuti yakarara, yakarara iri izwi rechiFrench rekuti "kurara zvakanyanya zvekuti haumuke kunyangwe mumwe munhu akakuchera nemidzi."Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti miti midiki inopora kubva pakudyara zviri nani pane miti mikuru, uye kazhinji inopedzisira yave kunze-kuita.Uye kutamisa muti muduku zviri nyore pamusana wako.
Paunenge uchienda kunochera muti kubva kuhuni kana kumucheto kwemunda, yeuka kuti unofanira kuwana mvumo kubva kumuridzi.Zvakare kuti zvakakosha kuchera zvakafara pane kudzika.Kunyangwe nemioki uye walnuts ane taproots yakakura, kuwana yakanaka lateral midzi kwakakosha pane kuwana taproot yese.Kuratidza chokwadi ichi, gomba rekudyara rakakodzera rinofanira kunge rakaita soso uye rakafara zvakapetwa kaviri sebhora remidzi, asi risina kudzika.
Kuwedzera gobs ye organic matter kubackfill kungangove kwakatanga kare, apo vanhu dzimwe nguva vaibata arborist, kana imwe yaive nemaoko, voikanda mugomba rekudyara.Zvichida mukupindura kune izvi, vazhinji veArborists nhasi vanokurudzira zvishoma kana kusave nekuwedzera organic matter muvhu reko rine kubereka kwakanaka.(Zano: zvinomera zvinokura panzvimbo zvinopa chiratidzo chekuti ivhu rakanaka sei.)
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo ivhu rakanyanya kuderera, zvisinei, sevhu rakakomberedzwa, jecha rakachena kana mumigwagwa, gomba rekudyara rakafara zvakapetwa kaviri rinofanira kuitwa.Iwe unogona kutsiva kusvika kune chimwe chetatu chevhu rakacherwa ne organic matter uye/kana zvimwe zvigadziriso.Hazvina mhosva kuti ivhu rakanaka sei kana kuti rakashata sei, hapana fetereza yekutengesa inofanira kushandiswa panguva yekudyara.
Midzi icharamba ichikura chero ivhu richiramba risina chando, saka zvakakosha kuchengetedza kudonha kwekudonha kubva pakuoma.Kubaya kana kusaisa padanda kazhinji ndiwo mubvunzo wekupedzisira.Kana pamusoro pacho pakakurisa zvichienzaniswa nebhora remidzi zvekuti rinogona kuvhuvhuta, mira zvishoma, uchishandisa jira kana zvidimbu zvebhasikoro mukati mechubhu yakatenderedza hunde.Bvisa matanda nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, nekuti kufamba kunokurudzira hunde yakasimba.Iviri-inch mulch layer pamusoro pegomba rekudyara (dhonza mulch kubva pahunde) inopedzisa basa.
Musi weMugovera Mbudzi 2, 2019, Dunhu reSt. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation rakaronga musangano wekudyara miti pamwe chete neGuta reOgdensburg.Chiitiko ichi chichaitwa kubva 9 AM kusvika masikati paDubisky Center, 100 Riverside Ave. muOgdensburg.Ndeyemahara, asi pre-kunyoresa inokumbirwa.Ingofonera (315) 386-3582 kunyoresa kana kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
Paul Hetzler anga ari ISA-Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeSosaiti yeAmerican Foresters uye Canadian Institute of Forestry.
Maruva, anowanikwa pasirese munzvimbo dzakadzikama dzekuchamhembe hemisphere, anga ari akakosha etsika mifananidzo kwemireniyamu.Zvichienderana nekwaumire papasi, vanogona kumiririra kuzvininipisa, kuchena, bonde risingadzoreki, kupatsanurwa kweQuébec, hupfumi, kana gadheni rinobudirira, kungotaura zvishoma zvingangoitika.
Ruva rinodudzwa muTestamende Itsva, zvakadai saMateo 6:26 : “Tarirai maruva esango, haashandi, haaruki;asi ndinoti kwamuri: Soromoni pakubwinya kwake kose, haana kumboshonga serimwe raaya.Mharidzo, semanzwisisiro andinoita, nderekuti munhu haafanire kutambisa simba achinetsekana kuti achapfeka sei, nekuti kunyange maruva emusango anoshongedzwa zvakanaka.
Nehurombo, kuchamhembe kweNew York State kune chipembenene chitsva chinoshanda mukubvisa maruva.Iro lily leaf beetle (LLB) inzvimbo tsvuku-tsvuku yeAsia neEurope iyo ine chido chekuda maruva echokwadi, ayo ari mumhando yeLilium, pamwe chete nehama dzavo mafritillaries (LLB haidyi maruva emasikati).Kutanga kuwanikwa muNY State muna 1999 nevaviri veCornell Master Gardeners muClinton County, bete reshizha rehapa rakapararira zvishoma nezvishoma muNY State mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, zvakashamisa vanofarira maruva.
Vakuru LLB inotangira pa6 kusvika pa9 mm (1/4 kusvika 3/8 ye inch) kureba, uye vane maerere ane mukurumbira.Vakuru, iyo inoputika muvhu, inotanga kudya nokukurumidza apo maruva anotanga kuonekwa.Dzinokwirana, dzinokandira mazai uye dzinofa mumwaka uchangotanga, asi makonye adzo anobva abuda kuti aparadze zvakanyanya.Painenge 12 mm kana hafu-inch kana yakazara-saizi, LLB makonye anogona kunge eyero kana orenji, asi haungambozviziva nekuti anozora poop yawo pese pachezvawo kuti adzivise zvikara.Iri izano rinoshanda zvakanaka pavarimi, uye zvimwe pashiri.Gare gare mumwaka, zvipembenene zvinoputika uye zvinobuda sezvipembenene, izvo zvakare zvinoenda shure kwemaruva ane urombo.Zvakasvika pakuipa zvekuti vamwe varimi vakarasa mariva.
Asi muSt. Lawrence County, varimi vashoma vemaruva vakabudirira kurwisa uye vakakunda.Muna 2015, Dr. Paul Siskind, Nyanzvi yeMumhanzi kuburikidza nekudzidziswa pamwe neCornell Master Naturalist, aida kutsvaga yakanakisa organic spray kudzora ichi chipembenene chitsva.Kukushamisika kwake, Siskind akawana pakange paine tsvakiridzo shoma yakaitwa paLLB, uye hapana zvachose pamusoro penyaya yake yaanofarira.Akagadzira chidzidzo chekuenzanisa kushanda kwezvakajairwa organic zvigadzirwa, uye zvakare akarekodha hama dzeLLB inowanikwa pamhando ina dzakasiyana dzemaruva kuti vaone dzaifarirwa neLLB.
Nyaya pfupi ndeyokuti chigadzirwa chinonzi Spinosad, chakagadzirwa nemakomisheni anogadzirwa nemamwe mabhakitiriya, chakapa kutonga kwakanaka kwebhinzi remashizha.Kunyangwe isina muchetura kupfuura mamwe akawanda emishonga yezvipembenene, gara uchitevedzera maratidziro anoratidza.Mafuta enzimbe, anobva mumuti wemunzvimbo dzinopisa, akanyorwa seanoshanda kurwisa makonye eLLB, asi Dr. Siskind vakaona kuti mishonga yemuneem chete iyo yakanyorwa kuti “yakatsikirirwa” ndiyo ine chekuita.Akataurawo kuti LLB inofarira zvikuru maruva emhando yeAsiatic akadai se 'Orange County,' ane maruva eTrumpet se'African Queen' munzvimbo yechipiri.Mhando dzekuMabvazuva dzaitombonaka, uye zvipembenene zvemashizha ehapa zvairatidza kusafarira michinjikwa yeOriental x Trumpet yakaita se'Conca d'Or.'
Kunhonga nemaoko, kusingafadzi kunyangwe zvakadaro, kunogona zvakare kupa yakanaka LLB kutonga, uye ndiyo yakachipa uye yakachengeteka sarudzo kusvika kure.Guy Drake weHeuvelton, mugadziri wemaruva asingaperi nemakwenzi, anotenda kuti iwe unoda kurova LLB, unongofanira "kurima bindu," mumashoko ake.Guy, anogona kuwanikwa paCanton Farmers' Market kaviri pasvondo, akandiudza kuti dzvuku dzvuku rakaparadza sarudzo yake yeruva pavakatanga kuoneka kwaaigara makore akati wandei apfuura.Gore rakatevera akatanga kushingairira kutsvaga mazai eLLB, makonye nevakuru mangwanani ega ega.Kubva ipapo, haasati asisina nyuchi.
Chakavanzika, akatsanangura, ndechekutora nemaoko mangwanani-ngwanani.Chikonzero zvakakosha kuti ubve nekukurumidza imhaka yekuti zvipembenene zvakura zvine nzira yekuzvidzivirira nayo yakasiyana.Paunongosvika, dzinodonhedza chirimwa chacho, dzomhara dzakatsikitsira pasi, dzorara dzakanyarara.Kunyangwe zvakatsvuka pamusoro, pasi pawo pakasviba, zvichiita kuti zvisave nyore kuwana.Asi muchiedza chemangwanani, anoti haafambe, uye anogona kutsvairwa mumvura ine sipo kana kupwanywa.
Mukufamba kwenguva, kudzora zvipenyu kunogona kuchengetedza huwandu hweLLB hwakaderera zvekuti vanomira kutyisidzira maruva.Muna 2017, chirongwa cheNYS Integrated Pest Management (NYS IPM) kuCornell's College of Agriculture neHupenyu Sayenzi, yakabatana neCornell Cooperative Extension, yakaburitsa mhando nhatu dzehuputi hudiki muPutnam neAlbany Counties, pamwe neLong Island.Vatsvagiri kubva kuNYS IPM vanoti zvichave zvishoma, asi vane tarisiro yekuti kutonga kweLLB kuchaitika mumakumi emakore anotevera.
Zvichakadaro, tichada kubatsira maruva kuti hembe dzawo dzakanaka dzisadyiwa nezvipembenene zvemaruva.Bindu kumusoro, munhu wese!
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Takamirira kwenguva yakareba kuti zhizha risvike gore rino, saka hazvina kunaka kuti mamwe macrabapples ari maruva ave kushanduka yero nekushava uye atodonha mashizha.Gomo-ash, serviceberry, uye hawthorn zvinokanganiswawo nechirwere chimwe chete.Pano neapo mamepu mashoma nemamwe marudzi ari kudonhedza mashizha asina kurongeka, ayo mazhinji acho achiri akasvibira, kazhinji aine zvigamba zvitema kana zvebrown.Mamiriro ekupedzisira ane kwakasiyana kwakabva, asi ese ari maviri akadzika midzi mune rekodhi-yakanyorova mamiriro ekunze e2019.
Chirwere chinozivikanwa chinonzi apple scab ( Venturia inaequalis ) chinokanganisa miti yemapuro hongu, asi dzimwe nhengo shoma dzemhuri yerose, kusanganisira maruva anotumbuka.Venturia inaequalis ifungus inoputika mumashizha akadonha emiti yakambotapukirwa;maspores ayo anoburitswa kubva mumashizha ekare kuti atange kutenderera kutsva kwehutachiona nekukanganisa kwemvura yechirimo.Zviri pachena kuti mvura yakawanda inoreva kuwanda kwespores mumhepo uye chirwere chakanyanya kuoma chechirwere.
Zviratidzo zveapuro scab idiki diki kana maorivhi-girini makwapa pamashizha pamwe nemuchero.Mumwaka wakaoma panogona kuva nekukuvadzwa kushoma, asi mumakore ekunaya kunowanzoita kuti mashizha akawanda aurawe.Dzimwe nguva dzinoratidza zvishoma zveorenji kana yero isati yadonha, kunyangwe mashizha akafa anogonawo kugara pamatavi kwemwaka wese.Chikwepa cheapuro hachiwanzouraya miti, asi chinoipedza simba.Muminda yemaapuro inotengeswa inogona kutungamirira kumichero yakaremara iyo inogara ichitsemuka.
Imwe yedzakareruka nzira dzekubatsira kuderedza apuro scab ndeyekusimudza uye kuparadza mashizha akadonha mumatsutso ega ega.Fungicides inogona kuderedza zviratidzo kana ikashandiswa mukutanga kwechirimo apo buds ichangovhurwa.Imwe yezvigadzirwa zviri nani ndeye potassium bicarbonate, organic compound.Nekudaro, kana uine gakanje rinoita maruva, rinogara riri hondo yekukwira, iyo inowedzera kuipa nekufamba kwenguva.Nzira yakanakisa yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri ndeyekuitsiva nembesa isingauraye zvirwere.Nhasi kune macrabapples anodarika makumi maviri anoyevedza anotonhoresa anoshingirira kuapuro scab.Rondedzero yakazara inogona kuwanikwa pa http://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/outreach/recurbtree/pdfs/~recurbtrees.pdf
Anthracnose ishoko rinowanzoreva boka rehuwani hune hukama hunotapudza mashizha emiti yakawanda yemakwenzi nemiti yakaoma.Utachiona hwehutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana, saka walnut anthracnose inokonzerwa nehupenyu hwakasiyana pane maple anthracnose, kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvakafanana.Tarisa maronda ebrown kana matema, kazhinji angular, uye akasungwa nemashizha emashizha.Sezvakaita apple scab, anthracnose inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya, ichinyanya kuomarara mumakore ekunaya pane kuoma.Kashoma zvakare kuuraya miti, asi inoipedza simba nekufamba kwenguva.Chimwe chakafanana ndechekuti chirwere chinoputika mumashizha akabatwa gore rapfuura.
Zvakaoma kudzora anthracnose nekuti spores anogona overwinter padavi uye bazi tishu zvakare.Nepo kushandiswa kwefungicide kungabatsira, miti yemimvuri inowanzova yakakura kuti muridzi wemba akwanise kusvika pamashizha ese, uye zvinodhura kuve nemiti mikuru yakapfapfaidzwa nerori yebhoom.Mashizha akabatwa anofanira kukwizwa uye kuparadzwa.Pamusoro pezvo, tora matanho ekuwedzera kutenderera kwemhepo uye kupenya kwezuva kutenderedza miti yakakanganisika.Zvingave zvakakosha kutetepa miti yakasimwa zvakanyanya.
Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvose izvi zvave zviripo kwemazana emakore, kunyanyisa kwemamiriro okunze kunowanzoitika mumakore achangopfuura kwakaita kuti zviome kudzora kupfuura kare.Kunyangwe kune miriwo isingamirire anthracnose, sekuziva kwangu hakuna miti isingamirire kunze kwemango nedogwood, saka yakawedzera kureba kwekudyara uye hutsanana huri nani hwakakosha izvozvi.Asi nhamba imwe nzira yekudzivirira crabby crabapples ndeyekudyara chete marudzi asingarware zvirwere anozofara kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze akashata.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Imwe yemavara emashizha ekudonha anoyevedza anobva kune akazvininipisa sosi.Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachizviona sesora, uye vamwe vachifunga kuti zvine njodzi, iyo yakajairika staghorn sumac inotibata kune yakajeka, neon-tsvuku-orenji kuputika kweruvara panguva ino yegore.Mukurumbira waro sekunetsa wakavakirwa zvakanaka, sezvo uchigona kupararira nenzira yemidzi yayo muminda nemafuro, asi sumac haisi ngozi.
Pandaiva mwana, Baba vakandiratidza poison ivy uye vakanyeverawo nezvechepfu sumac (nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, chepfu oak haina kuita kucheka).Sezvo "Marco" aigara achienda ne "Polo," "chepfu" yaiteverwa ne "ivy" kana "sumac," zvirinani mupfungwa dzangu.Sezvo ndatungamira zvisingaverengeke mafambiro echisikigo, ndinoziva kuti vamwe vanhu vazhinji vakakurawo vachienzanisa sumac nehupfu.Staghorn sumac haina kuchengetedzeka chete kubata, inonaka kwazvo.
Funga iwe, poison sumac iripo.Kungoti vanhu vashoma vanombozviona.Kana ukadaro, sezvandinoita, unenge wakadzika makumbo (zvishoma) mumvura.Poison sumac inosungirwa chirimwa chevhu, chinoda kuzara, uye kazhinji kuzere mafashama, ivhu.Chepfu sumac chinhu chine machakwi, uye kunze kwekuti ine mashizha akakoniwa uye igwenzi, ine zvishoma zvakafanana nesumac yatinoona mazuva ese.
Poison sumac ine masumbu akasununguka emabriji anoshanduka kuita chena kana akura, uye anodonha pasi."Yakanaka" sumac, kune rumwe rutivi, ine masumbu akasimba emabheri matsvuku anodada akasimudzwa setochi yaLady Liberty.Poison sumac ine mashizha anopenya, mashizha anopenya anopenya, uye mashizha ayo anoshanduka yero mukudonha.Mukupesana, staghorn sumac ine fuzzy matavi.Mashizha ayo ekupedzisira matte anoshanduka kuita tsvuku inoyevedza mumatsutso.
Kune akati wandei marudzi e "akanaka" sumac, uye ese ane ma berries matsvuku akafanana akachengetwa mudenga.Zvinhu zvinoita maapuro tangy malic acid, uye sumac berries inotakurwa neiyi inonaka inonyungudika mvura inonaka.Kugadzira "sumac-ade" zvese zvaunoda ipurasitiki bhaketi rakazara nesumac berry masumbu (usatore iwo ega), iwe unozozadza nemvura inotonhora.Gadzirisa ma berries maminetsi mashoma uye simbisa nemucheka wakachena.Izvi zvinokusiya uine chinwiwa chepingi chakavava, chaunogona kutapira kuti uravire.
Nekuti malic acid inonyungudika mumvura, ma sumac berries anorasika mamwe (asi kwete zvese) zvekunaka kwavo muchirimo.Nguva inotevera apo sumac yakatsvuka yakatsvuka “mureza” inobata ziso rako, funga kumira kuti utore mamwe mabriji kuti ugadzire chinwiwa chinozorodza.Uye nokukurumidza zviri nani.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Mazwi emwaka anowanda kuti kuwa kwave pedyo.Matsindi egrey anochengeta zvokudya zvawo zvemuchando nefivha, mabhazi echikoro yeyero abuda muchando, uye zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti mapoka eshiri yeblackbird ari kudzidzira gymnastic yawo yemuchadenga.Zvichida kune imwe mhando yeAvian Olympics munzvimbo yavo yechando.
Vatungamiriri veScout, vadzidzisi, uye vashandi vekuchengeta masikati hapana mubvunzo kuti vanofadzwa kuti Canada geese inokwanisa kuronga V-yakaumbwa yekutevera-ye-mutungamiri maumbirwo endege pasina kupokana kunooneka, kupopotedzana, kana hutongi.Neruremekedzo rwose rwakakodzera kumhata dzinotama (uye idzo dzakapiwa basa rokuronga mapoka epwere), boka remakumi ezviuru zveshiri nhema dziri kutenderera nokutenderera pamwe chete dziri kukwezva zvikuru.Kunyange zvazvo shiri, shiri dzemhou uye nyeredzi dzinoparadza dzakaiswa muchikwata cheshiri tsvuku, ndiyo yedu yekuzvarwa tsvuku ine mapapiro (Agelaius phoeniceus) yandinowanzoona mhiri kuchamhembe kweNew York State.
Tichifunga kuti shiri dzine mapapiro matsvuku ndidzo shiri dzakawanda zvikurusa muNorth America, tingati sei tisingaoni kutama kwadzo?Mushure mezvose, zvipfuwo zvavo zvakakura zvikuru, maererano nenhamba, kupfuura yehanzi.Kutaura zvazviri, Richard A. Dolbeer weUSDA-APHIS Wildlife Services muDenver anoti boka rimwe chete ringave rine shiri dzinopfuura miriyoni.
Canada geese migration yakaoma kupotsa.Kunyangwe mapoka avo akaita seV akasabata ziso rako, kuridza kwavo ruzha kunokuzivisa kuti chii chiri kuitika, sekutaura.Asi shiri nhema idiki uye dzinofamba zvakanyanya husiku, uye hadzina mapaipi ane hanzi, uye manzwi adzo haaende kure.Uye zvinobvumwa kuti havana kuwanda kuchamhembe kweNY State sezvavari kumusoro kuMidwest.
Ese shiri nhema, mapapiro matsvuku akabatanidzwa, ari omnivores.Vanodya zvipembenene zvakadai semakonye echibage, pamwe nembeu yesora, chokwadi chinofanira kuita kuti tivade.Zvinosuruvarisa dzimwe nguva vanodya zviyo, izvo zvine zvinopesana.Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti hadziwanzokonzerese kukanganisa kukuru pazvirimwa.
Pamwe chete nemarobhoti, ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirimo.Kazhinji ndinovanzwa ndisati ndavaona;kushevedzera kwechirume kwe“oak-a-chee” mimhanzi munzeve dzangu munzira dzakawanda kupfuura imwe.Uye zvigamba zvemapapiro zvitsvuku uye zveyero, kana kuti epaulets, ehono kupfapfaidza kweruvara mu sepia-ne-snow tones inoratidzira pakati paKurume.
Mapapiro matsvuku anowanzo gara munzvimbo dzakasununguka mumachakwi.Ndinoyeuka tichikwira igwa nomwanasikana wangu muduku nomumateru, tichidongorera mumatendere eshiri ine mapapiro matsvuku apo vanhu vakuru vaiyengerera pamusoro, vachipokana nenzwi guru uye dzimwe nguva tichinyura pedyo zvikuru nemisoro yedu.Madhaka anochengetedza mapapiro matsvuku kubva kune zvikara zvakaita semakava nemaraccoon, uye nhunzvi, idzo dzine mavara matsvuku, dzinosangana zvakanaka.Hawks, nemazizi kusvika padiki, zvinotora shiri pashiri nhema zvisinei nekwadzinogara, zvakadaro.
Mukudonha, shiri nhema dzinoungana pamwechete dzisati dzatamira kunzvimbo dziri kumaodzanyemba kweUS.Apa ndipo pavanoratidza ma avian acrobatics.Zvimwe wakatyaira uchitevedza mapoka makuru eshiri nhema uye wakashamisika nemabatiro avanoita vese kuchinja nzira ipapo ipapo.
Mamwe mangwanani mukudonha uku nhamba huru yemapapiro matsvuku yakamhara mumepu huru yeshuga pachivanze changu.Ndakavatarisa ndichishamisika vachiyerera vachibuda mumuti uya vozvidurura vachidzika mune imwe muporonga hombe yaiva pedyo.Vakadzokorora kuita kwe "avian hourglass" kakawanda.
Vatsvagiri vagara vachinetsekana pamusoro pekufamba kweboka.Mumakore achangopfuura vakafambira mberi nekuda kwekumhanya-mhanya kwekufungidzira, algorithms uye komputa modelling.Vatambi vemafirimu vakashandisa aya algorithms kuratidza mafambiro ehove nemhuka dzemombe.
Sezviri pachena, shiri imwe neimwe inochengeta vatanhatu vayo - kwete, kwete vashoma - vavakidzani vepedyo, uye inoronga mafambiro ayo navo.Hazvinei kuti dzinotendeuka kana kuti kunyura kangani, dzinochengeta chinhambwe chimwe chete pakati padzo neshiri nhanhatu dziri pedyo zvikuru.
Asi chaizvoizvo shiri dzinochengeta sei madaro mukati meboka, kana kuti kuziva nguva yokuchinja nzira?Sekutaura kwaClaudio Carere, nyanzvi yokuItaly yoruzivo rweshiri yakabatikana zvikuru mukufunda mufambiro weboka renyeredzi muRoma, “Maitiro chaiwo azvinoita, hapana anoziva.”Ndinoda muongorori akatendeseka.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Sekuziva kwevaredzi vazhinji, miti uye trout zvine hukama hwepedyo.Kwete mupfungwa yemhuri, hongu.Uye kwete senzira iyo matomatisi nehove zvakaroorana muchidimbu muna 1996 kuyedza paOakland, California-based DNA Plant Technology mukuyedza kuwana domatisi inoshivirira chando (kana pamwe hove ine saucy).Dai pasina miti yakavharwa, hove dzemvura inotonhora dzingadai dzisina kurarama muhova zhinji dzadzinogara.
Masango anotipa akawanda “ecosystem services” akawanda.Nepo izwi richiita sekunge iwe unogona kufonera Ecosystem Services paunenge uchidzika musasa uye kuodha waini inounzwa kutende rako, masevhisi aya, kana zvipo, zvinobva kune yakasarudzika (runako runako) kuenda kune yemazuvane (dollar kukosha kwekushanya).
Zvinosanganisirawo zvinhu zvakakosha sekugadzirwa kweokisijeni, uye kubviswa kwezvikamu zvemhepo.Imwe sevhisi iri kuderedza kukanganisa kwezviitiko zvedutu rakanyanyisa.Dense Forest cover dampens (sokutaura) simba iro mvura inonaya pasi, izvo zvinotungamirira kumvura shoma inoyerera pamusoro penyika uye yakawanda inopinda mumvura yepasi.Zvakare, mumvuri wecanopy unoita kuti chando chechando chinyunguduke zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichideredza njodzi yemafashamo ezasi.
Ivhu remusango rakanakira kutora nekusefa mvura inonaya nekuti midzi yemiti inobata duff layer panzvimbo.Midzi inobatsirawo kudzikamisa mabhanga ehova.
Kudzikamisa kuyerera kwepasi kunodzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu uye kunoita kuti marara asabuda munzira dzemvura, asi mabhenefiti anoenda kupfuura izvozvo.Kana mvura zhinji uye kunyungudika kwechando kunoguma semvura yepasi, kusiyana nekumhanya mumvura pamusoro, zvinotungamira kune tembiricha inotonhora yerukova.Dense canopy inobatsirawo kuti mvura itonhore nekureba kwayo.
Izvi zvinoita kuti hove dzifare nekuti dzinogona kufema nyore.Nenzira yekutsanangura, ani zvake akazarura chinwiwa che carbonated anoziva kuti magasi anozonyungudika mumvura.Bhodhoro re seltzer riri pedyo nechando rinogona kuvhurwa zvakachengeteka nekuti mvura inotonhora inobata gasi rakanyungudika zviri nani.Isa bhodhoro rimwe chete padashboard muzuva kweawa, zvakadaro, uye rinopfapfaidza pese pese paunotsemuka pamusoro, nekuti gasi riri kukurumidza kubuda mumhinduro.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kune oxygen yakanyungudika muhova.Vanhu nezvimwe zvipenyu zvepanyika zvine humbowo hwekutenderera munzvimbo ine mweya weokisijeni: ingangoita 21% yemhepo yePasi inogadzirwa nemorekuru rakakosha iri.The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) inotaura kuti vashandi vekununura vanofanira kupfeka zvigadziro zvekufema zvega kana nzvimbo inoyera pasi pe19.5%.Vamwe vanhu vanowana woozy pa19% O2 uye kufa kunoitika panosvika 6% okisijeni.
Iyo yepamusoro-soro inogona kusanganiswa yeokisijeni yakanyungudika (DO) mumvura ndeye 14.6 zvikamu pamiriyoni pane tembiricha ye0.1 C kana 32.2 F. Kuti uise izvi nenzira yakajeka, iyo yakanakisa hove inogona kutarisira ndeye 0.00146% okisijeni mumvura yakaipa-inotonhora.Kazhinji, trout nemamwe masalmonid anoda shoma DO ye9 kusvika 10 ppm, asi inogona kurarama mune zvishoma se7 ppm mumvura inotonhora kupfuura 10 C (50 F).Mazai eTrout anotonyanya kukurumidza, achiva kana iyo DO inodonha pazasi 9 ppm kunyangwe mumvura inotonhora.
Masango anoita zvakawanda kupfuura kudzivirira mashanga kubva, uye kutonhora mukati, hova nenzizi.Vanopa huni, iyo inonyanya kukosha kunzira dzemvura dzine hutano kupfuura zvinonzwika.Kutaura zvazviri, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine masango akaparadzwa kana kuti akachekwa, varidzi veminda vanobhadharwa kuti vaise matanda munzizi kuti vavandudze pokugara.Miti yakadonha nguva nenguva inovhara nzira yemvura uye inoshandura nzira yayo, iyo inogona kunetsa kune zvipenyu kwenguva pfupi uye yenzvimbo.Asi ruzhinji rwemakumbo nemahunde izvo zvinopedzisira zvave muhova zvinobatsira kupa pekugara kwehove, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvavanodya.Chidziviso chechidimbu kana chakazara chinoita semudziva wedziva, kugadzira nzvimbo dzakadzika, dzinotonhora.Inobatsira kugeza matombo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune stonefly, mayfly uye caddisfly nymphs (vadiki).
Chero ani zvake ane maeka akati kuti kana kupfuura evhu rine matanda anogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kana kuvandudza hutano hwayo nekuwana hurongwa hwekutarisira sango.Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekuhaya masango akazvimirira, kana kuburikidza neNew York state department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC).
Kukohwewa kwemapuranga kunogona kunyatsoenderana nehutano hwemasango, chero bedzi ichiitwa maererano nehurongwa hwako hwehutungamiri, uye inotungamirirwa nenyanzvi yemasango.Muchokwadi, kwete chete kuti kukohwewa kwematanda kwakagadzikana kuri nani kuhove, kunopa muridzi wemunda mari yakawanda munguva refu.Nguva yese iyi, iwo masango anodzorwa zvakanaka anokwanisa kuchengetedza iwo akakosha ecosystem masevhisi atinovimba nawo.Minus iyo tende-side waini yekuendesa hongu.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Imwe yemazwi ekudzikisira marara uye kushanda nesimba ndeye "Deredzai, Shandisazve, Recycle" sirogani, iyo inoratidza kurongeka kwekuda kuchengetedza zviwanikwa: Zvakanaka kushandisa zvinhu zvishoma pakutanga, asi kana wawana 'em unogona. uyewo zvishandise zvakare.Mukupedzisira, zvakadaro, zviri nani kuti vadzokororwe pane kunyudzwa mudurunhuru.
Hazvisi zvese zvigadzirwa zvinowira zvakanaka mune iyi hierarchy, zvakadaro.Kuve denderedzwa, vhiri remotokari rinofanira kunge riri poster-mwana wepfungwa yekuti izvo zvinouya zvinofanirwa kutenderera kakawanda sezvinobvira.Chimwe chinetso ndechokuti vatengi vanodisa zvikuru kushandisazve matai emotokari namarori anofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 300 ayo vaAmerica vanorasa gore rimwe nerimwe umhutu.Uye chokwadi chekuti chivakwa chakasimba, chakasimba ndicho chinotsanangudza vhiri rakanaka chinoita kuti kuadzokorora kuve kwakaoma.
Pakutanga, zvakazivikanwa kuti vhiri rakaraswa raiva purazi rehumhutu.Saka mumazuva ekare zvakanga zvakajairika kupa vhiri rakafa neguva risina kudzika uye kuti rakanaka zvakakwana.Asi paavhareji, vhiri rakavigwa rine 75% nzvimbo yemhepo, saka kana isina kudzika zvakanyanya inova yakakwana kune vechidiki makonzo vaviri kana yero-jaketi mambokadzi achitsvaga yakanaka yekutanga imba.
Pakaendeswa matayi kunzvimbo dzinoraswa marara, imwe nyaya yaive yekuti aisakwanisa kusungirirwa, nokudaro akaparadza nzvimbo yakawanda.Uyezve zvakazoitika kuti vakasimuka kubva kuvakafa, vachizadzwa nemethane uye vachigwinha-gwinha nzira kuenda pamusoro.
Muna 2004, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) yakaunganidza rondedzero yenyika yose yemarara, ichiratidza nzvimbo makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu dzematairi emamiriyoni makumi maviri nepfumbamwe.Kubva ipapo, mamwe masayiti akawanikwa, asi huwandu hwese hwematayi huri kudonha zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwechikamu che2003 kugadziridzwa kweEnvironment Conservation Law inonzi Waste Tire Management uye Recycling Act.Uyu ndiwo Mutemo unoda kuti magaraji akubhadharise muripo wekurasa matayi zvakakodzera.
Gore ra1990 risati rasvika, inenge 25% chete yematai akaraswa aishandiswazve, asi mazuva ano nhamba yacho yakwira kusvika 80%, iri pazasi peyero ye95% inowanikwa muEurope, asi ichiri kuvandudzwa kukuru.Inopfuura hafu yematai edu akadzokororwa anoshandiswa sehuni, kunyanya nemaindasitiri akaita semafirita esimende nezvigayo zvesimbi.Matai zvakare akachekwa kana pasi, uye inoguma crumb-rabha inowedzerwa kune asphalt kana kongiri yekugadzira mugwagwa, iyo inopa kusimba uye kuvhunduka-absorption hunhu.Nezvikonzero zvakafanana, shredded rabha inosanganiswa nevhu pasi penhandare dzemitambo, uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekutamba pasi pekugezera uye zvivakwa zvekutamba kubatsira kudonha kwecushion.
Mumakore achangopfuura, rubha revhu rakatengeswa sechisarudzo chemulch kune vanogadzira nyika uye varidzi vemba.Izvi zvaiita senge kupera kwakakwana-kushandiswa kwematai akadzokororwa, asi vamwe vaongorori vari kukahadzika huchenjeri hwerabha mulch.Maererano naDr. Linda Chalker-Scott, Associate Purofesa paPuyallup Research and Extension Center paWashington State University, kutyisa kwerabha kunonyanya kunetseka, kunyanya kana inoshandiswa pedyo nezvirimwa zvemiriwo.
Mune rimwe remapepa ake akabudiswa, Dr. Chalker-Scott akataura kuti "Chimwe chechepfu yerabha leachate inokonzerwa nemaminerari ayo: aluminium, cadmium, chromium, mhangura, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, sulfur. , uye zingi…rabha ine zinc yakakwira zvakanyanya - inosvika 2% yehuremu hwevhiri.Zvisikwa zvinoverengeka zvemiti… zvakaratidzwa kuunganidza mwero wakanyanya wezinc dzimwe nguva kusvika pakufa. ”
Bepa racho rinotaura kuti pamusoro pesimbi, makemikari eorganic ayo "anoramba akamira munzvimbo uye ane chepfu kune zvipenyu zvemumvura" anobuda murabha yakachekwa.Chalker-Scott anopedzisa kuti:
"Zviri pachena kubva muzvinyorwa zvesainzi kuti rabha haifanirwe kushandiswa sechigadziriso chenyika kana mulch.Hapana mubvunzo kuti zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinobuda kubva murabha sezvainoshatisa, ichisvibisa ivhu, zvirimwa zvemunzvimbo, uye hurongwa hwemvura hunobatanidzwa.Kunyange kudzoreredza matai emarara iri nyaya yakakosha kugadzirisa, haisi mhinduro yekungoendesa dambudziko kunzvimbo dzedu uye pamusoro pemvura. "
Pandakabvunzwa kuti ndeipi mhando yemhando yepamusoro, ini ndinowanzo kurudzira "yemahara."Plastic mulch inogona kubatsira kuvhuvhuta masora akaomarara, uye chekare bunker-silo chivharo chinowanzo mahara chekutora kana uchiziva murimi wemukaka munharaunda yako.Asi apo rabha inosangana nemugwagwa, sekutaura, zvisikwa, zvigadzirwa zvemiti zviri nani.Vanobatsira kuchengetedza mvura nekudzvanyirira sora, pamwe nekuvandudza chimiro chevhu uye kuwedzera mycorrhizal (beneficial fungi) nharaunda.Vanoitawo sefotereza inononoka kuburitsa.Machipisi ehuni akaora, manyowa akakura, kana uswa hwakaora hunogona kuwanikwa nemari shoma kana kusabhadharwa.Chero bedzi iwe usingashandisi-uswa-kutonga pamucheka wako, uswa hunocheka hunogona kushandiswa mukuenzanisa (iyo yakakwirira kwazvo mu nitrogen).
Kudzokorodza kwakanaka, asi chengetedza matayi kunze kwebindu.Unogona kubetsera kuderedza chiverengero chamatai akafa munyika kupfurikidza nokutenderedza matai emotokari yako nguva dzose nokuachengeta akafefetera zvakafanira, uye kupfurikidza nokuita kuti motokari yako iwirirane sezvinokarakadzwa mubhuku remirayiridzo romuridzi.Iyo NYSDEC ine rumwe ruzivo nezve marara matai pa https://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8792.html
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Zvino sezvo mamiriro ekunze adziya pakupedzisira, tinogona kuonga aizi zvishoma.Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, aizi inonatsiridza zvakanyanya zvinwiwa zvezhizha, uye mavise echando ari nani pane anodziya.Uye munzvimbo ino yenyika, aizi inotipawo mafuro emaruva emusango akasiyana.Mumativi emahombekombe erwizi kumaodzanyemba kweAdirondacks, maruva asingawanzo maruva emhando yeArctic ari kutumbuka zvino muzvimedu zvisina kusimba zvemafuro eko anokwenenzverwa zvine hungwaru gore rega rega nekutsvaira kweaizi nemvura inonyungudika.
Inozivikanwa semazaya echando, nzvimbo idzi dzekugara ishoma uye dziri kure pakati penyika.Dzinowanikwa pedyo chete nepanotangira nzizi dzinotangira munzvimbo dzine makomo;muNew York State izvi zvinosanganisira St. Regis, Sacandaga, uye Hudson Rivers.Munzvimbo idzi dzekugara, aizi inomonereka nemumahombekombe kusvika pakadzika pakati pemamita matatu kusvika mashanu muchando chega chega.Zviripachena, mazaya echando akadaro anomanikidza nharaunda yezvirimwa pamahombekombe.Mazaya echando anotorawo nguva yakareba kuti anyunguduke, zvichiita kuti mwaka udiki-diki nevhu rinotonhora zvisina kujairika kune vagari venzvimbo dzechando.
Nokuda kweizvi zvikonzero, pamwe chete neidi rokuti kunyura kwemvura kunouraya midzi yemarudzi akawanda emiti mukati meanenge mazuva gumi, miti yomunzvimbomo haigoni kukura mumafuro eaizi.Mhuka dzechivharo chepasi dzinorarama uye kubudirira ikoko dzinochinjirwa kumwaka mipfupi yakanyanyisa.Zvinoenderana neSUNY College yeEvironment Sayenzi uye Forestry's New York Natural Heritage Chirongwa, gumi nematatu zvidyarwa zvisingawanzo kuwanikwa paNew York's ice meadows, kunyangwe zvisiri zvese zvinoitika panzvimbo yega yega.
Dwarf cherry (Prunus pumila var. depressa), New England violet (Viola novae-angliae), auricled twayblade (Neottia auriculata), uye spurred gentian (Halenia deflexa) ndezvimwe zvezvinomera muenzi anonyatsoona.Ini pachangu, ndinoda kuona chimwe chinhu chinonzi many-headed sedge (Carex sychnocephala), asi chete kana ichiperekedzwa nechikwata chenyanzvi dzehondo.Kuwedzera kune izvi zvinomera zvinomera, mamwe maruva emusango senge akareba cinquefoil ( Drymocallis arguta ), bastard toadflax ( Comandra umbellata ), uye thimbleweed ( Anemone virginiana ) anowanzo wedzera kune kuwanda kwezhizha maruva muchando meadow.
Maitiro anokonzeresa kuumbwa kwemafuro echando haanyatso kunzwisiswa.Zvaigaro fungwa kuti chando chine slushy chinonzi frazil chaive nebasa rekutsvaira mahombekombe enzizi, asi kuiswa kwechando chefrazil hakuna kunyanya chisimba kana kumanikidza.Frazil inoumbwa apo mhirizhonga inopinda mumhepo inotonhora zvikuru - kazhinji pasi pe16 F (-9 C) - mumvura inenge ichitonhora.Izvi zvinoguma nemakristasi echando akaita setsvimbo anowanzo kuungana kuita masumbu asina kusimba.Padzinoyangarara pamusoro dzinoita sezvimedu zvesinou.
Chinhu chisina kujairika chefrazil kana chichienzaniswa nechando chakasimba ndechekuti inogona kuyamwa pasi peaizi inovhara rwizi rwakatambanudzwa uye "kurembera" padombo, snag kana chimwe chinhu.Izvi zvinogona kugadzira "dhamu rakarembera" mumvura pasi peaizi iyo inogona kusimudza zvakanyanya mwero wemvura mumaawa mashoma.
Mazaya eFrazil anozivikanwa kupota achiumba munzizi dzakawanda uye hova dzakakura zvakanaka muNYS, asi inongounganidza zvakakwana kushandura nzvimbo yekugara munzvimbo shoma.Chimiro cherwizi, mwero wekuchinja kwekukwirira, uye saizi uye chimiro chemvura yaro zvimwe zvinopesvedzera genesis yechando meadows.
Mugari weNorth Creek uye muongorori wehupenyu hwese Evelyn Greene apedza maawa asingaverengeki achitarisa mazaya echando, kunyanya munguva yechando.Akandikurudzira kuti kutsvaira kwemvura, simba iro mushure mezvose rine migero yakavezwa seGrand Canyon, rinonyanya kukonzera mazaya echando.Anoti dzimwe nguva aizi inosairirwa murwizi, asi izvi kashoma zvinoitika.Anotaura kuti kuva pasi pemvura inoyerera kweanopfuura mwedzi pagore kunobvisa inenge yese nitrogen inowanikwa kubva muivhu rechando.Sezvo nharaunda yezvirimwa iri imwe yakajairika kune yakaonda, ine chikafu-isina, ivhu rine acidic pakakwirira, ndingadaidza icho chisimbiso.Greene anocherekedzawo kuti ice-out mamiriro akachinja mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, aine akawanda akakosha thaws munguva yechando achiwanda.
Muenzaniso wakanaka weAdirondack Park ice meadow inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neWarren County's Hudson River Recreation Area iri paGolf Course Road, anenge 1.4 mamaira (2.25 km) kuchamhembe kweNYSDEC's Region 5 Warrensburg Suboffice.Kubva kuNzvimbo Yekuvaraidza nzvimbo yekupaka iwe unogona kukwira kuenda kunzvimbo dzechando mumaminetsi mashoma.The New York Natural Heritage Programme inonyora “kutsikwa-tsikwa nevashanyi” sekutyisidzira mazaya echando, saka ndapota gara munzira dzakatarwa, uye kana uri pamahombekombe, usatsike chero chinomera.Mamwe mazaya echando anogona kuwanikwa muSilver Lake Wilderness uye Hudson Gorge Primitive Areas muHamilton County.
Munharaunda inoratidzirwa nechando chakareba, zvinogona kuzorodza kunakidzwa nemakomo echando, kana kuti zvinenge zvabuda zvacho, mumashonga mapfupi.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Paaiva pwere, mwanakomana wangu aiva nechirevo, chingava chepakutanga kana kuti chokukwereta handizivi (chirevo chacho), icho chaitaura sekuti “Zvinhu zvose zvine mwero.Kunyanya zvine mwero."Zvinoita sekuti Amai Nature vakazvitora pamoyo, uye vakawaniswa nemvura ine mwero uye chando zvinonyunguduka muchirimo ichi.Kana asiri iye, saka pamwe yaive Creepy Sekuru Climate Change.Chero zvazvingava, mafashamo anozovapo kwave kuchirwadza kuona.
Kunyange ini ndiri chokwadi kushushikana nekushungurudzika kwevanhu avo vakabatwa nerekodhi-yakakwirira mvura, searborist handigone kubatsira asi kufunga nezve miti inotambura zvakare.
Mvura yemafashamo inokanganisa miti nenzira dzakawanda, imwe yacho ingave yekukanganisa chaiko, senge kana zvinhu zvakanyudzwa mumvura inoyerera zvichikwenya pahunde dzemiti.Kukuvara kwakadaro kuri pachena, pamwe nekusajairika uye kazhinji kusiri kwakanyanya.Chinonyanya kukuvadza miti kushomeka kweokisijeni muvhu rakazara nemvura.
Ivhu pores ndiyo inobvumira oxygen kuti isvike pamidzi yemiti.Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru midzi yemiti yakadzikama: 90% kumusoro 25 centimeters (10 inches) uye 98% kumusoro 46 cm (18 in).Ndosaka kuwedzera kuzadza kusimudza giredhi pamusoro pemudzi wemuti kunokonzeresa kushushikana, uye kazhinji kunotungamira mukuderera kwemuti kutanga 2-5 makore gare gare.Miti mishoma yemiti inogadziriswa kune yakanyanya kuderera-okisijeni mamiriro.
Vazhinji vedu takaona mafoto esemi-tropical baldcypress ichikura mumachakwi nemufaro.Baldcypress vane zvimiro zvinodaidzwa kuti pneumatophores izvo zvinovagonesa kupinza mweya kumidzi yavo kuti vasafe.Asi miti yedu haina magadzirirwo akadaro, uye haigone kubata kufema kwayo kwenguva refu.
Kukura kwekukuvadzwa kwemidzi kunokonzerwa nemafashamo kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, senge nguva yegore.Mumwaka wokusashanda, ivhu rinotonhorera, uye midzi yekufema-kufema inodzika zvakaenzana.Izvi zvinoreva kuti midzi inogona kurega oxygen kwenguva refu.Kuoma kwekukuvara kwemafashama zvakare kunoenderana nehutano hwemuti pamberi pechiitiko.
Rudzi rwevhu runoita mutsauko.Kana nzvimbo ine jecha, inodonha nekukurumidza kana mvura yadzika, kana ichienzaniswa nevhu rinorema.Jecha zvakare rinobvumira oxygen kupinda nyore nyore.Miti pavhu kana ivhu revhu ichanyanya kusimbiswa.
Hurefu hwenguva midzi iri pasi pemvura inokosha zvakare.Mazuva maviri kana matatu anogona kusakonzera kukuvadzwa kusingakodzeri, asi kana ikaenda vhiki kana kupfuura, mhando zhinji dzichakuvara zvakanyanya.Muchikamu, kushivirira kwemafashama kunoenderana nejenetiki - mamwe marudzi anogona kupona nekunyura zviri nani kupfuura mamwe.
Muzviitiko zvevhiki kana kupfuura zvemafashamo, miti yakaita semepu tsvuku (Acer rubrum) uye sirivheri mepu (A. saccharinum) inofamba zviri nani pane shuga meple (A. saccharum), semuenzaniso.River birch (Betula nigra) ichatambura zvishoma pane mapepa birch (B. papyrifera).Pin oak (Quercus palustris) inogona kubata saturated mamiriro zviri nani pane red oak (Q. rubra).Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) mumwe muti unogona kuchengeta mvura yawo.Black tupelo, inonziwo dema kana sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica) yakanaka nemavhiki mashoma emidzi yakanyoroveswa nemvura.Willows (Salix spp.), American larch (Larix laricina), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), uye yekuchamhembe catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) mimwe miti inoshivirira mafashamo.
Makwenzi anogona kumira nemvura yakakwira anosanganisira American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata), chokeberry (Aronia spp.), highbush cranberry (Vburnum trilobum), uye native shrub-dogwood marudzi (Cornus spp.).
Nekudaro, hickories (Carya spp.), mhashu nhema (Robinia pseudoacacia), linden (Tilia spp.), dema walnut (Juglans nigra), yekumabvazuva redbud (Cercis canadensis), Colorado spruce (Picea pungens), pamwe nemiti yese yemichero. , zvinogona kuzokuvadza kana wakapoteredzwa nemvura kwevhiki.
Zviratidzo zvekunetseka kwemafashama zvinosanganisira chlorotic, wilting, undersize, kana kupeta mashizha, korona shoma, yekutanga kudonha ruvara (kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe emarudzi ayo), uye bazi-tip dieback.Zvichienderana nezvose zvakurukurwa pamusoro, zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika mwaka wekutanga, kana kuti zvinogona kutora makore akati wandei kuti zviratidze.
Mushure mekunge zvinhu zvaoma zvishoma, vanhu vazhinji vakawirwa nemafashama egore rino zvinonzwisisika vachange vakabatikana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinomanikidza.Kana nguva yasvika yekufunga nezvemiti, imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukosha iyo munhu angaibatsira nayo ndeyekudzivisa kukonzeresa kumwe kukuvadza.Ichi chinhu chakakosha.Usapaka, kutyaira, kana nhanho zvinhu mukati memidzi yenzvimbo, inopeta kaviri kureba kwebazi.Mushure mekunge wanyudzwa, nzvimbo yemidzi yemuti inotapukirwa kunyange nekuita zvinhu zvishoma, izvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvinogona kuparadza chimiro chevhu uye kusanganiswa kwemuti zvakanyanya.
Unogona kuhaya ISA Certified Arborist kuti iongorore muti, uye zvakare kuti ikwanise kupinza midzi yemidzi kuburikidza nepneumatic ivhu kutsemuka, vertical mulching, kana kumwe kurapwa.Kuti uwane Certified Arborist padhuze newe, shanya https://www.treesaregood.org/findanarborist/findanarborist
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.Anga ari ISA Certified Arborist kubvira 1996, uye inhengo yeISA-Ontario, Canadian Society of Environmental Biologists, Canadian Institute of Forestry, uye Sosaiti yeAmerican Foresters.
Hazviwanzoiti kuti munhu anzwe nezvemashoko akanaka.Ndinoda kusangana negwaro remuti mutsva wemari waive wagadzirira kupararira mudunhu rose.Ichokwadi kuti yaizobereka nemari yekunze, asi taigona kuita rugare nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ndinofungidzira.
Kupinda kwemuti wemari hazvigoneke, asi dzimwe nzvimbo dzichakurumidza kuputirwa nemhomho yezvipembenene zvakarongerwa kudya nhunzi nhema, umhutu uye nhunzi dzemhembwe.Dragonflies uye damselflies, zvipembenene zvinodya muhurongwa hweOdonata, zvakatangira makore anopfuura mamiriyoni mazana matatu.Mhando mbiri dzezvipembenene zvinobatsira pakuti zvinodya zvakawanda zvakashata.Pazvipenyu zve6,000 zveOdonata pasi pano, zvinenge mazana maviri zvakaonekwa munzvimbo yedu yepasi.Ndakaudzwa kuti rombo rakanaka kana mumwe akamhara pauri, asi rombo rakanaka nderekuti dzinotyisa tumbuyu tunoruma.
Mukupera kwechirimo ini kazhinji ndinowana runhare rumwechete ndichibvunza kuti yaive NY State, Cornell, kana Federal zviremera zvakarasa madragonflies ese kuNorth Country.Dragonflies uye damselflies vane hupenyu husina kujairika hunoita kuti zviite sekunge mumwe munhu akazvisunungura mukuwanda.
Madhamu nemadhiragoni anokandira mazai mumvura chaimo kana pazvinomera pedyo nekumucheto kwehova, nzizi kana madziva.Mhuka, dzinonzi nymphs, dzakafanana nemhuka dzisina kufanana nevabereki vavo.Iwe unogona kuwana manzwiro ekuti ma choppers avo anotaridzika sei kana iwe ukatarisa iyo firimu Alien.Kana wakwidziridzwa, unokwanisa kuona shaya dzekutanga dzeshato nemadamselflies dzakavhurika kuratidza yechipiri uye mune dzimwe mhando, kunyangwe chetatu, seti yemapalp ane hinged.Ruzivo chete rwusipo ndiSigourney Weaver.
Dragonflies, nhunzi dzine simba, dzinogona kunge dzakakura zvekuti dzinogona kutaridzika seshiri pekutanga.Pakuzorora dzinoramba dzakatambanudza mapapiro adzo, uye mutsetse wadzo dziri padanda unofanana nendege dziri mumutsara munzira inotakura vanhu.Mapapiro maviri epamberi emukonikoni akareba kupfuura nondo yaro, inova imwe nzira yokuaziva nayo kubva kumadamselflies.
MaDamselflies akatetepa kupfuura madhiragoni, uye nefashoni seyechisikana, anopeta mapapiro adzo zvakanyanya pamiviri yavo pavanenge vakazorora.Uye kunyange zvazvo shato zhinji dzine mavara, vasikana vanoakunda ne“manguo” anopenya, anopenya.Damselflies dzimwe nguva anonzi darning tsono, uye kunyange mabhuku esainzi anonyora mazita akadai se "variable dancer" nemamwe mazita anotsanangura.
Mhunzi neshato dzinopedza makore ari pakati pegore nematatu dziri pasi pemvura apo dzinodya magonye akapfava enhunzi dzemhembwe nenhunzi dzebhiza dzakahwanda mumatope.Ivo zvakare vanodya pane 'skeeter larvae padyo nepamusoro, vachikura gore rega rega.Zvichienderana nemhando, dragonfly nymph inogona kureba sehupamhi hweruoko rwako.Nhunyu hadzina kubereka, asi kana dzakura dzinokambaira dzichibva mumvura, dzokochekera “nzwara dzadzo dzezvigunwe” kana kuti dzetarsal mudanda kana kuti chiteshi chezvikepe, uye dzinovhura ganda radzo nepakati pemusana wadzo.
Kupfuura chero firimu resci-fi, shato ine nyasha kana musikana anobuda kubva paganda rayo rechikara.Mushure mekuomesa mapapiro ayo matsva muzuva kwechinguva, michina yekuuraya iyi inobhururuka ichienda kunodya tupukanana, uye zvakare kusangana mune chaiyo uye yakaoma choreography.Sezvineiwo, mukonikoni uye vanhu vane damselfly havasi panjodzi, kunyangwe tichiuraya zvakawanda tichityaira tichitenderera kumaruwa muzhizha.
Zvinoorora zvakakwana kuti gonye rakakora, rine mitsetse yemonarch rinozvisonanidza rimene kuita membrane ine goridhe, rinonyunguduka kuita muto wegirinhi, uye rinobuda mavhiki maviri gare gare seshavishavi regal.Kunyange zvakadaro, madragonflies anochinja mukati memaawa mashomanana kubva pamhuka inogara mumvura ine majoko kuenda kumhepo-gulping high-performance biplane.Zvakafanana nekuva nemuskellunge kusunungura ganda rayo uye kubuda kunze sehosha.
Nekuti inokonzereswa nekupisa, iyi yakanyanyisa makeover inoitika kune yega yega dragonfly kana damselfly mhando dzese kamwechete.Vatova nemakore akawanda, vanobuda mukati mezuva rimwe chete kana maviri vezera ravo, zvichiita kuti varatidzike sokunge vabva kumhepo.Kana kuti vakaburutswa seboka mundege.Ini ndinonyatsoziva kuti hapana boka kana sangano rehurumende rinoburitsa mukonikoni.Asi kana paine akanzwa runyerekupe rwekuti miti yemari yechienzi iri kusunungurwa, ndapota ndidonhedzei chinyorwa.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Vamwe vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanoramba vachitambudzwa, kunyange kana vachikwanisa kutsvaga midzi yavo kune vekutanga vekuEurope vakasvika mukondinendi ino.Iyo isiri-yekuzvarwa dandelion haitore rukudzo rwainokodzera semutorwa ane plucky akadzora nyika nyowani, kana sevhitamini-yakazara culinary inonakidza, kana seyakasiyana-siyana mishonga yemishonga.
Papfungwa iyi yekupedzisira, dandelion inoremekedzwa zvakanyanya zvekuti yakawana zita rechiLatin rekuti Taraxicum officinale, iro rinoreva "mushonga wepamutemo wezvirwere."Pane zvakawanda zvakashumwa zvehutano zvedandelion, zvinosanganisira sechiropa chinotsigira uye nekudzikisa itsvo uye dundira matombo, pamwe nekunze semushonga wemamota eganda.Ini handinyepedzeri kuziva mashandisirwo echirimwa echirimwa akapfuura neazvino, uye ndinokurudzira zvikuru kubvunza nyanzvi yemakwenzi yakanaka, pamwe nemutarisiri wako wehutano, usati waedza kuzvirapa.
Zvakadaro, Yunivhesiti yeMaryland Medical Center yakapa peji rese rewebhu kune dandelion, ine dzakawanda dzakaongororwa nevezera dzakataurwa.Ndakanga ndambonzwa kuti dandelion yaishandiswa seadjunct chirwere cheshuga, uye U yeM Medical Center inosimbisa izvi:
"Zvidzidzo zvepakutanga zvemhuka zvinoratidza kuti dandelion inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa mazinga ehuga uye kuderedza cholesterol yakazara uye triglycerides apo ichisimudza HDL (yakanaka) cholesterol mumakonzo ane chirwere cheshuga.Vatsvagiri vanofanirwa kuona kana dandelion ichashanda muvanhu.Zvidzidzo zvishoma zvemhuka zvinoratidzawo kuti dandelion inogona kubatsira kurwisa kuzvimba. "
Hazvina kuipa kune sora.Unogona kutenga midzi yedandelion yakaomeswa uye yakachekwa muhuwandu kana capsule fomu pazvitoro zvakawanda zvezveutano, kana unogona kuiwana mahara muyadhi yako yekuseri, zvichipa kuti usashandise makemikari ehuswa.
Zita rakajairika reDandelion rinobva kuFrench "dent de lion," kana zino reshumba, zvichireva kubhururuka kwakasimba pamashizha awo.Mashizha anosiyana zvakanyanya mukutaridzika, zvakadaro, uye kunze kweyero mane, kwete yega dandelion yakafanana neleonid se inotevera.Imwe dandelion moniker iFrench zvakare: "pis en lit," kana "nyorova mubhedha," sezvo mudzi wakaomeswa une diuretic zvine simba.Zvimwe pane izvozvo gare gare.
Dandelion greens iri nani mukutanga kwechirimo isati yaitwa maruva.Kukohwa nguva yapera mumwaka kwakafanana nekunhonga lettuce nesipinashi mushure mekunge vabota-zvinodyiwa, asi kwete pazvakanakisa.Kana iwe uine mashoma madandelions akadzika midzi mubindu rako gore rapfuura, anogona kunge akagadzirira kudzura uye kudya izvozvi.Imwe nzira nyowani pamutsara wekuti "sora-ne-kudyisa."
Miti midiki inogona kubikwa uye kushandirwa musaladhi, kana kuti yakabikwa, asi ini ndinoifarira zvakanyanya kana yakachekwa uye yakabikwa.Vanofamba zvakanaka mu omelets, kusveta-fry, soup, casserole, kana chero chikafu chinonaka chechinhu ichocho.Midzi mitsva inogona kupepetwa, kuchekwa zvishoma uye kubikwa.
Mushonga chaiwo ndeye dandelion korona.Chikonzero chinoita kuti vatange kubuda maruva ndechekuti vane maruva akaumbwa akazara masumbu akaiswa pakati pemidzi yekorona, nepo mamwe maruva mazhinji achitumbuka pakukura kutsva.Mushure mekucheka mashizha, tora banga rekugadzira uye bvisa korona, iyo inogona kubikwa uye inoshandiswa nebhotela.
Midzi yedandelion yakakangwa inoita iyo yakanakisa yekutsiva kofi yandati ndamboravira, uye izvo zviri kutaura chimwe chinhu nekuti ndinoda chaizvo kofi.Geza midzi mitsva woiparadzira pachoto chehovhoni kuitira kuti vasabatane.Iwe unogona kuyedza nepamusoro marongero, asi ini ndinoagocha paanenge 250 kusvika ave crispy uye yakasviba yakasviba mukati.Chokwadi handikwanise kutaura kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei, pakati pemaawa maviri neatatu.Chero zvazvingava ndinogara ndichiagocha pandinofanira kunge ndiri mumba, uye ndinoatarisa kakawanda mushure memaawa maviri.Zvikuye uchishandisa zvokudya zvinogadzirwa kana kuti dhaka nepestle.Kuenzaniswa nekofi, iwe unoshandisa zvishoma zvishoma pamudzi wepasi pamukombe.
Chinwiwa chinonaka dandy, asi sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chinowedzera diuretic kupfuura kofi kana tii nhema.Ini handisati ndawana iri dambudziko, asi kana kufamba kwako kwemangwanani kuchiwanzobatanidza traffic snarl, sarudza chinwiwa chako chemangwanani zvinoenderana.
Handina kuedza dandelion waini, tsika yakatanga mazana emakore muEurope, uye saka handina ruzivo rwekutanga rwekutaura, asi scads yekubika inogona kuwanikwa paInternet.Shamwari dzinoverengeka uye nhengo dzemhuri dzakazviedza, neongororo dzakaipa uye dzakanaka dzakapatsanurwa.Ini handina zano kana iri yekuda kwemunhu kana hunyanzvi hwekugadzira wine iyo yakakamurwa zvakaenzana.
Tichifunga nezvese kunaka kwe dandelions, zvinoshamisa kuti inguva yakawanda sei uye kukoshesa tsika yedu inoisa mukuzvipedza.Zvinoita sezviri kuda kupengereka nevamwe vanhu, vanodiridza lawn yavo nemishonga yesora yakasarudzika.Izvi zvese zvinouya nenjodzi dzehutano, tisingatauri ma tag emitengo.
Kune avo vangangotora iyo shumba yekubatanidza kure uye havagone kurara husiku kana paine dandelions inovandira panzvimbo, ini ndichagovera chakavanzika chekuvaburitsa kunze kwenzvimbo.Kuisa mucheki wekucheka pamasendimita mana kumusoro hakungobvisi masora akawanda, zvichabatsira kudzivirira zvirwere, uye zvichaderedza zvikuru kudiwa kwefetiraiza.
Ndinoti tinorega kuedza kuuraya shumba yeNorth America chete iyo isiri mungozi yekutsakatika, uye dzidza kuikoshesa uye kuishandisa zvakanyanya.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Hapana munhu anoda kuudzwa kuti ane ruvara rwemhepo, asi miti yakawanda ino zhizha, kunyanya maple, inotarisa zvakanyanya kuipa nekuda kwekupfeka semugumisiro wemamiriro ekutanga kwemwaka.“Leaf tatter” izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura mashizha anogona kubvaruka uye kutarisika pamubhedha, kukanganiswa, dzimwe nguva aine makwapa matema kana nzvimbo.Inogona kutaridzika senge chirwere kana chipembenene chisinganzwisisike chiri kuparadza muti.
Sezvo miti yakavhurika uye mashizha madiki anotanga kuvhurika, anogona kukuvadzwa nemamiriro akati wandei akasiyana.Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa hutanda hwemashizha ichando chanonoka chinotonhora zvekuomesa mipendero yemashizha emwana, asi kwete kuuraya chinhu chose.Painozovhurika nzira yese uye yooma, pane maburi kana maburi pamitsetse paipetwa shizha.Dzimwe nguva shizha harigoni kuvhurika zvakazara, uye rinogona kuramba rakakamurwa.
Imwe nyaya ndeye patinowana zviitiko zvemhepo zvine simba apo mashizha manyoro achiri kuwedzera.Zvichienderana nesimba remhepo, kubvongodzwa kwemuviri uku kunogona kukonzera mashizha ari kurohwa zvishoma, kune akanyatsoputika.Kazhinji kukuvara uku hakuna kutsvinda kana yunifomu kana ichienzaniswa neyakakonzerwa nekukuvara kwechando.
Hapana anoda kuyeuchidzwa kuti gore rino rakatara magwaro enguva yose yekunaya kwemvura yose pamwe nemazuva akatevedzana ekunaya kwemvura.Nekuda kweizvozvo, micheto "yakanyorova" yemashizha akapwanyika yakave yakasviba.Kazhinji, mashizha haanyorwe nemvura nekuda kwewakisi yakasikwa iri pamusoro nepamusoro peshizha pamusoro pemashizha ese.Asi mipendero yakabvaruka haina chipingamupinyi chakadaro.Hunyoro hwakanyura mukati, masog tissues akafa, uye mukana wekuora fungi akatanga kuputsa nzvimbo dzakafa.Kuwedzera kutuka kukuvadza, zvipembenene zviduku zvinonzi pear thrips zvingave zvakakonzera mamwe mashizha akakuvadzwa zvakare (hazvina kunyanya kune mapeari).
Chimwe chiri kuwedzera kuganda kwemiti isingadzoreki gore rino kuwanda kwembeu.Kana ari mamaple, aya ari muchimiro che“herikoputa,” mhodzi dzine mapapiro dzinozivikanwa namanoti emiti samaras.Sezvo kupenga-kunyorova semwaka uno, 2018 yaive yakaoma kusvika kune yakatarisana nekunyanyisa.Miti yehuni inosarudza nhamba yemaruva, uye naizvozvo mbeu, ichaita mune chero ipi zvayo yechirimo munguva yezhizha rapfuura.Kana zvinhu zviri peachy, ichaisa nhamba ine mwero yemaruva buds yegore rinotevera.Kana hupenyu hwakaoma, hunoita hushoma kana kusavapo.
Zvisinei, kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kwazvo zvokuti upenyu hwomuti wacho huri pangozi, uchashandisa simba rawo rakachengetedzwa kuti ubudise maruva akawanda zvikuru.Iyi mhinduro inokatyamadza inoita senzira yekushanduka-shanduka kuchengetedza mhuka kunyangwe ikauraya muti wemubereki.Kuwanda kwembeu, zhinji dzacho dziri kushanduka shava padzinooma uye dzichigadzirira kudonha, dzinopa maple kuoneka kwakatonyanya “kwemamiriro okunze”.
Panyaya yokusvava kwemashizha, Cornell’s Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic inoti: “Kunyange zvazvo chitarisiko chinotyisa, izvi hazviwanzokuvadzi muti… kutoti zvadzokororwa makore anoverengeka achitevedzana kana kuti chimwe chinhu chakaipa chinoita kuti muti wacho ushaye simba.”
Kune chimwe chinhu chinonzi anthracnose, chisina hukama neanthrax, uye haina kushata sezvainonzwika.Inokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzefungal pathogens, anthracnose yakaipisisa mumakore ekunyorova, uye inokanganisa miti yakawanda inodonha nemakwenzi, kazhinji iyo yatove isina simba.Anthracnose inokonzera kufa kana necrotic nzvimbo dzakasungwa netsinga huru, uye kazhinji inotungamira kudonha kwemashizha ekutanga.Ingo simudza uye uparadze mashizha, iyo ndiyo nzira iyo chirwere chinopera.
Zvikasadaro, zorora kana iwe uchifunga kuti une muti unorwara zvakanyanya.Iri kungova negore rakaipa-complexion.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Katsi mbiri dzepanzvimbo yangu dzakatsungirira matambudziko anotyisidzira hupenyu akadai sekudonha, kurwa, uye "kuzvipira" kwekumanikidza kwevana vadiki.Zvinoshamisa njodzi dzavanogona kurarama.Zvinosuruvarisa, vandinosangana navo mumunda wezvechiremba vanoramba vachitaura kuti katsi dzine hupenyu humwe chete, uye kuti hupenyu hupfumbamwe hwese ingori ngano yekatsi.
Nekudaro, iyo nyaya yekuti makate ane hupenyu hupfumbamwe haisi shinda.Chimiro chinosungirwa chevhu, iyo yakajairwa cattail (Typha latifolia) inowanikwa kuAmericas pamwe neEurope, Africa uye yakawanda yeAsia-chaizvoizvo nyika minus Australia, zvese Pacific Islands uye mazhinji Polar matunhu.Inogona kuwanikwa ichikura pamahombekombe emvura uye mumvura inosvika masendimita makumi matatu kudzika, kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa kusvika kuYukon Territory yeCanada.
Zita rayo rinobva mumusoro wemhodzi yebrown inobereka, iyo yakafanana nembwa yechibage kupfuura muswe wehadzi.Asi kudzivirira kubuda kwepasi rose kwekuseka kusingapere, izvo zvinogona kuderedza hupfumi hwenyika kwemaminetsi mashoma, World Bank yakamanikidza nyanzvi dzezvemiti kuti dzipe chirimwa cattail pachinzvimbo chekuti imbwa yechibage.
Yakapiwa zita kana kuti kwete, cattail inoshamisa zvechokwadi yechisikigo.Semunhu anofarira kudya kanopfuura katatu pazuva, zvine musoro kuti ndakatanga kujairana nemakatsi kuburikidza nekushandisa kwavo kwekubika.Miti midiki, dzimwe nguva inonzi Cossack asparagus, inonaka yakabikwa kana yakabikwa, asi sarudza kuibika kana usina chokwadi chekuchena kwemvura.
Midzi yakakora kana kuti tuber-like midzi inoita 80% macarbohydrates uye pakati pe3% ne8% protein, inova chimiro chiri nani pane zvimwe zvirimwa zvinorimwa.Rhizomes inogona kubikwa, kubikwa, kana kuomeswa uye kukuyiwa kuita hupfu.
Mubhuku rake rinonzi Stalking the Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons anotsanangura maitiro ekugadzirisa midzi nemvura kuti abvise starch, yandinofanira kutaura inoshanda zvakanaka.Iyo starch, yakanyorova kana yakapfava, inowedzerwa kuhupfu kuwedzera kukosha kwekudya kwekudya semabhisikiti nemapancake.
Chandinonyanya kufarira maruva spikes, ari maviri-tiye nyaya ane murume kana staminate pollen-inobereka spikes pamusoro, uye hobvu hadzi kana pistillate misoro pazasi.Ruva rechirume rinosvava rinosvava mushure mekunge radurura mukume, asi mhuka dzechikadzi dzinokura kuita imbwa dzechibage - ndinoreva miswe yekatsi - tese tinozviziva.Maspike ese ari maviri anodyiwa, asi anofanirwa kuunganidzwa sezvaanobuda mumashefu awo emapepa.Fashaidza mudye nebhota sezvamunoita chibage chiri pamuguri.Vanonaka sehuku.Nhambe.Dzakafanana nechibage.
Mukudonha iwe unogona kuunganidza miswe uye kupisa kubva pafluff kuti ukohwe inodyiwa, ine mafuta mhodzi.(Kureurura: nekuda kweLaziness Syndrome yangu isina kuongororwa handisati ndaedza izvi.)
Kwemakore, mwanasikana wangu neni sally (kwete zita rake chairo) pakati pekupera kwaJune uye tinounganidza inopenya yero cattail pollen.Ingotsveta bhegi repurasitiki pamusoro pemusoro weruva, zunza kashoma uye wapedza.Eka yemakatata inogona kubereka matani anopfuura matatu emukume, uye pa6-7% mapuroteni, hupfu huzhinji hunovaka muviri.Tsiva cattail pollen kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvina cheupfu mune chero resipi.Unogona kushandisa zvakawanda, asi edza pamwero diki usati wapa kune vamwe (zano kubva kuvana vangu).
Zvakanaka, saka ndizvo, hupenyu hushanu?Euell Gibbons akadana cattail iyo supermarket yemachakwi, uye akange asiri kuita zvekutamba.Iwe unogona kuwana zviuru zvezvinyorwa uye mapepa ekutsvagisa pamusoro pekushandiswa kwekatsi.Nehunyanzvi izvo zvinogona kusatisvitsa kuhupenyu hupfumbamwe parizvino, saka ngatitaure mamwe mazita.
Mukati memarudzi ose ecattail, Marudzi kwezviuru zvemakore akaruka mashizha ecatails nemashanga emaruva muuswa hwedenga remba, mapeti ekurara, madhadha anonyengedza, ngowani, zvidhori nezvimwe zvokutambisa zvevamwe vana, kungodudza bedzi mashandisirwo mashomanene.Mashizha matsva nemidzi zvaidzvurwa ndokushandiswa semushonga wemamota.Cattail fluff yakashandiswa semachira emucheka, moccasin insulation uye maronda ekupfeka.
Nhasi, machakwi ematehwe anogadzirwa nemainjiniya ekurapa mvura yakasviba, uye mhizha dzinogadzira pepa kubva pamashizha emakatsi.Vana vachiri kunakidzwa nekutamba nemashizha, uye kunyanya miswe yekatsi dzakura.Heano kune hupenyu hwakawanda hwekatsi.
Zvimwe vamwe vanopesvedzera vezvenhau vanogona kutungamira mushandirapamwe wekudaidza chirimwa ichi chinoshamisa muswe wechibage.Nyika inogona kushandisa kuseka kwakanaka izvozvi.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Paunofunga nezvazvo, miti yemiti ine hupenyu husina kunaka Yakadzika munzvimbo imwe zuva nezuva, gore negore, inotambura kubva - zvakanaka, kufinhikana, ndinofungidzira.Vangangoda kurwisana nekudiridza kunobatsira nembwa dzenharaunda, zvinhu-kuedzwa nevana vane simba, kana nyaya dzakadai semidzi inodzivirirwa, kusanaya kwemvura, kukwikwidza kubva pauswa hweturf, kuratidzwa kwekupisa kubva mumugwagwa uye zvivakwa, kugadzira munyu muvhu - rudzi urwu. wechinhu.
Nekudaro, mumakore achangopfuura kwave nedenda rezviyero zvekudengenyeka kwenyika izvo zvinotyisidzira kugara zvakanaka kwemiti yedu yatinoda mimvuri: makomo anoputika.Ndizvozvo, mumakore gumi kusvika makumi maviri apfuura takava nekuputika kwemulch-volcanoes.Zvinoita sezvinoputika pazasi pemiti yemiti, kunyanya midiki, uye mhedzisiro yacho haina kunaka.
Nyanzvi dzeGeologist uye botanist vanga vachishanda nesimba vachiedza kuzvidavirira nezvechiitiko ichi.Kutozosvikira mushonga wawanikwa, kunyange zvakadaro, veruzhinji vanokurudzirwa kutarisa makomo anoputika ane utsinye munharaunda yavo.Ndokumbira utarise kuputika kwakamwe kamwe kwezvakawanda zvakatenderedza pasi pemiti.Makomo anoputika emulch anogona kumera husiku, kunyanya pane zvekutengesa uye zvemasangano.
Banking mulch yakatenderedza hunde yemuti inogona kuve neyakakomba hutano hunokanganisa.Kumuti, kungove wakajeka.Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti zvipembenene ihuku.Kufanana nevanoparadza neInternet troll, vanotya kuita basa ravo rakasviba kana vachifunga kuti chero munhu anogona kuvaona.Aiwa, vanoufarira kusviba uye kunyorova, kungofanana nemhepo iri pasi pemurwi wemulch, kana sematroll, mukamuri yepasi yaAmai.Vanochera huni uye zvipembenene zvinoda mulch volcano nokuti inovapa mukana wekusununguka pahunde yemuti.
Ndiani asingadi rodent yakanaka?OK, vamwe vedu pamwe havadaro.Miti haifaririwo makonzo.Mice, meadow voles uye pine voles zvese zvinonakidzwa nekuravira kwemuti wemuti.Dambudziko nderekuti kudya bark kunovatora nguva yakareba, panguva iyo vanogona kuve panjodzi yezvikara.Asi pasi pegomo rinoputika, masvusvu ekuzorora aripo.
Midzi yemiti inoda oxygen.Izvi zvingaita sezviri pachena - hongu vanoita, uye vanowana oxygen kuburikidza nematsinga avo, handiti?Zvakanaka, kwete.Miti ine vascular system uye inogadzirawo oxygen kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, asi inoshaya chakafanana nehemoglobin yekutakura okisijeni kunzvimbo dzadzo dzese.Zvinoitika kuti midzi inowana oxygen yayo kuburikidza nepamusoro pevhu.Chinhu chipi nechipi chinotadzisa kupinda pamusoro chinodzima midzi.Uye miti haisi nani pakubata kufema kupfuura isu.
Rimwe dambudziko kugadzirisa.Kusvika pamwero mukuru, miti iri "kuzvigadzirisa."Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanochinja uye vanopindura kune shanduko munharaunda yavo.Asi makomo anoputika mulch chipanera mumushini.
Kana hunde dzemiti dzichivigwa negomo rinoputika, iro rinomisa okisijeni kumidzi yaro yechisikigo, miti inotanga kugadzira midzi (adventitious) midzi kubhadhara.Fine rootlets ichamera kubva pahunde mukupindura kuputirwa nemapuranga ehuni.Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva gomo remulch richaputsika nokuserera, uye somuuyo, midzi minyoro iyoyo ichaoma ndokufa, izvo zvinosimbisa muti wacho.
Pakupedzisira, pane nyaya yemvura.Miti yakasimwa ingada imwe mvura kwemakore akawanda.Mutemo igore rimwe rekuwedzera kudiridza kune imwe neimwe inch ye trunk diameter.Makomo anoputika anoita sedenga rakapfirirwa, achidurura mvura zvinobudirira.Kune muti wakakura usiri dambudziko rakakura, asi muti mudiki unogona kunge uine zvese kana midzi yawo yese pasi pegomo remulch, (kwete) yakanaka uye yakaoma.
Kuchengeta mainji maviri kusvika mana emulch akatenderedza muti - zvakapetwa kaviri kureba kwebazi rawo kwakanakira - kunobatsira, chero mulch ASINGAbata hunde.Ndokumbira ubatsire kubvisa makomo anoputika emulch muhupenyu hwako!Hauchatombopisa tsoka yako.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Nguva nenguva ndinonzwa zvichemo pamusoro pemasayendisiti anonzi ari kutambisa mari dzevateresi.Mienzaniso yezvinonzi tsvakiridzo inopambadza inosanganisira kuti nhata dzechando dzinoita sei bonde, uye nei tambo ichisungirirwa nyore nyore.MuUK, timu yese yesainzi yakaedza kutsvaga kuti sei chibage chechibage chichinyungudika mumukaka.Imwe tsvakiridzo ine mari yakawanda yakaratidza kuti ndiro dzinozununguka kana dzakakandwa mhiri kwekafeteria, uye kuti humwe humhutu hunoda hwema hweLimburger chizi.Kutendeseka, nharo inoenda, zvakakwana kurwarisa munhu.
Pamberi pazvo, iyi mienzaniso chaiyoiyo youpenyu inonzwika kuva inosekesa, uye naizvozvo ndokwomuzvarirwo kuti vamwe vanhu vangaita nehasha kumishumo yakadaro.Asi zvinhu kazhinji hazvisi sezvazvinoonekwa pakutanga.Kana tikatarisisa zvakanyanya, rudzi urwu rwesainzi rwunozvitsigira.
Snow fleas kana springtails akanaka madiki arthropods muhurongwa hweCollembola.Kushanda gore rose, zvinonyanya kuonekwa zviri nyore pamusoro pechando pazuva rakapfava rechando.Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu havasati vabvumirana kuti tingaisa sei nhata dzesinou mumapoka, asi kudzidza nezvezvisikwa zvidukuduku kwakatipa nzira yokuvandudza nokusimwa kwenhengo.Ntata dzechando dzinogadzira puroteni ine glycine yakasarudzika inoita kuti aizi isaumbike mukati memasero adzo kunyangwe mukutonhora kwakanyanya.Mitezo yekudyara inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba kana puroteni iyi ichibvumira kuti ichengetwe patembiricha iri pasi pechando pasina kukuvara.
Tambo-senge mamorekuru akadai seDNA anovhiringika, dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti sero riverenge zvisizvo nekuridzokorora.Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda, kusanganisira gomarara.Mamwe masero akachinja makemikari anosunungura "tambo" idzi dzakarasika.Vatsvagiri, avo vakatanga nekudzidza tambo chaiyo uye tambo snarls, vava kugadzira anticancer marapiro anoenderana nemakemikari anobvisa.
Ongororo yemuna 2006 inoratidza kuti mosquito yemalaria-vector yaive nen'anga yeLimburger yakatanga kusekwa.Asi munguva pfupi iri kutevera, ruzivo urwu rwakatungamirira kumisungo yeumhutu yakavandudzwa kuiswa mune mamwe mativi eAfrica, ayo akabetsera mukurwisa marariya.
Nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuAmerica Richard Feynman akagovera mubairo weNobel wefizikisi muna 1965 nekuda kwemasoso anobhururuka.Akataura kuti kuona ndiro dzekudya dzichikandwa pane imwe nzvimbo yekudyira yeyunivhesiti kwakamuita kuti ade kuziva nezvemaitiro avaiita.Sezvazvinoitika, izvi zvine chekuita nekutenderera uye kuzunguzika kwemaerekitironi, uye zvakabatsira kufambisira mberi ndima ye quantum electrodynamics, kunyangwe nenzira dzandisingakwanise kutanga kunzwisisa.
Sekuziva kwangu, masayendisiti eBritish achiedza kuvhura zvakavanzika zvemushy cereal haana kuita chero chinonakidza kuwanikwa, zvisinei.Asi vakanga vakasiyana.Vaipihwa mari yega nemugadziri wezviyo ane mukurumbira.
Ndinofunga kuti pfungwa iripo ndeyokuti hatina nzira yokufanozivisa nayo kana chidzidzo chiri chiduku kana kuti chinokosha.Tichitarisa kubva munhoroondo, panogona kunge pasina chinhu chakadai sechinyorwa chidiki.
Saka nguva inotevera patinonzwa nezve tsvakiridzo padzidziso yepoker, kana kuti shiri dzinokwanisa sei kuziva kuti ndeupi muimbi ane mukurumbira akagadzira mufananidzo wakapihwa (chiitiko chaicho, nenzira), kana masvomhu kuseri kweketeni rinoputika, tinofanira kuvharidzira kuseka kwedu.Upenyu hunonatsiridzwa kana kuponeswa nerudzi urwu rwesainzi “inosekesa” hungava hwedu pachedu, kana kuti hwomudiwa.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Hazviwanzoiti kuti munhu anzwe nezvemashoko akanaka.Ndinoda kuverenga bulletin pamuti wemari unoparadza waipararira mudunhu.Ichokwadi kuti yaizobereka nemari yekunze, asi taigona kuita rugare nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ndinofungidzira.
Kupinda kwemuti wemari hazvigoneke, asi dzimwe nzvimbo dzichakurumidza kuputirwa nemhomho yezvipembenene zvakarongerwa kudya nhunzi nhema, umhutu uye nhunzi dzemhembwe.Dragonflies uye damselflies, zvipembenene zvinodya muhurongwa hweOdonata, zvakatangira makore anopfuura mamiriyoni mazana matatu.Mhando mbiri dzezvipembenene zvinobatsira pakuti dzinodya nhunzi nhema dzakawanda, nhunzi dzemhembwe, mosquito uye zvimwe zvakashata.Pazvipenyu zve6,000 zveOdonata pasi pano, zvinenge mazana maviri zvakaonekwa munzvimbo yedu yepasi.Ndakaudzwa kuti rombo rakanaka kana mumwe akamhara pauri, asi rombo rakanaka nderekuti vanodzinga tumbuyu tunoruma.
Mukupera kwechirimo ini kazhinji ndinowana runhare rumwechete ndichibvunza kuti yaive NY State, Cornell, kana Federal zviremera zvakarasa madragonflies ese kuNorth Country.Dragonflies uye damselflies vane hupenyu husina kujairika hunoita kuti zviite sekunge mumwe munhu akazvisunungura mukuwanda.
Madhamu nemadhiragoni anokandira mazai mumvura chaimo kana pazvinomera pedyo nekumucheto kwehova, nzizi kana madziva.Mhuka, dzinonzi nymphs, dzakafanana nemhuka dzisina kufanana nevabereki vavo.Iwe unogona kuwana manzwiro ekuti ma choppers avo anotaridzika sei kana iwe ukatarisa iyo firimu Alien.Kana wakwidziridzwa, unokwanisa kuona shaya dzekutanga dzeshato nemadamselflies dzakavhurika kuratidza yechipiri uye mune dzimwe mhando, kunyangwe chetatu, seti yemapalp ane hinged.Ruzivo chete rwusipo ndiSigourney Weaver.
Dragonflies, nhunzi dzine simba, dzinogona kunge dzakakura zvekuti dzinogona kutaridzika seshiri pekutanga.Pakuzorora dzinoramba dzakatambanudza mapapiro adzo, uye mutsetse wadzo dziri padanda unofanana nendege dziri mumutsara munzira inotakura vanhu.Mapapiro maviri epamberi emukonikoni akareba kupfuura nondo yaro, inova imwe nzira yokuaziva nayo kubva kumadamselflies.
MaDamselflies akatetepa kupfuura madhiragoni, uye nefashoni seyechisikana, anopeta mapapiro adzo zvakanyanya pamiviri yavo pavanenge vakazorora.Uye kunyange zvazvo shato zhinji dzine mavara, vasikana vanoakunda ne“manguo” anopenya, anopenya.Damselflies dzimwe nguva anonzi darning tsono, uye kunyange mabhuku esainzi anonyora mazita akadai se "variable dancer" nemamwe mazita anotsanangura.
Mhunzi neshato dzinopedza makore ari pakati pegore nematatu dziri pasi pemvura apo dzinodya magonye akapfava enhunzi dzemhembwe nenhunzi dzebhiza dzakahwanda mumatope.Ivo zvakare vanodya pane 'skeeter larvae padyo nepamusoro, vachikura gore rega rega.Zvichienderana nemhando, dragonfly nymph inogona kureba sehupamhi hweruoko rwako.Nhunyu hadzina kubereka, asi kana dzakura dzinokambaira dzichibva mumvura, dzokochekera “nzwara dzadzo dzezvigunwe” kana kuti dzetarsal mudanda kana kuti chiteshi chezvikepe, uye dzinovhura ganda radzo nepakati pemusana wadzo.
Kupfuura chero firimu resci-fi, shato ine nyasha kana musikana anobuda kubva paganda rayo rechikara.Mushure mekuomesa mapapiro ayo matsva muzuva kwechinguva, michina yekuuraya iyi inobhururuka ichienda kunodya tupukanana, uye zvakare kusangana mune chaiyo uye yakaoma choreography.Sezvineiwo, mukonikoni uye vanhu vane damselfly havasi panjodzi, kunyangwe tichiuraya zvakawanda tichityaira tichitenderera kumaruwa muzhizha.
Zvinoorora zvakakwana kuti gonye rakakora, rine mitsetse yemonarch rinozvisonanidza rimene kuita membrane ine goridhe, rinonyunguduka kuita muto wegirinhi, uye rinobuda mavhiki maviri gare gare seshavishavi regal.Kunyange zvakadaro, madragonflies anochinja mukati memaawa mashomanana kubva pamhuka inogara mumvura ine majoko kuenda kumhepo-gulping high-performance biplane.Zvakafanana nekuva nemuskellunge kusunungura ganda rayo uye kubuda kunze sehosha.
Nekuti inokonzereswa nekupisa, iyi yakanyanyisa makeover inoitika kune yega yega dragonfly kana damselfly mhando dzese kamwechete.Vatova nemakore akawanda, vanobuda mukati mezuva rimwe chete kana maviri vezera ravo, zvichiita kuti varatidzike sokunge vabva kumhepo.Kana kuti vakaburutswa seboka mundege.Ini ndinonyatsoziva kuti hapana boka kana sangano rehurumende rinoburitsa mukonikoni.Asi kana paine akanzwa runyerekupe rwekuti miti yemari yechienzi iri kusunungurwa, ndapota ndidonhedzei chinyorwa.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Pashure penguva refu yechando yakadaro, tose tinoonga kuti chitubu chakazobuda, kunyange zvazvo mutengo wemamiriro okunze anodziya uchiita sokunge uri kuuya kwezvipembenene zvinoruma.Mhomho dzeumhutu dzinogona kupedza kunakidzwa kubva manheru padheki, asi imwe dema-gumbo kana deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) inogona kutora kupenya kubva muzhizha rose kana ikakutapukira iwe nechirwere cheLyme uye / kana chimwe chirwere chakakomba.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura makore gumi apfuura kuchamhembe kweNY State zvaive zvisina kujairika kuwana imwe mhembwe ikwekwe wega mushure mezuva refu kunze.Iye zvino zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kuisa tsoka mubhurashi kuti utore seti yese pamakumbo ako ebhurugwa.Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti zvikwekwe zvemhembwe hazvina kumbobvira zvavepo munhoroondo, kunyangwe muhuwandu hwakaderera, asi dzakasimuka kubva kuMid-Atlantic nyika mumakumi mashoma apfuura.Zviri pachena kuti imhuka dzinoparadza kuchamhembe kweNYS.
Chikwekwe chitsva pabhuroko, zvisinei, hapana mubvunzo kuti imhuka inoparadza.Inobva kuKorea, Japan, kumabvazuva kweChina, uye dzinoverengeka dzePacific Island nyika, inozivikanwa seAsia gwenzi kana mombe tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis).Inonziwo Asian longhorned tick, izvo zviri kuvhiringa nekuti isu tatova nebete rekuAsia rine nyanga refu.Uyezve, chikwekwe chegwenzi hachina marefu maappendages emhando ipi zvayo.
Muchokwadi ipfupi pane chero inosiyanisa maficha.Sokunyora kwakaita Jody Gangloff-Kaufman weNY's IPM Chirongwa, “Makwekwe ane nyanga marefu anonetsa kuziva, kunyanya mudiki.Vakuru vane shava zvayo asi vanotaridzika zvakafanana nezvikwekwe zvebhurawuni.NYSPIM inotaurawo kuti tick-ID masevhisi anogona kuwanikwa pa: http://www.neregionalvectorcenter.com/ticks
Zvine hukama nedeer tick yedu yatinoda, chikwekwe chemusango chekuAsia chakawanikwa kekutanga musango kuNorth America muna 2017 kuNew Jersey, uko kwainzi gwai rinopfuyiwa rainge rakazadzwa neinopfuura chiuru.Kubva ipapo yakapararira kune dzimwe nyika sere, kusanganisira NY.Kukwanisa kwavo kubereka kwakanyanya ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinotyisa zvezvipenyu.Vese maparthenogenic (asexual) vakadzi, zvichireva kuti vanoburitsa 1,000 - 2,000 mazai ega pasina kunetsekana kwekubatana.
Columbia News yakataura muenzaniso wakanaka wekufemerwa kwechikwekwe muna Zvita apfuura: Pakasimbiswa chikwekwe chekuAsia paStaten Island muna 2017, ongororo dzakawana kuwanda kwavo mumapaki eruzhinji kwaive makumi masere neshanu paskweya mita.Muna 2018, mapaki akafanana aive ne1,529 pamativi emamita.
Chimwe chinonetsa ndechekuti i vector yezvirwere zvevanhu nemhuka.Mumusha mayo, chikwekwe chemusango chinozivikanwa kutapurira huwandu hwezvirwere zvinosanganisira Lyme, fivha inotapukira, Erlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Powassan virus, utachiona hwechikwekwe encephalitis virus, uye fever yakanyanya ine thrombocytopenia syndrome, yakafanana neEbola.Zvinotyisa sezvizvi, vaongorori havasati vawana zvikwekwe zvine hutachiona kuNorth America.
Vanamazvikokota havabvumirani pamusoro pekugona kwechikwekwe chemusango kuparadzira zvirwere.Dr. John Aucott, avo vanotungamira Lyme Disease Research Center paJohns Hopkins University Medical Center, vati hatifanire kuwedzera kuti nekuti chikwekwe chemusango chinotakura zvirwere zvakakomba mumusha mayo, vanhu vari pano vari panjodzi yezvirwere zvakafanana.Zvakadaro, mutevedzeri wemukuru weCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Dr. Ben Beard, akataurwa padandemutande reCDC sezvinotevera: “Kukanganisa kuzere kwechikwekwe ichi pautano hweveruzhinji hakuzivikanwi. .Mune mamwe matunhu epasi, chikwekwe chine nyanga refu chekuAsia chinogona kutapurira marudzi mazhinji eutachiona hunowanikwa muUnited States.Tiri kutyira kuti chikwekwe ichi, chinogona kukonzera kupararira kwemhuka, pavanhu, uye munzvimbo dzakatipoteredza, chiri kupararira muUnited States.”
Parizvino chikwekwe chemusango chinongotenderwa kuDownstate NY, asi inonzi inotonhora-yakaoma uye ichave yakananga kwatiri.Kunyangwe zvikwekwe zvichingofamba mamita mashoma muhupenyu, zvinorova shiri dzinotama.Ongororo pamusoro pekuwedzera kwedeer tick range yakatungamirirwa naKatie M. Clow weYunivhesiti yeGuelph muOntario yakagumisa kuti vari kuenda kuchamhembe pamwero weavhareji yemakiromita 46 (28.5 mamaira) pagore, vachibatsirwa neshiri.
Izvi hazvireve kuti tinoda kuvhunduka, asi inzwa wakasununguka kuzviita kana uchida.Kunzvenga chikwekwe ichi kunoitwa nenzira imwe chete yatinonzvenga nayo zvikwekwe zvemhembwe.Sezvo zvikwekwe “zvichitsvaga” pamatipi ehuswa hurefu kana bhurasho, zvakamirira kupenya pachinhu chinotevera chinenge chapfuura, vafambi vanofanira kunamatira kunzira dzine makwara, uye usambofa wakatevera nzira dzemhembwe.Shandisa zvigadzirwa zvine 20-30% DEET paganda rakashama.Zvipfeko, shangu uye giya sematende zvinogona kurapwa ne 0.5% permetrin.Bata mhuka dzinovaraidza nguva nenguva nesystemic anti-tick product uye/kana tick collar kuitira kuti dzisaunze zvikwekwe zvemhembwe mumba.Taura nachiremba wako nezvekuita kuti zvipfuwo zvako zvibayerwe kurwisa Lyme (zvinosuruvarisa kuti hapana mushonga wevanhu panguva ino).
Tarisa zvikwekwe manheru ega ega wapedza kugeza.Zvikwekwe zvakaita senzvimbo dzakaoma-kuona senge maarmpits, groin, scalp, sock hems, uye kumashure kwemabvi, saka tarisa zvakanyanya munzvimbo idzi.Kana iwe ukaona chikwekwe chabatirira pauri, kubvisa nekukasira kwakakosha.Iyo CDC inokurudzira kuti uibate padhuze neganda sezvinobvira nema tweezers uye uchidhonza wakananga kumusoro kusvika yaburitsa.Iwe unogona kudhonza nesimba kana yave ichidyisa kwechinguva.Zvikwekwe zvemuromo zvinowanzosara muganda mushure mekubviswa kwekwekwe;iri harisi dambudziko.Usashandise mishonga yemumba kuti utore chikwekwe kuti usunungure, sezvo ichichikurudzira kuti idzokere mauri, ichiwedzera zvakanyanya mukana wekuti ungarwara.
Varidzi vedzimba vanogona kuzvibatsira.Webhusaiti yeCDC inoti: “Kuchengeta chinhambwe chemamita mapfumbamwe pakati pelawn nenzvimbo ine matanda kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekusangana nezvikwekwe.Permethrin-yakagadziriswa zvipfeko uye DEET, picaridin, kana IR3535 inogona kushandiswa sezvidziviriro zvemunhu.Tevedza mirairo yese yezita.Bvunza chiremba wako wemhuka kuti akurudzire mamiriro ako nemhuka."
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Tichifunga kuti Nyika yeKumaodzanyemba yave neimwe nzira chena kana shava kubva pakati paMbudzi kusvika svondo rekutanga muna Kubvumbi, ndezvemuzvarirwo kuti isu tine nzara yekuona zvishoma yegirinhi kuratidzwa munzvimbo.Saka zvakanyanya kusaruramisira kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzine yakawandisa yeimwe mumvuri wegirinhi.Emerald kuve chaiyo.
Mushure mekuita caterwauling kwemakore akati kuti denga raizodonha, ini pakupedzisira ndave ndakarevererwa.Iyi ndiyo imwe nyaya yandisingafarire kutaura chokwadi, zvakadaro.Mamiriro ezvinhu akawira pasi ndeekuti emerald ash borer (EAB), kapembenene kekuAsia kakaita bara kanotamba pendi yegirinhi ine simbi inoyevedza yemhangura, yasvika muhuwandu.
Mukati memwedzi miviri yapfuura, vagari vemo vanozvipira vakawana dzakawanda itsva EAB infestations pamwe neSeaway kubva kumaodzanyemba kweSt. Lawrence County pedyo nemuganhu weJefferson County kumabvazuva kweFranklin County.Nzvimbo yeMassena ine huwandu hunorema uye hwakapararira hweEAB.Panguva ino, emerald ash borer yakangowanikwa mukati memamaira mashoma eSeaway.
Kutanga kuwanikwa pedyo neDetroit muna 2002, EAB yakakurumidza kupararira munzvimbo dzese dzeUpper Midwest neGreat Lakes muUS, uye mhiri kwekumaodzanyemba kweOntario muCanada.Sezviri pachena ivo vakauya vakasununguka mumabhokisi eakachipa eChina auto zvikamu, senge isingadiwe Crackerjack mubairo.Zvipembenene zvakura hazvikuvadzi zvishoma, asi vana vadzo (makorva) vanodya cambium, nyama mhenyu iri pakati pegwati remukati nehuni, yemiti yemadota, inosunga bhanhire nekudaro ichiiuraya.Sezvo EAB ichiuraya chete madota echokwadi, gomo regomo rakachengeteka.
Denga rinogona kunge risiri kudonha chaiko, asi munguva pfupi, miti yakawanda yemadota ichadonha kuNyika.Imwe yematambudziko makuru neinfestation ndeyekuti kana EAB inouraya madota, huni inorasikirwa nesimba nekukurumidza kupfuura kana muti wakaurayiwa nechimwe chikonzero.Mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri kusvika kugumi nemisere, muti wakaurawa neEAB unodzikiswa kashanu mukuveura simba.Miti yakadaro inodzurwa pasina mhepo kana kumwe kudenhwa, zvichipa ngozi yakawanda kupfuura yatakajaira.
Mhando nhatu dzese dzemadota ekuzvarwa - machena, girini uye dema - ari panjodzi yeEAB zvakaenzana.Zvinosuruvarisa, ticharasikirwa nemiti yedu yese yemadota.Chikamu chidiki chemadota chinoita senge chine mwero wekupokana neEAB, ichitora nguva refu kufa, asi hapana anodzivirirwa.Aya "dota rinogara" anofarira vaongorori vezvidzidzo zvemajini.Zvikasadaro, madota chete anozorarama ndeaya anochengetedzwa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene.
Kune vagari mukati memakiromita gumi nemashanu kubva kuSeaway vanoda kuchengetedza miti yemadota, nguva yekuita ikozvino.Usati wafunga kurapa miti yako, zvakakosha kuti uve neA Certified Arborist aiongorore.Mimwe miti ichava nematambudziko akavanzika anogona kudzikamisa hupenyu hwavo, uye anofanirwa kubviswa.Madota anonzwika chete, ane hutano anofanirwa kurapwa, uye nzira yakanakisa yekuona kuti ndiko kushanyirwa neA Certified Arborist.Tsvaga imwe padyo newe pa isa-arbor.com
Mishonga inoshanda zvakanyanya inongoiswa kune vane marezenisi ekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene.Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakanaka kwemakore akati wandei;vanobaiwa muhunde kana kumwaya pahunde yepasi.Mushonga wezvipembenene unowanikwa kune varidzi vemba ndeye imidacloprid ivhu drench, iyo inofanira kushandiswa muchirimo.Kana muti wacho uri pedyo nemvura, kunyange zvakadaro, kana kuti kana musha uri patsime, iyi nzira inofanira kudziviswa.Unogona kutsvaga anonyorera ane rezinesi nedunhu pa dec.ny.gov/nyspad/find?
Yakaumbwa muna 2016, iyo St. Lawrence County EAB Task Force iboka rekuzvipira rinosanganisira masango, arborists, vakuru vakuru pa County, Town uye Village level, vadzidzisi, vashandi vehurumende, uye vagari vane hanya.Kana uchida mumiriri kubva kuEAB Task Force kuti ataure boka rako, kirabhu kana mubatanidzwa, ndapota taura naJohn Tenbusch pa [email protected]
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve emerald ash borer, ona emeraldashborer.info kana kubata hofisi yako yeCornell Cooperative Extension.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Panenge makumi mana nemaviri muzana mapuroteni, ane hutano hwakanyanya, uye munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi anoonekwa sechirapa.Munharaunda medu mune zvishanu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonaka zve lawn grubs, izvo chaizvoizvo vana vezvipembenene.Makonye machena akaita seC anogona kunge ari madiki ebete rekuJapan, European chafer, rose chafer, Oriental beetle, kana Asiatic garden beetle.Handisati ndambodya magrubs, asi ndinoudzwa kuti akanakisa kana abikwa, kuti muto unopisa unobatsira, asi kuti nguva yakakosha.
Kana kuuraya, pane kudya, lawn grubs ndicho chinangwa chako, nguva ndeye zvese.Sarudzo inowanzova chinhu chakanaka, asi mhando yega yega yegrub killer pasherufu ine yakasarudzika inoshanda.Dzimwe dzinoda kuiswa pamberi pepakati paMay, nepo dzimwe dzinoshanda chete kana dzapararira muna June naChikunguru.Kushandisa grub-control chigadzirwa panguva isiriyo kutambisa mari uye kushanda nesimba, uye zvichienderana nekemikari inoshandiswa, inogona kuisa vana, mhuka dzinovaraidza uye mhuka dzesango panjodzi.
Ndisati ndasunungura dambudziko iri, ndinoda kutaura zvishoma nezvemashizha euswa (rudzi rwusiri rweWhitman), ari mapanera ezuva anogadzira chikafu kubva kuzuva.Yakanaka kwazvo kufunga nezvazvo nenzira iyoyo.Kana iyo solar panel idiki nekuti tinoramba tichiiveura kusvika pakupera, chirimwa chose chinofa nenzara uye hachikwanisi kugadzira midzi yakasimba, kurwisa zvirwere, kana kukwikwidza nemasora.Uswa hwakadzika midzi, husina kudzika midzi hunova panjodzi huru yekukuvadzwa negrub.
Ini ndinoshamisika kana kupindwa muropa kwedu nekuvhara kucheka kunobva kune ogling lush golf greens.Zvinoenderana negolfcourseindustry.com, muna 2015 yaidhura $4.25–$6.00 paskweya tsoka kuzadzisa zviyero zveUSGA zvemamiriro evhu kuvaka green.Ndidzo nzungu - mari yekuchengeta pagore inomhanya mumakumi ezviuru pagirinhi.Makosi egorofu anogona kupfupika nekuti huswa huri pakudya kwakadzikama kwemari.
Uswa hwedu haungataridzike sehwavo, asi kana tikabvumira uswa hwakakura zvakakwana “mapanera ezuva,” anotaridzika zviri nani, ane zvirwere zvishoma, anoda fetereza shoma, anodhura zvishoma, uye anosaita grub-proof.Ndinoziva kuti izvi zvakawanda kuvimbisa, asi isa mower yako kusvika masendimita mana kumusoro, uye ipe gore.Mimwe miitiro yakaita semashizha anopinza uye kusiya zvimedu palawn zvichabatsira zvakare.Oo, uye zviri nyore pane lime.Uswa hwakawanda hunosimuka nevhu pH yakakwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzokororwa lime application.
Kudzokera kunyaya yedu inonaka.Kudzora magrubs kunoshanda zvakanyanya kana ari madiki, pakati pekupedzisira Nyamavhuvhu.Azere-saizi magrubs anosimuka padyo nepamusoro muchirimo kuti adye zvishoma, uye anobva akura.Muchirimo-akaiswa "24-awa" marapirwo anotangira pa20% kusvika 55% anoshanda pane aya magurub, maererano neMichigan State Extension.Zvinonzi "24-awa" zvigadzirwa zvine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kutorwa kuchengetedza mhuka dzinovaraidza nevana kubva kunzvimbo dzakarapwa.
"Zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvine imidacloprid, thiamethoxam kana clothianidin zvicharamba zvichideredza 75-100 muzana yemafuta kana ikaiswa munaJune kana Chikunguru uye inodiridzwa ne 0.5-1 inch yekudiridza pakarepo mushure mekushandisa," kutaura kubva pawebsite yeMichigan State.Aya neonicotinoids ane muchetura zvishoma kune zvinoyamwisa, asi anogona kukuvadza mapollinator, saka usabate nzvimbo dziri pedyo nezvinomera maruva.Iwindo rekushandisa kwavari ndiJune kusvika Chikunguru.
Pasinei nezita rayo refu, chlorantraniliprole inoonekwa seisina chepfu kumhuka nenyuchi.Kubata ndeyekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kushanda, saka zvigadzirwa zvine chinhu ichi chinoshanda zvinofanirwa kuiswa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, uye pasati papera kupera kwaJune.
Milky-spore chirwere chinoshamisa, kunze kwekuti iwe uri grub.Nehurombo, vaongorori vanotenda ivhu rekuchamhembe kweNYS harina kudziya zvakakwana kwenguva yakakwana kuti iyi nontoxic biocontrol ishande.Nekudaro, ma nematodes anobatsira, ayo ari tupukanana tupenyu evhu anorwisa marudzi mazhinji emagrub, anoshanda chaizvo.Uyezve dzakachengeteka uye hadzinangi zvimwe zvipenyu.Beneficial nematodes haina kusimba, uye inofanira kuiswa pakarepo kana yasvika.Vanogona kuodha online, kana kubvunza panzvimbo yako yebindu yenzvimbo.
Kunze kwezvigadzirwa zve chlorantraniliprole, kushandisa makemikari egrub muchirimo kusashandisa mari kwakashata.Chinhu chakanakisa kuita kudzoreredza makwapa asina chinhu izvozvi, uye kuchekerera kumusoro kuitira kuti uswa huite midzi yakasimba.Kana kuti iwe unogona kusanganisa imwe batter, pisa yakadzika fryer uye ugochera imwe kudya kwemanheru kubva patsangadzi.Usakanganwa muto unopisa.
KUTAURWA KWEMUTUNGAMIRIRI: Kuedza kwese kwakaitwa kupa kurudziro yemishonga yezvipembenene, yakakwana uye yemazuva ano.Zvakadaro, shanduko mumirau yemishonga yezvipembenene inowanzoitika uye kukanganisa kwevanhu kuchiri kuitika.Kurudziro idzi hadzisi kutsiva kunyorwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.Ndokumbira uverenge chitupa usati washandisa chero mushonga wezvipembenene uye tevera makwara chaiwo.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Vanenge vese vanyori venhoroondo vanobvumirana naMarie Antoinette pamwe haana kumbobvira agadzira mutsara wekuti "Regai vadye keke," chirevo chatove mutsika dzakakurumbira nguva yake isati yasvika.Chirevo ichi chakanzi kwaari nevashori kusimudzira mukurumbira wake semutongi ane hasha uye anozvikudza.Angadai akaita seane moyo wakanaka kudai akati "Ngavadye hunde dzemiti."
Kubva kumisha iri kure kusvika kumaresitorendi emudhorobha ane nyeredzi shanu, vanhu pasi rose vanodya marudzi ese ezvidyo zvinonaka zvine huni dzakamboshandiswa.Kunyangwe izvo zvisiri izvo zvinowanzoonekwa pamenyu.Howa dzakadai se inky cap, oyster neshiitake dzine havi yehuni, chinhu chinodyiwa netupukanana tushoma nekuti hachina kugayiwa.Chero ani zvake akaedza kudya pamatanda anogona kupupurira izvozvo.
Huni inogadzirwa zvakanyanya ne cellulose pamwe nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwe lignin.Komisheni iyi yekupedzisira ndeye cellulose izvo simbi inosimbisa tsvimbo kune kongiri.Pane zvishoma zvayo asi zvinopa simba guru uye kusimba.Kunyange mabhakitiriya enyanzvi anodya huni ari muura hwemujuru haakwanisi kugaya lignin.Chete chega chega chefungi chine simba guru iroro.
Kune mapoka matatu makuru ehuni-hunoora: nyoro-inoora, brown-rot uye white-rot.Mukutaura kwesainzi macoteries aya haana hukama hwepedyo kunyangwe aine zita rekupedzisira.Sezviri pachena kune fungi, "kuora" kwakafanana ne "Smith" yedu mune izvozvo.
Soft-rot fungi inowanzoitika, ichikonzera kuora kwegadheni mumasiteki ematomatisi uye mapango efenzi.Vemapuranga, zvishoma.Brown rot haina kuwanda.Pane imwe nguva kana zvimwe wakamboona basa rayo remaoko.Iyi fungus inoguma neyakavharika pateni, ichishandura huni kuita diki, zvidhinha zvebrown.Nepo kuora kwebrown kuchida hunyoro kuita basa rayo rakasviba, kune dzimwe nguva kunonzi kuonda kwakaoma nekuti kunokurumidza kuoma uye kunowanzoonekwa mune iyo mamiriro.Zvose zvakapfava uye brown-rot fungi zvinodya cellulose chete, zvichidya zvakatenderedza lignin semwana anonzvenga bhinzi yeLima inovandira pakati pechikafu chinonaka chiri mundiro yavo.
White-rot fungi, kune rumwe rutivi, inhengo ye-clean-plate club, inochera zvikamu zvose zvehuni.Ichi chikamu chefungi chinogona kukonzera kuora kwakakomba mumiti yakaoma, kunyange zvazvo mhando shomanana dzinorwisa conifers.Vemasango vanozvivenga, asi vanodya vanochida.Iro boka rinotipa Armillaria mellea, utachiona hunotyisa uye hunoparadza hunogadzira huchi hunonaka.
Shiitake uye oyster howa iwhite-rot fungi, kunyangwe ari saprophytes, akafanana neanodya semagora eTurkey, kwete utachiona hwakafanana nemhuka.Saka hatifaniri kunzwa tine mhosva pamusoro pokuadya.Munharaunda, kurima kweshiitake kwawedzera mumakore gumi apfuura.Iyo sosi yekuwedzera mari yevarimi uye sosi yekunakidzwa uye yakanaka chikafu kune chero munhu anoda kuiedza.
Shiitake inosarudza oak, beech, maple uye ironwood, yakawanda kana zvishoma muhurongwa ihwohwo.Kurima shiitake, mabhaudhi (matanda) anogadzirwa neimwe yeaya matanda akaomarara anodiwa.Mabhaudhi anowanzo kuita mamita mana kureba uye anotangira pamasendimita matatu kusvika masere pakureba.Matanda akadaro achabereka howa kwerinenge gore rimwe padiameter inch.Makomba anotevedzana anoboorwa mumatanda, uye aya anozadzwa ne“mhodzi” dzehowa dzinonzi spawn.
Kubva munaGunyana 2015, NY State yakaziva "howa dzakakura dzakakura mumatanda" sechirimwa chakakodzera-uye chakakosha-chirimwa.Izvi zvinoita kuti varimi vataridze ivhu ravanoshandisa kurima howa sekurima, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kubhadhariswa mutero.Kutenda kuna Senator Patty Ritchie nekubatsira izvi kuti zviitike.Zvakadaro, mutemo wa2015 hauenderani kune howa hunocherwa musango.
Cornell University yanga ichishanda mukusimudzira kurimwa kwehowa sesosi yemari yevagari vekumaruwa.Muchidzidzo chemakore matatu chakapetwa muna 2012, Cornell pamwe nemasangano avanoshandira vakaona kuti varimi vaigona kuita purofiti mumakore maviri chete.Vakaona kuti purazi reshiitake rine mazana mashanu-log rinogona kuwana $9,000 pagore.
Steve Gabriel, nyanzvi munyaya dzekurima howa kuCornell, anoti kupfuya howa hwakamera mumatanda kunochengetedza uye kunochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, pamusoro pekuita mari.Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo rwakanyanya pawebhusaiti Muzvinafundo Gabriel anotungamira: www.cornellmushrooms.org
Sezvineiwo, Cornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County iri kuita zvakare musangano wezveshiitake wedunhu gore rino paExtension Learning Farm muCanton.Vatori vechikamu vanogona kusarudza kubva kune rimwe remazuva maviri: Mugovera Kubvumbi 6, kana Mugovera Kubvumbi 13, 2019 kubva 9:00 AM kusvika 1:00 PM.
Mumwe nemumwe anenge atora chikamu achaenda kumba nekwavo shiitake mushroom mushure mekugadzira nekuipinza.Logi icharamba ichibereka howa kwemakore matatu kusvika mana.Kunyoresa kuri online kuburikidza neCCE webhusaiti: www.st.lawrence.cornell.edu.Unogonawo kufonera hofisi pa (315) 379-9192.Saizi yekirasi ishoma, saka nyoresa nekukurumidza.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Sezvo mazuva achirebesa uye tembiricha dzichikwira, zvakajairika kuwana zvipembenene zvishoma zvichitenderera mumba, zvichitsvaga nzira yekubuda kunze.Red-and-black boxelder bugs, orange Asian lady-beetles, uye grey, inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma kumadokero kwembeu yeconiferi vangori vashoma vevatsoropodzi vangangotsvaga pekugara, yakachengetedzwa, isina rendi mukudonha uye vokanganwa kwainobuda. vauya chirimo.Sezvineiwo, izvi hazvikuvadzi uye hazvina ruzivo, uye hazviberekere mumba kana kuisa njodzi dzehutano.
Mamiriro okunze anodziya anogonawo kuunza masvosve ekuveza kubva muhuni.Izvi zviratidzo zvokuti munhu anoda muvezi, kana kuti sezvingabvira zvikuru muvezi, nemhaka yokuti majuru muvezi anoda matanda akanyorova, akakuvadzwa kuti atange kugadzira dendere.Kunyange zvazvo zvisingakuvadzi zvivakwa sezvinoita mujuru, hapana anodzida pasi petsoka.Sezvineiwo zvimwe zvipembenene zvisingafadzi zviri kushanda gore rose, semuenzaniso mapete netsikidzi.Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwavo, zvipembenene zvemumba zvinogona kutiita kuti tikambaire madziro munguva pfupi.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kukudza dambudziko usati waita.Ndekwomuzvarirwo kuda miuyo yapakarepo, asi kukundikana kukuru kweinonzi “hondo pazvinodhaka” kunofanira kushanda kutinyevera kuti kungorova nesando pazviratidzo kunotisiya taneta nokutyoka, uye kunosiya chinetso chakafanana kana kuti chakaipisisa kupfuura kare."Kuvhunduka uye kutya" maitiro achagara asina simba kunze kwekunge tashandura nharaunda yakakonzera mamiriro ezvinhu.Zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvinonyanya kufarirwa zvekudzivirira zvipembenene, semuenzaniso mafoggers emumba (TRFs) kana "bug bomb," akaonekwa seasina kukosha, nepo nzira dzakazvininipisa senge chirauro dzakanangwa dzichishanda zvakanyanya.
Kurongeka kwekutanga kwebhizinesi kuona chipembenene.Macentipedes, millipedes, cluster flyes, uye baba-longlegs vakafanana vasingadiwe vepamba, asi zvinoda kudzora kwakasiyana.Hofisi yako yemunharaunda yeCornell Cooperative Extension inogona kukubatsira kuona chipukanana kana ukavatumira email mafoto mashoma akajeka.Danho rinotevera nderekubvunza munhu wacho kuti arikuitei mumba mako.Chikamu cheiyo ID maitiro kudzidza kuti chinhu ichi chinoitei kuti urarame, nei chiri munzvimbo yako, uye kuti chakasvika sei ikoko.
Boxelder tsikidzi, semuenzaniso, dzinogara pamaple sap, uye overwinter sevakuru pasi pemuti wemuti kana, zvinosuruvarisa, vinyl kana huni siding.Muchirimo hapana chavanoda kunze kwekusiya nzvimbo yako kuti vagotsvaga boxelder kana mamwe marudzi emapure ekuti vabatane vokandira mazai.Hapana huwandu hwemushonga wezvipembenene wepamba uchapa hutongi kune izvi sezvavanodonha kubva munzvimbo dzavakahwanda mukati memavhiki mashoma.Mishonga yezvipembenene ichepfu yetsinga, uye kunyange zvidiki zvakabatanidzwa mukuwedzera ADHD, kuora mwoyo, uye kumwe kusagadzikana kwemafungiro.Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinofanirwa kushandiswa chete kana zvine musoro kuita kudaro.
Mhinduro yeboxelder bugs, Asian lady-beetles, nhunzi dzemasumbu uye mamwe mabhugi ekutsvaga pekugara haina kupenya kana chepfu, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho kazhinji inodzingwa.Kuisa mari mune yakanaka caulk, magaba mashoma ekupfapfaidza insulation, uye pamwe imwe skrini nyowani inogona kurapa kwakawanda kwakadai kwemakore panguva.Uyezve, dzimba zhinji dzichapora izvo zvinodhura chando chekutanga mukuchengetedza mafuta.
Millipedes, masvosve ekuveza uye tsikidzi dzinopinda mudzimba dzichitevera mwando.Vachadzoka kakawanda kunze kwekunge nyaya dzemvura dzagadziriswa.Kurapa masvosve ekuveza nemushonga wezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana kunogona kupa kugutsikana kwekuona boka remajuru akafa zuva rinotevera, asi fekitari yemasvosve (kureva mambokadzi) inorasa vana kwemwaka wose, ichida kushandiswa kakawanda.Chiredzo chisina chepfu uye chine tsvina chakachipa chakagadzirwa kubva muboric acid hupfu uye shuga-mvura inotsvaira mambokadzi, asi zvinotora mavhiki mashoma.Tinofanira kusarudza pakati pekuvhundutsa-uye-kuvhunduka kusingabatsiri, uye kushanda kwakanyarara.
Muchinyorwa chakaburitswa muna Ndira 28, 2019 mujenari BMC Public Health, vaongorori veNorth Carolina State University vakawana kuti huwandu hwemapete eGerman mudzimba makumi matatu haana kuchinja mushure memwedzi wekudzokorora "kubhomba" nemafogger akazara.Asi mwero wezvisaririra zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba idzodzo wakawedzera avhareji yenguva 603 dzekutanga.Mudzimba umo mabheti egel aishandiswa, zvisinei, huwandu hwemapete hwakadonha ne90%, uye zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene munzvimbo yekugara zvakadonha.Munyori anotungamira Zachary C. DeVries anoti “Njodzi dzakakura dzekufumurwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene dzine chekuita neTRF dzakasanganiswa nekusashanda kwadzo mukudzora kurwisa kwemapete eGerman kunopa mubvunzo kushanda kwayo mumusika.
Kuputira kana kubhomba zvipembenene zvese zvatinoona mukati memba zvinogona kuve nekukwezva kwekatsi, asi ibasa rine njodzi uye rinodhura iro risingagadzirise zviri kutikanganisa.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kudzora tumbuyu zvine musoro, shanyira webhusaiti yeNYS Integrated Pest Management pa https://nysipm.cornell.edu/whats-bugging-you/ kana kubata hofisi yako yeCornell Cooperative Extension.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Pint-saizi mhuka dzinovaraidza dzaive dzinoshanda, pane imwe nguva.Muvhimi anoshandisa mhumhi kuburitsa mhuka anounza kumba bhekoni shoma pane uyo akashandisa terrier yekutevera masevhisi.Sezvingabvira, imbwa diki dzekuvhima dzinosangana neguruva-mops ndidzo dzakapa Shih Tzus uye dzimwe foofy mini-imbwa, izvo zvinosuruvarisa kuti hazvisisiri kudiwa zvakanyanya iye zvino maRoombas anogona kuita basa rimwe chete nemutengo wakaderera.Makore akati kumashure kwaiva ne “teacup mini-pig” inopenga, asi takairasa payakazova tuvana twehangare twaizokurumidza kubuda makapu etii, migomo, nebhavhu.Ikozvino zvinoita sekunge iyo doe-eyed imogee supply iri kutapurwa paimbwa dze teacup, dzisingadi chimwe chinhu kunze kwemudziviriri wehomwe sekennel, magiramu mashoma echikafu pagore, pamwe neyechipiri remba yekuvhara mari yevet.
Kunyangwe kushorwa kwepasirese, mafuta-akapfuma anonyepedzera-machinda uye vamwe vapfupi pachinangwa chehupenyu vachiri kutyaira kudiwa kweimbwa diki sezvishandiso zvefashoni.Sekutaura kwakaita Wendy Higgins, EU Communications Director kuHumane Society International achiti, “Hazvisi zvechisikigo kuti imbwa dzive diki kudaro, saka dzinowanzotambura nemapfupa asina kusimba uye kunyange kutadza kushanda kwenhengo.Kana uine hanya nembwa zvachose, chinhu chakanyanya kuipisisa chaungaita kutenga chimbwanana che teacup.”Asi kana kufarira kune ever-tinier mhuka dzinovaraidza kuchienderera mberi, ndinoziva imwe inogona kuseta muganho wakaderera.Famba pamusoro, teacup dzinovaraidza - mvura-mapere, anozivikanwawo se moss piglets, akafanana neteapuni mhuka dzinovaraidza.
Idzi mhuka diki, dzinoyera chete 0.3 kusvika 0.9 mm (kana mumashoko asiri-metric, dzakaipa-diki kusvika kudiki dzinopenga) dzakareba, dzinowanzodaidzwa nezita radzo rePhylum Tardigrade, zvichireva kuti inononoka stepper.Nekuti vadiki hazvireve kuti vapfupi pahunhu nerunako.Zviso zvavo zvinoonekera, zviso zvakakora, miviri yakaoma uye maitiro akaomarara anoita kuti mapere emvura aite senge kugadzirwa kwema1960s psychedelic counterculture (zvinyorwa zvakaratidza kuti vaizove kumba kuAlice muWonderland) kupfuura boka rakasiyana, repasi rose remhuka dziri pedyo-dzisingaparare. .
Mapere emvura ane mapeya mana emakumbo akaomarara, rimwe nerimwe richipera mumakumbo mana kusvika masere.Miviri yavo inogona kujeka, chena, tsvuku, orenji, yero, yegirini, yepepuru, kana nhema.Inosanganisira zvinopfuura chiuru nemazana emarudzi, Tardigrades inodya moss, lichen, algae, uye dzimwe nguva, imwe neimwe.Kazhinji yenguva, kana chinhu chipenyu chichinzi chinoparadzirwa “munyika yose,” ndiko kupfupikiswa kwokuti “zvakafara.”Hazvina kudaro nevatsoropodzi ava.Kuwedzera pakuva “rimwe bheya,” anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika-dzika dzemunyanza, mumakomo anopisa kwazvo anoputika, mugwenga rakaoma zvikuru uye nomumaaizi nemazaya echando.
Moss piglets / mabheya emvura akazara-akatenderedza akaoma, pamwe zvakanyanya kupfuura chero humwe hupenyu.Nyanzvi zhinji dzezvipenyu dzakataura kuti Tardigrades inogona kupona kumwe kutsakatika kwakawanda senge kwenhoroondo kwakakonzerwa nekukanganisa kukuru kwemeteor.Asi kuti ive yechokwadi extremophile, chisikwa chinofanirwa kuita zvirinani mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kupfuura avhareji.Nepo mapere emvura achigona kurarama chero chinhu, anonyatsoda zvimwe zvakafanana zvezvinhu zvinoitwa nevanhu vazhinji: mweya wakakwana, mvura, chikafu, uye mamiriro ekunze.
"Kana kufamba kunenge kwaoma, vakaoma vanoenda," izvo ndaigara ndichifunga kuti zvaireva kune imwe nzvimbo yakanyarara.Upenyu pahunoomera bere remvura, rinoumba kriptobiotic state inozivikanwa se tun, inoburitsa inenge mvura yese kubva mumasero ayo uye kutsiva imwe yayo neshuga inonzi trehalose.Iyo zvakare inogadzira yakakosha kukuvadza-kudzvanya mapuroteni kudzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa kweDNA.Ko nguruve dzemoss dzakasimba zvakadii mudunhu rino?Tuns.
Nepo anenge ma radhi 500 eX-rays aizouraya munhu, maradhi 570 000 haana kuita seanokonzera kufa kana kutokuvadzwa kweDNA kuzvinhu izvi.Tardigrades yakaratidzwa kurarama kwemakore 20-30 mune yavo cryptobiotic fomu, asi mushure memaminitsi mashomanana emvura, yakaramba ichishanda zvakanaka.Ndichabheja kuti vamwe vanototora shinda yehurukuro yavo yekupedzisira.
Zvinoenderana neshumo muSmithsonian, vanoshivirira kutonhora kusvika -200C (-328F), padyo neabsolute zero.Uye handina chokwadi chekuti munhu angabika sei mapere emvura, nekuti anogarawo kuburikidza ne149C (300F), inova hovhoni inopisa kwazvo.Tardigrades inokwanisa kumira kanodarika ka1,200 kwemhepo yemuchadenga, pamwe nekushaikwa kwenzvimbo kwakazara - muna 2007, mamwe akatorwa munzvimbo yakaderera-Earth orbit pachitundumuseremusere cheFoton-M3 kwemazuva gumi.
Nzira dzekriptobiotic dzemabheya emvura dzakabvumira vanachiremba kugadzira anonzi majekiseni akaoma anobva pane trehalose panzvimbo yemvura.Izvi hazvisi pasi pekuparara, rubatsiro kune vanhu vari munzvimbo dzine firiji shoma.
Pamusoro peiyo kona yehutsinye hwemhuka, imwe dhizaini kune teacup imbwa muridzi inofanira kunge iri kuravira kwetii, ndingafungidzira.Sezvineiwo, tardigrades inozvarwa yakadzidziswa mapepa.Nguva imwe neimwe bere remvura parinokura zvishoma, rinotofanira kubvisa ganda raro kana kuti molt, muitiro unogona kudzokororwa ka12 kana kupfuura sezvainokura.Masters ehunyanzvi, vanomirira kusvika vada kunyunguduka vasati vaita pooping, uye vosiya mitsara yemapellet madiki akamisikidzwa mukati meganda rekare.Izvi zvaizoita kuti zvive nyore kuti varidzi vazvo vatore kana vachiendesa mari yavo kupaki yebere remvura, kana chinhu chakadaro chikaitika.Upenyu hwehupenyu hunosiyana nemhando kubva kumwedzi mishoma kusvika kumakore mashoma, tisingaverenge nguva inopedzwa mumifananidzo yakamiswa.
Mabheya emvura anogona kuunganidzwa kubva kunenge chero substrate, kunyanya yakanyorova senge moss, chero nguva yegore, uye inoonekwa neruoko-lens kana yakaderera-simba dissecting scope.Nekuti mapere emvura ari madiki kwazvo kuti ashande semacufflinks, aya masikirwo madiki anotsoropodza anogona kusagutsa avo vanotsvaga zvipenyu zvefashoni.Ndokumbirawo mubatsire kusimudzira muridzi wezvipfuyo zvine hunhu — dzivisa teacup pets, uye tora tardigrade!
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Body-surfing monster-mafungu muAustralia;kukwira sinou pamatenga edzimba muAlaska uchishandisa mabhodhi akagadziridzwa;kuita mirwi nemaune mujinga mezvikomo zvine materu—mutambo usingatarisirwi uyo vechiduku vanogona kupinda mauri unodonhedza shaya.Hazvirevi kuti kuromba uye kutamba bhiza kune ngozi, pamwe nemitambo isina hunhu yakaita senhabvu yenhabvu mudziva.Kutaura chokwadi, imhuka dzakadaro.
Nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzakagara dzichifunga kuti nei mhuka dzakawanda kwazvo dzakashanduka-shanduka kuti dzitambe, dzimwe nguva dzichiva pangozi.Uye kusvika kumwero wakati, vachiri kushamisika.Kutamba kwevadiki mumaprimates akadai sevanhu nematsoko kunonyatso nyorwa, uye zvimwe zvikara zvakaita sembwa nekatsi zvinotambawo zvakajeka, asi zvinozoitika kuti mhuka dzakawanda dzinokatyamadza dzinoita mitambo isina maturo.
Kunyorera sciencenews.org muna Kukadzi 2015, Sarah Zielinski anotaura tsvakiridzo inonakidza yezvinokambaira kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTennessee muKnoxville yakaburitswa mwedzi iwoyo.Vatsvakurudzi Vladimir Dinets naGordon Burghardt vanotsanangura kutamba kwemhuka sechinhu chero chipi zvacho chinongoerekana chaitwa chine kuwedzeredza (kazhinji kunodzokororwa) kufamba, kwakatangwa nemhuka dzine hutano munzvimbo isina kushungurudzika.Vanotsanangura nhapwa yeNile yakapfava-ganda turtle iyo "yaizodonhedza" basketball kumashure nekudzoka kuyambuka dziva munzvimbo yakavharirwa.
Vatsvagiri sezviri pachena vakacherekedza makurwe emusango achisevha pasi Pasi, uye ona kuti nhapwa dzinoda kupusa nematoyi epurasitiki pane zvese pasi nemvura.Zvokuti nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzava kupa nguva nenguva 'magator nemakarwe avo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvokuzvivaraidza nazvo.Chese chinobvisa pfungwa dzegarwe pakuruma vashanyi ingangove pfungwa yakanaka, zvakadaro.Zielinski anotaurawo nezvenyanzvi yezvipenyu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeLethbridge, Alberta, akaona maoctopus achipfira mvura kwemaawa akawanda pazvinhu zvinoyangarara kuti azvitenderedze pedyo neaarium yavo.
Uye kududzira mutori wenhau weBBC Jason Goldman mune yake Ndira 2013 BBC chirevo, "Gulls vanongoda kunakidzwa."Anotaura nezve chidzidzo chakaitwa kuburikidza neKoreji yaWilliam naMary muWilliamsburg, VA iyo yakanyora pwere dzechidiki dzichitamba "drop-catch" nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya pamazuva emhepo apo mutambo wakadaro wakanga wakaoma zvikuru.
Makunguwo mutambo wenguva yakanaka zvakare.Goldman anosimbisa basa rakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeVermont nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu, dzinoti “zvakajairika” kuona makunguo muAlaska neNorthwest Territory yeCanada achingotsvedza pamatenga edzimba, akabata matavi mumisoro yawo semapuranga echando.Kutora mashoko evatsvakurudzi, "Hatione basa riri pachena rekushandisa pa[raven] maitiro ekutsvedza."
Asi kutamba kunofanirwa kuve nechinangwa chekushanduka-shanduka, kana mhuka dzaisazozviita.Zvinoita sezviri kuitika, asi kwete nenzira yataimbofungidzira.Kune asingagumi echisikigo zvinyorwa pamhepo anoratidza zvikara zvinotamba-kuvhima, izvo zvinonzi zvakavaita vavhimi vari nani, kana kutamba-kurwa, izvo zvataifunga kuti zvakavandudza hunyanzvi hwavo hwekurwa.Mbudzi nemhara dzakasvetuka-svetuka kuti dzivandudze nzira dzadzo dzokutiza, takamboti.Nechimwe chikonzero izvi zvese zvaive pachena zvekuti hapana ainetsekana nekutsvaga chaiko kwemakumi emakore.
Muchinyorwa chake chakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye chinosetsa chaMay 2011 muScientific American, nyanzvi yezveupenyu Lynda Sharpe anonyora nezve nzou dzakatorwa mifananidzo dzichitsvedza, nguva nenguva, pasi pechikomo chine huswa ichienda kune vezera radzo kuzasi, uye anobvunza: iripi tsananguro yekushanduka-shanduka kweizvozvo?Akapedza makore mashanu achinzvera meerkats, mhuka inogara murenje, muKalahari.Basa rake rakaona kuti mabhora madiki aya ainyanya kurwa haana kuita varwi vari nani, kana kukwezva shamwari nekukurumidza.Saizvozvo, meerkat cooperative play haina kuderedza hutsinye kana kuvandudza hukama hwevanhu.“Saka iwewe.Makore mashanu pasina mhinduro.Handikwanise kukuudza kuti sei meerkats ichitamba,” anonyora kudaro.
Anotaura zvakare kuti kutsvagisa kwenguva refu kwakaratidza kuti coyote kutamba-kuvhima hakufembere kubudirira kwekuvhima chaiko, uye zvakafanana kumatsi epamba.Asi, anopedzisa achiti, "Kutamba KUNOBATSIRA!"Vanhu vanowedzera-kutamba vanoita vabereki vari nani, vachirera vadiki pamararamiro.Uye kutamba kunodiwa pakudzidza.Makonzo, ayo anonzi ndeimwe yemhando dzinonyanya kutamba, anodzidza nekukurumidza kana achibvumidzwa kushamwaridzana uye kutamba sezvakajairika.Kana gonzo rapihwa nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nemhando dzese dzekukurudzira pfungwa, asi richinyimwa kutamba neimwe yerudzi rwaro, uropi hwaro hunotadza kukura.
Muongorori Max Kerney, achinyora muNewsweek muna Chikumi 2017, anoti “Ongororo yetsindi, mabhiza emusango nemapere mashava zvakasimbisa kuti nguva inopedzwa nemhuka dzichitamba vachiri vadiki inoita senge ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakurarama kwavo kwenguva refu uye kubudirira pakuzvara. .Kuti kutamba kunoita sei izvi hazvisi pachena. ”Asi kutamba kunodarika izvozvo.Kutamba kwakawanda kunoreva pfungwa huru.
Chikwata chaKerney chakawana “ukama hwepedyo pakati pemari yairidzwa nemhuka uye ukuru hwegadziriro yadzo yecortico-cerebellar,” iyo inobatanidzwa mukudzidza.Anotaurawo zvidzidzo zvekare izvo "zvakawana hukama pakati pe [primate] play nehukuru hwe ... neocortex, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus uye striatum."Voilà: basa rese uye hapana kutamba kunoita Jack benzi.
Izvi zvese zvinorevei kuvana vedu, idzo primates diki dzatinokoshesa kudaro?Pane chirevo chandinoda, kunyangwe ndisingawane munyori waro, chinoenda (zvishoma kana zvishoma) "Kunzwisisa roketi sainzi kwakafanana nekutamba kwevana kana uchienzaniswa nekunzwisisa kutamba kwevana."Mutambo wevana unokosha zvikuru pakukura kwakakodzera zvokuti The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child inorava (muChikamu 31) “Vana vane kodzero yokuzorora nokutamba, uye kubatanidzwa mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yetsika, unyanzvi uye mimwe mitambo yokuzvivaraidza. ”Sezvineiwo, nyika dzese pasirese kunze kweSomalia neUnited States dzakatambira gungano iri.
Mune Psychology Nhasi blog post yaChikunguru 07, 2011, Marc Bekoff, purofesa akasiya evolutionary biology paUniversity yeColorado, anoti “Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuti vana vade kutamba.Vana vanofanirwa kubvumidzwa kusviba uye kudzidza kuisa njodzi…Sekupokana kunoita nyanzvi yezvepfungwa William Crain, tinofanira kurega vana vadzorere hudiki hwavo.
Ndinobvuma nemoyo wese.Tinofanira kurega vana vakasununguka-kutamba zvakanyanya kunze kwenyika chaiyo, muzvisikwa.Pamwe kwete kusefa nekarwe kana snowboarding nemakunguo pamusoro pedenga remba, asi chimwe chinhu chiri mumitsetse iyoyo.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kazhinji, ndinoda miti, kunyangwe iyo yandinofanira kuyemura kubva kure, semuti werudo, aka the cacao, Theobroma cacao, panobva chokoreti.Haisi chete chokoreti yakabatana nerudo, kunyanya paZuva raValentine, inogona kutibatsira kuti tinzwe rudo-njiva nekuda kwemamwe emakemikari anogadzirwa nemuti.
Native kuCentral America, iyo cacao muti inokura inenge inenge inenge makumi maviri madhigirii latitude kumativi ose equator-nemamwe mazwi, apo vazhinji vedu tinoshuva kuti dai tiri pakati paFebruary.Mbeu dzecocoo dzakakuyiwa ndokuitwa chinwiwa chinozivikanwa nezita reNative America (zvichida Nahuatl), chokoreti, zvichida kwemakore anosvika 4 000.
Cocao muti mudiki, unosvika 15-20 feet kureba, une mhodzi yemhodzi inoyera pakati pe 6 ne 12 inches kureba.Yakaputirwa kumativi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana e cacao bhinzi mune yega yega inotapira gooey pulp, iyo kare yaidyiwa zvakare.Mushure mekukohwa, cacao bhinzi dzinopinda nenzira yekuvirisa dzisati dzaomeswa dzobva dzagayiwa kuita hupfu.
Vasati vasangana vekuEurope, chokoreti chaive chinwiwa chine furo, chinovava chaigarosanganiswa nechipisi nehupfu hwechibage.MaMaya nemaAztec akainwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemishonga yayo-zvimwe pane izvo gare gare.Mukupera kwema1500, mumwe muJesuit wokuSpain akanga amboenda kuMexico akarondedzera chokoreti se“Inosemesa kune vasina kujairana nayo, ine tsvina kana kuti furo risingafadzi zvikuru [kuravidza].”Zvinonzwisisika, saka, kuti pakutanga yakanonoka kusimuka muEurope.
Chokoreti yakave yakakurumbira, zvakadaro, mushure mehunyanzvi hutsva hwakadai sekuwedzera shuga uye kusiya hupfu.Chimwe chikonzero chekukwira kwayo kwemeteoric mukudiwa ndeyekuti vanhu vakaiona ine zvinofadza.Imwe yeiyi yakafanana neyetii kana kofi.Iko hakuna caffeine yakawanda muchokoreti, asi ine inenge 400 inozivikanwa zvinoriumba, uye mazhinji emakomponi aya ari kumusoro.
Mukuru pakati pavo ndeye theobromine, iyo isina bromine-enda nhamba.Ikemikari yehama kune caffeine, uye zita rayo rinofungidzirwa rinobva muchiGiriki che "zvokudya zvavamwari."Kunyangwe dai vanhu vaiziva kuti zvinonyatso shandura kuti "kunhuwa kwevamwari," hazvigoneke izvo zvaizoisa damper pakutengesa chokoreti.
Mazuva ano, chokoreti inozivikanwa seine simba antioxidant, asi mumazera ese yakave nemukurumbira wekuve aphrodisiac.Ini ndinofunga izvi zvinotsanangura tsika yekupa chokoreti kumudiwa wako paZuva raValentine, mhemberero, uye zvimwe zviitiko.Chokoreti inogona kusagara ichirarama zvinoenderana nemasimba ayo ane runyerekupe, asi chimwe chinokurudzira chainacho, phenylethylamine (PEA), inogona kuverengera mukurumbira wayo.
Yakabatana zvakanyanya neamphetamine, PEA inofambisa kuburitswa kwedopamine, iyo "kunzwa-kunaka" kemikari munzvimbo yemubairo yehuropi.Zvinoitika kuti paunowira murudo, uropi hwako hunenge huchidonha ne dopamine.Uyezve, zvinokwana zvitatu zvinosanganiswa muchokoreti zvinotevedzera zvinokonzerwa nembanje.Vanosunga kune imwechete receptors muuropi hwedu se tetrahydrocannabanol kana THC, iyo inoshanda muhari, ichiburitsa yakawanda dopamine uye zvakare serotonin, imwe kemikari yehuropi inobatana nemufaro.
Usavhunduke panhau idzi-iyi dopamine-enhancing mhedzisiro ishoma kana ichienzaniswa nezvinoitwa nemishonga yemishonga, uye zvakanyatsonaka kuti uende kuseri kwegumbo mushure mekapu yecocoa inopisa.Kumedza chokoreti hakuna kumbobvira kwakanganisa kugona kwangu kushandisa michina inorema, zvirinani kwete nzira yekushaiwa kwangu kudzidziswa uye ruzivo.
Vanhu vazhinji vanobvuma kuti machokoreti haatsive rudo, asi maitiro emakemikari echisikigo anogona kunge ari chikonzero nei rudo nechokoreti zvakapindirana.Zvakanaka, izvo uye kushambadzira, ndinofunga.
Imbwa haigoni kuisa theobromine zvakanaka, uye kunyange huwandu hushoma hwechokoreti, kunyanya yakasviba, inogona kuva chepfu kwavari.Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero iwe haufaniri kuwana imbwa yako bhokisi rechokoreti paZuva raValentine, zvisinei kuti unovada zvakadini.Uye uchifungidzira kuti yakasvibiswa kana kuti isina kuvharwa, pooch yako haigone kubatsirwa kubva kune imwe yezvimwe zvingangoitika zvechokoreti.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kana iwe waifarira Iyo Godfather: Chikamu II, kana Rocky II, kana wechipiri Lord weRings firimu, haungafarire Chiitiko cheCarrington: Chikamu II.Muchokwadi, zvisinei kuti firimu ripi raunoda zvakanyanya, iwe uchavenga chikamu chechipiri cheThe Carrington Chiitiko, nekuti kana iyo sequel ikaratidza, hapana anozokwanisa kuona mafirimu kwemwedzi yakati wandei, uye pamwe makore.
Kusiyana nePoseidon Adventure, Jurassic Park, nemamwe mafirimu enjodzi, The Carrington Event, inozivikanwawo seThe Solar Flare ye1859, yaiva yechokwadi, uye inodzokororwa nguva nenguva, munguva pfupi yapfuura muna 2012. Sezvineiwo, Pasi rinowanzopotsa kuputika uku kwe radiation, asi dzimwe nguva chete nenyaya yemaawa.Hazvigoneki kuti pasi redu richasangana nerimwe 1859-chiyero chezuva dutu mumakumi emakore ari kuuya, saka zvakakodzera kutarisa kurongeka kwekutanga.
Kutanga musi waNyamavhuvhu 28, 1859, vazivi venyeredzi vakacherechedza masumbu ezuva, uye zuva rakatevera mwenje yekuchamhembe neyekumaodzanyemba (aurora borealis neaurora australis, zvichiteerana) yakaonekwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo neEquator.Ipapo pana September 1, nyanzvi yemitumbi yomudenga yokuBritain Richard C. Carrington akanyora nezve“chiedza chichena” kunenge masikati makuru zuva iroro.Maawa gumi nemanomwe chete gare gare, solar coronal mass ejection kana CME yakarova Earth magnetosphere ndokutungamira kune yakanyanyisa pasi rose geomagnetic dutu iro rakatora kusvika wechipiri waGunyana.
Zvinonzi michina yeteregirafu muNorth America neEurope yakaiswa magetsi, zvichiita kuti mapango eteregirafu uye zviteshi zvekugamuchira zvibate moto.Chiverengero chevashandisi vakatambura kuvhunduka kubva kumidziyo zvakare.Masayendisiti anotenda kuti dutu rezuva rehukuru ihwohwo nhasi rinogona kukanganisa magidhi emagetsi epasi rose zvekuti kugadzirisa kunotora mwedzi yakawanda, uye pamwe makore.Dutu rezuva ra2012 resimba rakafanana rakapotsa Nyika nemazuva mapfumbamwe chete.Muna 2013, Lloyd's wekuLondon akaverenga kuti "sequel" ya2012 yatirova, ingadai yakakonzera 2.6 trillion yemadhora mukukuvara muUS chete.
Zvakaoma kufungidzira uchierekana wararama usina nharembozha, Indaneti, uye magetsi.Tisingatauri chokwadi chekuti Bitcoin yaizobuda.Kutevera 2012 pedyo-kupotsa, NASA yakapa chirevo chekuti pakanga paine 12% mukana wekuona rimwe dutu rakadaro panosvika 2022.
Zvimedu zvakachajwa zvinogara zvichibuda kuzuva — x-rays, gamma rays, UV mwenje, mwenje unooneka, uye mamwe marudzi emwaranzi — nekumhanya kubva pa300 kusvika 800 km/s.Tichifunga kuti Zuva rine miriyoni yemadhigirii Celsius pamusoro paro, munhu angafungidzira kuti zvidimbu izvi zvinodzingwa nekupisa.Chaizvoizvo, simba rekutanga mhedzisiro yemagineti.Kutama kwezvimedu uku kunonzi mhepo yezuva.Matunhu akasiyana pazuva anoburitsa twumedu twekumhanya uye kuumbwa kwakasiyana, uye panguva dzakasiyana, saka mhepo inoshanduka.Kunogara kuine mhepo, uye kazhinji dutu rinovhuvhuta.Hapana anoziva kuti chii chinokonzera madutu ezuva, asi vanoongorora nyeredzi vanogona “kuona” pavanenge vachibika.
Nyeredzi dzese dzinogadzira nzvimbo dzekusimba kwemagineti nguva nenguva.Hazvizivikanwe kana izvo zvinokonzeresa flare uye maCME, asi sunspots anowanzo kuoneka pamberi pezviitiko zvakadaro.Flares uye maCME "mhepo" yemhepo yezuva inobuda munzvimbo dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzezuva, uye mwaranzi yavanopinza muchadenga inozivikanwa seplasma.Kana nyanzvi dzemitumbi yomudenga dzakacherekedza nzvimbo dzakakura dzezuva, dzinochengeta ziso nokuda kwezvinoitika zvinotevera.Kana CME yakasimba ikaputika, plasma yayo ine simba guru inowanzosvika kwatiri mukati memaawa 24-48, painopindirana nePasi rekunze mhepo (magnetosphere) kuburitsa geomagnetic dutu.
Solar flare inogona kuitika zuva nezuva panguva yekuwedzera simba chikamu che11-gore kutenderera kwezuva.Munguva shoma shoma, kunyange zvakadaro, moto unongoitika mavhiki mashoma.Haisi yese flare inoratidza coronal mass ejection, asi yakabatana zvakanyanya.Dai ndainzwisisa zviitiko zvezuva zviri nani, ndinogona kunge ndine basa renyeredzi mune astrophysics kana chimwe chinhu.Mushure mekupedza chikamu chirinani chezuva ndichifamba nemushumo uzere nemafomula akajeka anotsanangura flare nemaCME, ndakasangana nemutsara uyu nemunyori waro: "...Dai akatanga nazvo, ndingadai ndisina kumboedza zvakanyanya.
Tinokwanisa kutenda nyeredzi dzedu dzerombo tine simbi yakanyungudutswa musimboti.Kana kuti izvo nyika yedu inoita.Musimboti uyu unounza simba remagineti rakatenderedza Pasi, nokudaro richibvisa mwaranzi inouraya uye kutiponesa kubva pakuva toast yedhorobha.Sezvo rukova rwemwaranzi rwunokotama rwakatenderedza Pasi semvura yakatenderedza dombo, zvidimbu zvinoputika "zvinopfuyiwa" kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, zvichikonzera auroras.
Madutu eGeomagnetic haangopfekedze psychedelic show.Sezvambotaurwa, ivo vanokwanisa kudzima masisitimu emagetsi, uye vanogona kukuvadza kana kutoparadza satellite.Kazhinji, masatellite anogona kubviswa munzira yekukuvadza nenguva.Muna Kurume 1989, dutu diki diki regeomagnetic rakavhara Hydro-Québec's state-of-the-art magetsi grid mukati memasekondi ekurova Pasi, ichigadzira rekodhi kupera kwakasiya vatengi 6 miriyoni murima.Kufambiswa kweredhiyo nenharembozha kwakakanganiswawo, uye aurora borealis yakaonekwa kure kumaodzanyemba seTexas.
Neraki, unogona kuenda ku noaa.gov kutarisa nzvimbo-yemamiriro ekunze, uye kusaina kuti uwane zviziviso kana uchida.Mafungiro emamiriro ekunze eNOAA anogona kungopa yambiro nezve kuti solar plasma icharova Pasi riini zuva kana maviri pamberi.Nepo maflare pachawo asingagone kufanotaurwa, NOAA inogona kukuudza kana zuva, flares, uye CMEs zvichionekwa.Nzvimbo-yemamiriro ekunze mishumo inogona zvakare kukuzivisa iwe kana aurora inotarisirwa (uye pamwe kana iwe uchizoda nzvimbo hita) pane humwe husiku.
Kupfuura izvozvo, unogona kufunga nezvekudyara mune tapureta, abacus, imwe yakanaka twine, uye mashoma emarata.Uye ini ndinokurudzira munhu wese kuti atange kuvanza mari yavo yedhijitari pasi pemetiresi yavo, zvakare.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Mugiredhi rechipfumbamwe ndaiva mukwaya kwemwedzi mishomanana kusvikira mudzidzisi akandipa “A” kwegore rose kana ndikamusiya kirasi.Nyaya yechokwadi.Iwe ungafunga kuti mukomana anoda mimhanzi asi asingakwanisi kuimba angangonakidzwa nekuimba, asi zvinoenderana.Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kunyomba kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana, kushushikana, kushaya hope, uye mune dzimwe nguva, zvipoko.Zvakare ichokwadi-kunyangwe ini ndakasiya zvimwe zvishoma ipapo.
Kushevedzera kune rwiyo nekuti hauzive (kana haugone kuimba) mazwi acho haakuvadzi, kunze kwekunge asingagumi uye anoitika kutsamwisa vaunoshanda navo.Asi akawanda maindasitiri maitiro senge mavira anoputika, shongwe dzekutonhodza, uye hofori compressor uye vacuum pombi zvinogona kuburitsa yakaderera-frequency kana infrasound hums inokwanisa kufamba makumi emamaira.Nemhaka yokuti hum hunoitwa nevanhu hurefu hurefu husina kujairika—mune dzimwe nguva inopfuura kiromita imwe—hum hunogona kufamba nyore mumakomo nomuzvivako.
Zvisikwa zvinogona kuburitsa idzi mhando dzemasaisai eruzha panguva yezviitiko zvakaita semafungu, kudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kuputika kwemakomo.Mhepo yeimwe sipidhi uye nzira inovhuvhuta nemu canyon inogona kuita infrasound.Uye dzimwe mhuka, zvikurukuru mawhale nenzou, dzinokurukura madaro marefu neiyi nzira.Sezvineiwo, mahums echisikigo anogara kwenguva pfupi uye haanyanyi kukanganisa kwatiri kupfuura aya emakanika kubva.
Infrasound inonzwika ine masaisai asingasviki makumi maviri pasekondi kana Hertz (Hz), inogona zvakare kuve yakajairwa unit yekubhadhara yekurenda mota, ndinofunga.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chete 2% kusvika 3% yevanhu vanogona kunzwa ruzha padanho iri.Vanhu vazhinji vanokwanisa kunzwa muchikamu che20 kusvika ku20,000 Hz.Pamusoro payo pane ultrasound, semhando yemasaisai anoshandiswa mukuongororwa kwekurapa.
Kunze kwechokwadi chekuti infrasound inogona kupinda mudzimba dzedu pa24-7 hwaro, rimwe rematambudziko makuru nderekuti isu tinowanzo kuzvinzwa kupfuura kuzvinzwa.Netsanangudzo, ruzha inhevedzano yemafungu ekumanikidza anoita shanduko isina kujeka mumhepo yekumanikidza panzeve yedu.Dura renzeve rinodedera nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja, uko uropi hunozodudzira seruzha.Icho chinhu ndechekuti, masaisai anoshandura kudzvanywa kwemhepo anozunungusa eardrum yedu kunyangwe kufamba kwacho kunonoka kuti kuonekwe sekurira.Ichi ndicho chikonzero infrasound inogona kukonzera dzungu, vertigo, kusvotwa, uye kukanganisa kurara.
Asi eardrum yedu haisiriyo yega chikamu chedu chinozunguzika kuenda kuzasi-frequency masaisai.Nhengo dzese dzevanhu dzine inonzi "mechanic resonant frequency," inova iyo wavelength inokonzeresa kuti nyama idzedzereke yega.Kuedza kwevanhu kwakawana kuti migumisiro yemwoyo inoitika pa17 Hz;nyaya dzakashuma kunzwa kutya, kuparadzwa kwaiuya, uye kufunganya.Uye mune ongororo ya1976, NASA yakaronga kuti ziso remunhu rinotenderera paavelength ye18 Hertz.
Apa ndipo panopinda zvipoko. Kana kuti nhaurirano yacho.Muna 1998, muongorori weBritish anonzi Vic Tandy akaburitsa bepa rainzi "Ghosts in the Machine" mu Journal of the Society for Psychical Research.Pane imwe nguva akatanga kunzwa kutya, uyezve neapo neapo achiona grey, blob-like apparitions, achishanda ega murabhoritari yake yezvokurapa.Rimwe zuva akasungira foiri yefenzi muvhesi yerabhoritari kuti ashande pairi, uye foil yakatanga kuzunguzika zvisingaite.Akaona kuti ichangobva kuisirwa vent fan yaive ichidedera pa18.98 Hz chaiyo.Payakadzimwa, foil yakamira kuzunguzika, uye akanzwa zviri nani uye akarega kuona zvinhu muchiratidzo chake cheperipheral.Kubva ipapo, kuyedza kwakadzokororwa kwakaburitsa zvakafanana zvekuona anomalies.
Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa nyaya dze infrasound munharaunda ndeye inonzi "Windsor Hum" mudunhu reWindsor, Ontario, iyo hurumende yeCanada yakatsvaga kune imwe nzvimbo yeUS Steel pachitsuwa chiri muRwizi rweDetroit.Iyi yakaderera-frequency, 35-Hertz hum inonzi ine ruzha kupfuura nakare kose kubva payakatangazve mukupera kwa2017 mushure mekumbomira kwenguva pfupi.Kubva pakatanga hum iyi muna 2011, pange paine mishumo yekuti vamwe vagari vakatama kuti vatize zvinokonzeresa, izvo zvinosanganisira kusarara uye kusvotwa.Muna 2012, vagari vemuguta vanodarika zviuru makumi maviri vakapinda mumusangano weterevhizheni vachinyunyuta nezvemamiriro ezvinhu.Zvinosuruvarisa, US Steel yaramba zvese zvakayedzwa nevakuru veCanada kusangana navo kuti vaedze kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Kuita kuti nhamba huru dzakadaro dzitambure nokuziva kuti kushuva kuwana pfuma kwomunhu oga kunoumba mhosva yakaipisisa.Kusiyana nenyaya yemhosva dzehondo uye kuuraya rudzi, pfungwa yeCrimes Against Humanity haifanirwe kunge yakabatana nehondo, kunyangwe tsananguro yayo ichisiyana nenyika.UN yakatanga hurongwa hwekuinyora muna 2014. Mumwe mutemo wezvino unoutsanangura sechero “…zviito zvisina hunhu zvinokonzeresa kutambura kukuru, kana kukuvara kwakanyanya mumuviri kana kuutano hwepfungwa kana hwemuviri.Hapana munhu kana mubatanidzwa unofanirwa kubvumidzwa kubata hutano hwevanhu.
Kuchamhembe kweNew York State, ndaona hum yakafanana mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura.Kunyangwe ichisiyana mukusimba kwayo, ndakainzwa ichirira zvakaenzana kubva kuGouverneur kuenda kuCanton kuenda kuMassena.Mugwagwa wangu hauna sevhisi yemagetsi, saka handina midziyo yekumba inogona kukonzeresa.Kunyanya kucherechedzwa husiku, dzimwe nguva inovhara.Mukupera kwaNovember 2018 yakatanga zvakare mushure mekuzorora, uye yakanyanya kusimba panguva ino.
Inzwa wakasununguka kugovera chiitiko chako ne infrasound hum pa [email yakachengetedzwa].Kana iwe uchinzwa kuti chinhu chakadaro chiri kukanganisa hutano hwako, ndinokukurudzira kuti ubate vakuru vako vakasarudzwa.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Gore rakapera muvakidzani wangu, anorima uye anotengesa howa-yemutemo-kuti ndiwane chouviri, akandikurudzira kuti ndiite chinyorwa pamusoro peKisimusi fungus inogona kuverengera zvimwe zvemashiripiti eiyo tsika yezororo.Pakutanga ndakabvisa zano rake, ndichifunga kuti pamwe akange adya musika wakashata zuva riya, asi kubva ipapo ndakawana humbowo hushoma hunotsigira pfungwa yake.
Inoparadzirwa kuNorth America, Europe, neAsia kubva munzvimbo dzakadzikama kuenda kuchamhembe, Amanita muscaria howa hunokura pakati pemiti yemipine, birch uye mioki.Kutaura zvazviri ishamwari yemidzi yemiti iyoyo, ichishandisa shuga shoma inobva kumidzi yayo asi ichiwedzera zvikuru kukwanisa kwemiti kutora zvokudya nemvura.Haikwanisi kukura kunze kwenzvimbo yesango.
Dzimwe nguva inonzi fly agaric kana fly amanita nekuti yakashandiswa kuuraya nhunzi, A. muscaria ihowa hombe, tsvuku tsvuku (dzimwe nguva yero).Chivharo chayo chine domed, icho chinoti sandara painokura, chine mavara machena mahombe, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yehumwe hunozivikanwa hwematoto kana kuti howa husina kumira mushe pasi rose.Ndihwo howa hukuru hwaAlice muWonderland, mabhuku ekupenda, uye mufananidzo webindu.Kunyangwe mapepi emagnomes anowanzo pendi kuti aite senge nhunzi agaric howa.
Amanita muscaria inewo psychoactive properties, uye yakapedzwa kwezviuru zvemakore nechando-yakaneta Laplanders sepick-me-up;neSiberian shaman nevamwe varapi mumitambo yekuporesa;uye nemhembwe yemusango—hazvina chokwadi.Zvichida kubhururuka, asi zvakawanda pane izvozvo gare gare.Chokwadi kune nhoroondo dzakawanda dzemhembwe dzichiita “dzakadhakwa” mushure mekutarisa 'chipfuro ichocho.
Kana zita rokuti Amanita rikarira bhero, zvingave zvichikonzerwa nokuti iyo inonzi chivharo chekufa, zvichida howa hune chepfu zvikuru munyika yose, ihama yepedyo, Amanita phalloides.Chivharo chekufa chinowanikwa kuEurope neAsia, asi chakaunzwa netsaona nemiti inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kunzvimbo shoma muNorth America.Kusiyana nenyaya ine fungi yakawanda, chepfu yayo haina kuderedzwa nekupisa, uye hafu yechivharo inokwana kuparadza chiropa neitsvo dzemunhu mukuru, zvichiita iyo chete "antidote" yekuisa nhengo.
Pamusoro pekuva psychoactive, yedu inofadza fly agaric zvakare ine chepfu, kunyange zvishoma.Uye zvinoita sekunge inogona kunzi "yakachengetedzeka" (mishumo inoti inogona kuramba ichikonzera kurutsa) nekupisa kunyoro kana kupera simba.Sezviri pachena, kupisa kwakanyanya kunotora kunakidzwa kwese kubva kufly agaric, sezvo yakashandiswa sehowa yekubika kana yakambobikwa uye mvura yekutanga yakaraswa.Zvinonzi, muSiberia nedzimwe nzvimbo, A. muscaria akaiswa mumasokisi uye akarembera pedyo nemoto.Nenzira iyi kupisa kuri pakati nepakati kwaizoita kuti (howa, kwete masokisi) achengeteke kushandiswa semhemberero kana neimwe nzira.
Masoko akazara nehowa dzvuku nechena akaturikwa pachimuni zvine hungwaru hunonzwika zvisina kugadzikana.Uye hongu, Baba Kisimusi vanogona kupfeka chipfeko chitsvuku uye chichena uye vanogona kana kusazvikomberedza nepfupi, squat, mushroom-esque elves, asi ini ndakanga ndisina chokwadi nezve chero fungal kubatana netsika dzezororo rechando.Zvisinei, zviri nyore webhu-chifananidzo chekutsvaga "mushroom decoration Christmas" yakashandura bazillion (zvakanaka, 30,800,000) mifananidzo yeAmanita muscaria miti zvishongo uye akandiita mutendi.
Mumutambo weCheech Marin naTommy Chong unonakidza wa1971 unoti “Santa Nechembere Yake,” Cheech anotsanangura Santa Claus, “murume ane shaya dzine mvere,” kushamwari yake.Chiredzo chinobhururuka chaSanta, maererano naCheech, chinokurudzirwa ne "guruva remashiripiti," ne "zvishoma zvemhembwe, zvishoma zveSanta, zvishoma zvaSanta, zvishoma zveSanta ..." Pamwe mukuwedzera kune izvo zvavaida. kusvira, vaizivawo nezvefly agaric.
Nekuda kwehutano hweveruzhinji, ndinoda kunyevera kusaedza fungus iyi.Kutanga, mareferensi anoratidza howa nhunzi dzeagaric dzakanhongwa muchirimo nechirimo dzinogona kuva nesimba rakapetwa ka10 pane dziya dzakaunganidzwa mumatsutso.Uye kuti kukanganisa kunogona kukusiya uchirwara kwevhiki kana kupfuura.Uye kwete, handina kuedza A. muscaria uye handina zvirongwa zvekuita kudaro.
Ini handisi nyanzvi, asi ndinoona zvichifadza kuti kutepfenyura kwepanyika kweKisimusi yedu yemazuva ano kune hukama kune tsika dzekare dzechando muSiberia.Amanita muscaria inogona kubatsira kutsanangura kuseka kusiri kwechisikigo kwaSanta, kubhururuka kwake kwemashiripiti, tisingarevi kusarudzwa kwemavara esutu yake, uye mamiriyoni ezvishongo zvehowa zveKisimusi zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya.
Zano rangu raizova rekudzivirira fungi ine muchetura pamwe nekutengesa muchetura, uye kuvavarira kumwe kufara kwechinyakare kusingafambiswe nezvinhu zveimwe mhando kana imwe.Mhuka, hongu, ichaita sarudzo dzayo.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kutoti kugadziridzwa kwemajini kwakanyatsobuda muruoko, chirevo chekare pamusoro pemari isingakure pamiti chicharamba chakarurama.Ndinofunga kana kuchinjanisa kukava muitiro, zvisinei, varimi vemichero nenzungu vachange vakazara nemari yemiti.Kufungidzira mitengo yekuchinjana inogona kunge iri musoro, ndinofungidzira.Mupaini wedu wekumabvazuva, Pinus strobus, hauonekwe semuti unobereka zvirimwa uye hauratidzike seunobukira mari, zvirinani munzvimbo ino, asi wakabereka zvibereko zvakakosha kuvanhu zvakafanana.
Miti yakareba kupfuura iyi rutivi rweRockies, mapini machena kusvika kumakumbo e230 akanyorwa nevatangi vekare.Shasha yeUS yazvino inomira pa 188 tsoka, uye muAdirondacks tine akati wandei ekare-kukura-machena mapine anopfuura 150 tsoka.Panyaya yekuzivikanwa, white pine inoita kuti ive nyore, kuve iyo yega yepine kunze kweEast inotakura tsono mumasumbu eshanu, imwe pabhii rega rega mune WHITE.Kuti zvive pachena, mavara haana kunyorwa patsono, kungotaura chete.
Sekureba uye kunoshamisa sezvazviri, mumakore mashoma apfuura mupaini muchena uri kurwara uye kutemwa neutachiona husingaoneki.Inonzi Canavirgella needlecast uye Mycosphaerella brown spot, idzi fungi mbiri dzave dziripo kwemazana emakore, asi hadzina kumbobvira dzave dambudziko.Zviratidzo zvehutachiona itsono dzinoita yero zvachose uye dzinodonha mukati megore rimwe kana kupfuura.Nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu dzakawanda dzinodavira kuti kuchinja kwatakaita mamiriro okunze kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kunyanya nguva refu isina kukanganiswa yemamiriro ekunze ekunze, ndiyo ine mhosva yekuchinja uku kwemaitiro.Pakati pemakore ekunyorova, kusanaya kwemvura kwegore ra2012, 2016, 2018 kwakakonzera hunyoro hwevhu hwakanyanya, kunetesa miti kuitira kuti ive nyore kubatwa nezvirwere netumbuyu.
Mupaini muchena unoburitsa makoni anoyevedza, matanhatu kusvika mapfumbamwe masendimita akareba, aine masikero akaiswa resin, akanakira kutanga moto uye nekuwedzera kune maruva uye kumwe kushongedza kwezororo (angangoda kuchengetedza iwo kure nemoto wakavhurika).Mhuka iyi ine mukurumbira nekuda kwematanda ayo akakura uye akajeka, akajeka-ruvara anoshandiswa kugadzira pasi, mapuranga uye sheathing pamwe chete nenhengo dzezvimiro.New England yakavakwa pamuini chena, uye mune dzimwe dzimba dzekare, mabhodhi epaini ekutanga ehupamhi hwakasiyana anogona achiri kuwanikwa.Zvinoshamisa sezvakaita matanda ayo, white pine chipo chakakosha zvikuru hachioneki.Uye tarisiro indivisible.
Pakati pechiuru nemazana gumi nemaviri emakore apfuura kuno kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, nyika shanu dzechivanhu dzakafunga kuti dzakashandisa simba rakawandisa kupokana miganhu nezviwanikwa.Nerubatsiro rwemutungamiri ane chiono, vakaronga hurongwa hwekutonga nekugadzirisa nyaya dzepakati-nyika, zvichisiya nyika-nyika yega yega ichizvitonga.
White pine, ine tsono dzayo shanu dzakabatanidzwa pabhesi, yakabatsira kukurudzira chimiro chitsva chemubatanidzwa.Inoramba iri chiratidzo chakakodzera cheiyi Confederacy, iyo Iroquois, kana Haudenosaune sezvavanozvidaidza.Muti wacho wakanga uri, uye uri kuratidzirwa une gondo rine mhanza, miseve mishanu yakabatira mumhino dzayo kuratidzira kusimba mukubatana, yakamhara pamusoro payo.
Confederacy ine madzishe makumi mashanu akasarudzwa anogara mumatare maviri emitemo, aine mukuru wenyika akasarudzwa.Kubva kare, vakadzi chete ndivo vaigona kuvhota.Vanhukadzi vaivewo nesimba rekupomera vatungamiri vasingaite zvinofadza veruzhinji, uye vaigona kubvisa chero mutemo wavanoti unopenga kana kuti hauone zvakanaka.Sabhuku wega wega aitarisirwa kukwanisa kudzokorora bumbiro reIroquois kubva mundangariro, basa richiri kuitwa nanhasi pane mamwe matura, uye rinotora mazuva mapfumbamwe akazara kuti apedze.
Benjamin Franklin naJames Monroe vakanyora zvakawanda pamusoro peIroquois confederacy, uye Franklin kunyanya akakurudzira makoroni gumi nematatu kuti atore mubatanidzwa wakafanana.Pakasangana Continental Congress kuti inyore Bumbiro reMitemo, vatungamiriri veIroquois vakapinda, vachikokwa, kwenguva yakareba sevapi vemazano.
Pakati pemapepa ekutanga eChimurenga aive akateedzana ePine Tree Mireza, uye chena pine inoramba iri paVermont's state flag.Gondo, kunyangwe rakabviswa pamupaini, ragara rakagara pamari yekuUS, sumbu remiseve gumi nenhatu mumakumbo aro.Ndinofunga nenzira yedimikira, mari yedu yakamera pamuti.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kunyange Santa Claus pachake haagoni kugovera chishuvo cheKrisimisi chena—imari inokandwa kuti zororo racho richava rakafukidzwa nesinou kana kuti rakasvibira gore rino.Nzvimbo yakasvibirira haisi yakanaka yedu yeKisimusi, asi isu tinokwanisa kuchengetedza mamwe magreenbacks muNorth Country, uye kuchengeta miti yedu yeKisimusi uye mamwe matauriro akachena uye akasvibira kwenguva yakareba, patinotenga miti yemunharaunda nemaruva.
Haisi miti yeKisimusi chete sosi inogona kuvandudzwa, inosimudzira hupfumi hwenzvimbo.Kunyangwe iwe usina nguva yekucheka yako papurazi remuti, zviitire iwe nyasha gore rino uye utenge muti wechisikigo kubva kumutengesi weko.Iye kana iye anogona kukubatsira kusarudza yakanakisa mhando yezvaunofarira, uye zvakare kukuzivisa iwe kuti itsva sei.Mimwe miti muzvitoro zvikuru inotemwa mavhiki, kana isiri mwedzi, isati yaonekwa muzvitoro.
Pane chimwezve chikonzero chekutenga zvemuno muna 2018: Dhipatimendi rekurima neMashamba reNYS rakazivisa kuvharirwa pamiti yeKisimusi yekunze kudzivirira kupararira kwehupukanana hutsva hunoparadza.The spotted lanternfly (SLF) chipembenene chikuru chemarudzi akawanda emiti, pamwe chete nemazambiringa nezvimwe zvirimwa zvakasiyana, asi inonyanya kufarira shuga maple.Chekutanga kuwanikwa muPennsylvania muna 2014, iyi bug inouraya miti yeAsia yakabva yapararira muNew Jersey, Delaware, neVirginia.Vanhukadzi veSLF vanokandira mazai avo akavharidzirwa pane chero chinhu, uye muna 2017, mazai akawanda akawanikwa pamiti yeKisimusi yakakurira muNew Jersey, zvichiita kuti vagare vari voga.
Pakati pese kunhuhwirira kusingakanganwike kwemwaka wezororo, hapana chinomutsa mweya wayo senge kunhuhwirira kwepaini, spruce kana fir tree, wreath kana garland.Kunyange zvazvo ruzhinji rwemhuri dzokuAmerica uko Krisimisi inocherechedzwa dzakachinjira kumiti yokusika, mhuri dzinenge mamiriyoni gumi dzichiri kuunza kumba muti chaiwoiwo.
Mhando yega yega yeconifer ine musanganiswa wayo wezvinonhuwirira-zvinonhuhwirira terpenols uye esters iyo inoverengera yavo "piney woods" pefiyumu.Vamwe vanhu vanofarira kunhuwirira kweimwe muti, zvichida wavaiva nawo vachiri mwana.Muti weKisimusi chaiwo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hofori yezororo potpourri.Hapana chemistry lab inogona kuita muti wepurasitiki kunhuhwirira senge pine nyowani, fir kana spruce.
Mabviro emuti weKisimusi haana kujeka, asi miti inogara yakasvibira, maruva, uye matavi aishandiswa nevakawanda vekare, kusanganisira vaIjipita, kufananidzira hupenyu husingaperi.MuGermany yomuzana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu, Martin Luther sezviri pachena akabetsera kubatidza (sokutaura) tsika yomuti weKirisimasi womukati kupfurikidza nokuunza muti unogara wakasvibira mumba make ndokuushongedza namakenduru.Kwemazana emakore akatevera, miti yeKisimusi yaigara ichiunzwa mudzimba musi wa24 Zvita, uye isingabviswi kusvikira mushure memutambo wechiKristu weEpiphany musi wa 6 Ndira.
Panyaya yezvinofarirwa nevanhu vazhinji, mafiresi—Douglas, balsam, uye Fraser—anofarirwa zvikuru, anonhuwirira zvikuru.Grand uye concolor fir kunhuhwirira kukuru zvakare.Kana yakachengetwa mumvura, mafiritsi ese ane zvakanakisa kuchengetedza tsono.Mapaini anochengetawo tsono dzawo zvakanaka.Nepo yedu yemupine chena inonhuhwirira kupfuura Scots (kwete yeScotch; ndeyeSanta) pine, iyo yekupedzisira inodarika yekutanga, pamwe nekuti maScots akasimba anogona kutakura mutoro wezvishongedzo pasina matavi awo kudonha.Kwete chete maspruce ane matavi akasimba, anowanzo kuve ane yakasimba piramidi chimiro.Maspruce anogona kunge asina kunhuhwirira sefirs kana mapaini, asi iwo makuru sarudzo kune avo vanoda pfupi-tsono miti.
Kufamba kwegore negore kusarudza muti chaiwo pamwe chete kwave kuri kwemhuri dzakawanda, yangu yakabatanidzwa, tsika yezororo inodiwa, nguva yekubatana.Iwe unoziva, tsika thermos yechokoti inopisa;tsika yevana vanorasikirwa inenge imwe mitten, uye nguva-inokudzwa squabble-ndinoreva kurukurirano - pamusoro pomuti upi wokucheka.Kunhuhwirira kwakanaka, uye ndangariro dzakanaka.
Kuti uwane kunhuhwirira kwakanaka uye kuchengetwa kwetsono, cheka imwe-kusvika 2-inch "cookie" kubva pachigadziko usati waisa muti wako pachigadziko, uye uzadze dura mazuva maviri oga oga.Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvinoti zvinowedzera hupenyu hwetsono hazvishande, saka chengetedza mari yako.Magetsi e LED haaomese tsono sezvaiitwa nechinyakare, uye zviri nyore pabhiri rako remagetsi zvakare.
Shanyira www.christmastreesny.org/SearchFarm.php kuti uwane purazi remiti riri pedyo, uye ruzivo rwekuvharirwa runogona kuwanikwa pawww.agriculture.ny.gov/AD/release.asp?ReleaseID=3821 Ruzivo pamusoro pemwenje unopenya unoiswa pa https https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/113303.html
Pasinei netsika dzako, mhuri yako, shamwari, uye miti yakasvibira zvose ngazvive zvine mvura, zvinonhuhwirira zvinotapira uye manyuko endangariro dzinogara kwenguva refu mumwaka uno wezororo.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Watertown yagadzirira kuve Emerald Guta, asi handidzo nhau dzakanaka.Jefferson naLewis vachakurumidza kuva Emerald Counties, uye St. Lawrence County yakatanga nzira yekuchinja makore maviri apfuura.Zvinosuruvarisa, rudzi urwu rwekushandura harusanganisi magumo anofadza.
Kana emerald ash borer (EAB) inouraya madota, chimwe chinhu chinoitika chisati chamboonekwa—muti wacho unobva waoma uye kuva nengozi nokukurumidza zvikuru, kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho chatingaona muNorth America izvi zvisati zvaitika.Vatungamiri vemadhorobha, vakuru veDOT, varidzi vezvimiti, vanotema matanda, varimi nemamwe maneja eminda vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakakwana kuitira kuti vagare vakachengetedzeka uye kuti vasava nemhosva.
Idaidze hutachiona kana denda, asi nekukurumidza kunyangwe iyo inonakidza yemuti-yakamisikidzwa mugwagwa uye yakanyatsogadziriswa yehuni ichaita sechinhu chiri kunze kweTolkein inotyisa yeFangorn Sango muna Ishe wake weRings trilogy.Miti yedu yemadota haipindure kutsiva, asi ichava nengozi kune zvimwe zvikonzero.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2017, vagari vanozvipira vakadzidziswa neNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) vakawana emerald ash borer mumusungo weEAB mutaundi reSt. Lawrence County yeHammond, uye gare gare gore rimwe chetero, kupararira kukuru kwakawanikwa pedyo neMassena. .Masango kubva kuSt. Regis Mohawk Tribal Environment Division akasimbisawo EAB yakawanda muFranklin County mu2017.
Kutanga kwezhizha rino, vazvipiri vakateya EAB mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweNY, kusanganisira kumuganhu wekumaodzanyemba kweJefferson County.Iyo NYSDEC haisati yaburitsa data yekupedzisira kubva ku2018's trap chirongwa, asi isu tinotarisira kusimbiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.Zvinonzwisisika kuti tingave taneta nokunzwa nezvechipembenene ichi chinoboora miti uye kuti chichatsvaira sei miti yemadota.Mushure mezvose, chestnuts uye elms zvakafa uye nyika haina kupera.Musiyano uri padanho renjodzi yaiswa.
Kazhinji kana muti wakagwinya ukaurawa nechipembenene, chirwere kana mafashamo, unomira ipapo makore mashanu, gumi kana kupfuura.Kana ukasazviratidza mukati memakore gumi nemashanu, inotsveta, inon'un'una chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekushaiwa kwako tsika dzebasa, uye inodonha.Funga nezvemiti yose yakafa iri mumadziva ebeaver inomira kwemakore gumi kana kupfuura sematendere emhembwe mukorona dzawo dzakacheneswa.Pashure pokunge chirwere chechestnut chaparadza rudzi irworwo, kwakanga kune mishumo yehosha dzakafa dzakaramba dzakati twasa kwemakore 30 kana kuti anopfuura.
Asi emerald ash borer ine maitiro akasiyana pamiti yemadota yainouraya.Madota anonyura kuEAB anova nengozi mukati megore rimwechete, uye mushure memakore maviri chete, vanotanga kusvetukira kumotokari, marori nemabhazi akazara evana vechikoro.Izvi zviri kutora zvishoma kure, asi vanhu vazhinji vakakuvadzwa, uye dzimba zhinji nemotokari zvakakuvadzwa mushure meEAB infestations.MuOhio, bhazi rechikoro rakarohwa nemuti muhombe wakaurayiwa neEAB, zvichikuvadza vadzidzi vashanu nemutyairi, uye zvakazara bhazi.
Hapana anoita seane tsananguro yakakwana yekurasikirwa uku nekukurumidza uye kwakadzama kwesimba rehuni, asi ini ndichapfuura izvo zvatinoziva.Sekureva kweDavey Resource Group, bazi rekubvunza nekutsvagisa reDavey Tree, kugera-kusimba kwehuni hwemadota kunoderera zvakapetwa kashanu mushure mekunge muti wabatwa neEAB.Miti inova nengozi nekukasira zvekuti Davey Tree haizobvumiri vanokwira vachipinda mumadota akazara anoratidza kuderera kwe20% kana kupfuura.
Mumashoko aMike Chenail, International Society of Arboriculture Certified Arborist kubva kuPennsylvania, “Zvinhu zviviri zvinoita kuti muti wemadota unouraiwa neEAB uve nengozi zvakanyanya.EAB inodimbura kuyerera kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri nemumuti.Uyezve, chipembenene chinouraya chinogadzira zviuru zvemaronda ekubuda.Vese vari vaviri vanorangana kuomesa muti wacho uye kuuita kuti uve huta.
Imwe yenyaya ndeyekuti sapwood, iyo yekunze yehuni, inooma nekukurumidza.Sezvo sapwood inogona kunge yakakora masendimita mashoma, kuve nayo kamwe kamwe yakaoma ingasaite seyakawanda.Jerry Bond, Consulting Urban Forester uye aichimbova Cornell Extension Educator, akatsanangura kwandiri neiyi nzira: “Zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvesimba rokuvaka kwomuti zvinogara nechokunze kwegumi muzana yehunde.”Mune mamwe mazwi, kana sapwood yapera simba, hapana simba rakawanda rasara mumuti.
Panogona kunge paine chimwe chikamu pamufananidzo.Zvinyorwa kubva kune vanogadzira miti uye vamwe vashandi vemiti vanonongedza kuparara kunoshamisa kweimwe huni yemadota yakange yangobatwa mwaka mumwe chete.Kuti izvi zvingave zvakapararira kana kuti zvakakosha sei hazvisati zvazivikanwa.
Asi hapana chimwe cheizvozvo chiripo chaicho.Pfungwa ndeyokuti avo vanoshanda kana kupedza nguva yakawanda mumatanda, uye ani zvake ane mhosva yekuchengetedzwa kwevamwe anofanira kuziva kuti kana EAB inouraya miti yemadota, vanoita zvakasiyana.
Varidzi veWoodlot, Town and Village Supervisors, Town Board Members, NNY County Legislators, arborists, varimi nevamwe vanoda kudzidza kugadzirira EAB vanokurudzirwa kuenda kumusangano unouya weEAB wekuzivisa paAdams Municipal Building, 3 South Main Street, Adams, NY neChitatu, Mbudzi 14, 2018 kubva 8:30 AM kusvika 12:00 PM.Varatidziri vanosanganisira vamiriri kubva kuNYSDEC, National Grid nevamwe.Chikamu chemahara, asi ndapota RSVP kuna Mike Giocondo muNYSDEC Lowville sub-office pa (315) 376-3521 kana [email yakachengetedzwa]
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Dai maPilgrim akaziva kuti Thanksgiving yaizove chii muAmerica pasina mubvunzo vangadai vakatora mimwe mifananidzo.Kunyangwe iyo menyu yakarasika kwatiri, kunyangwe nhoroondo yemuromo yeWampanoag, pamwe nemaresiti mashoma egirosari ePilgrim akawanikwa nevanochera matongo, anoratidza kuti kwaive nechibage, bhinzi uye squash pamwe neshiri nemhuka.Kupfuura izvozvo panogona kunge kune machestnuts, sun chokes ("Jerusarema" artichokes), cranberries uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvegungwa.
Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda vanotenda kuti maPilgrim angadai akaparara munguva yechando ye1620 kana zvisiri zvekudya zvakapihwa neWampanoags, avo nyika yavakatora.Muchirimo cha1621, Wampanoags akapa maPilgrim mbeu yembeu, pamwe nedzidziso (pamwe yeApp; hatigone kuve nechokwadi) nezvekugadzirwa, kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvirimwa zvekudya zvinosanganisira chibage, bhinzi, uye squash.
Kudonha uku-hatina kana chokwadi kana aive Gumiguru kana Mbudzi-maPilgrim akatenda nezvekurima kweNative America, uye akadya mabiko ayo kwemazuva matatu akatwasuka.MaWampanoags angangodaro akapa kutenda kuti pakanga pasina ngarava dzakawanda dzakazara nemaPilgrim pakatarisana ipapo.
Bhari ndiyo yega chirimwa chaibva kuEurope icho maPilgrim akakwanisa kurima muna 1621. Sezvineiwo, vaiita sevasingazivi kuti yaigona kudyiwa.Kumusoro, zvisinei, kwaive kuti kwaive nedoro rakawanda paChidyo cheKutenda.
Nepo chibage, bhinzi uye squash, "The Three Sisters," zvaive, uye zviri, zvakarimwa nevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica, zvimwe zvirimwa zveko zvichashongedza matafura eAmerican Thanksgiving gore rino.Pamwe iwe uchave ne appetizer kunze kwekambani pamberi pekudya kwemanheru.Nzungu dzakasanganiswa, chero ani?Nzungu chirimwa chikuru cheNative America.Pecans uye mbeu yesunflower, zvakare.Uye munhu wese anoda chibage machipisi ane dip, handiti?Izvo zvinopisa (uye zvinotapira) pepper uye tomate mu salsa ndezvokudya zveNative America.Unoda dip yakagadzirwa nekotapeya?Ehe, chimwe chikafu chekuzvarwa.Uye zvakafanana kune popcorn.
MaTurkey, ayo akave akachengetwa nevanhu veko nguva refu vasati vasangana neEurope, ndezvechokwadi zvizvarwa zveNyika Itsva.Mhuka dzemazuva ano dzeTurkey dzakasarudzwa kuti dzive miviri inorema, asi idzo dzakanyatsofanana nemhuka dzedu dzomusango, dzine huwandu hunobva kumaodzanyemba kweMexico kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweCanada.
Asi zvakawanda zve "kugadzirisa" kunoshandiswa mukutenda kwemazuva ano kunobvawo kuNyika Itsva.Cranberry muto muenzaniso wakanaka (akabatana Vaccinium marudzi anowanikwa kuchamhembe kweEurope, asi ma berries ayo maduku zvikuru kupfuura marudzi ecranberry anowanikwa pano, ayo ave akachengetwa munyika yose).
Uye hazvizove Kutenda pasina mbatatisi yakakanyiwa kunyura muto.Mbatatisi chena (“yeIrish”) chirimwa cheNyika Itsva, sezvakaita mbatatisi.Tinokwanisa kutenda maNative American agronomists negreen beans neLima beans.Usakanganwe squash — Marudzi akagadzira mhando dzakawanda, kusanganisira Hubbard nebutternut squash, uye manhanga, ayo ari muchando squash.
Izvo zvinotisvitsa kune inofananidzira yekutenda manhanga pie-ndinofunga kuti munhu wese anotenda nekubatwa ikoko.Hapana chinoenda ne pie se ice cream, iyo isiri kubva kuNyika Itsva, asi zvimwe zvinonaka zvinonaka.Maple-walnut ndeimwe yemhando dzekutanga ice cream muNew England, maflavour maviri echivanhu anoenda pamwechete zvine mukurumbira.Kunyange isiri kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, vanilla inobva kuAmerica, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo chokoreti.Kana iwe ukawedzera mamwe ma toppings se sitirobheri kana blueberry (kunyange pineapple) muto, iwe unenge uine zvakawanda zveNative American foods for dessert.
Ndinokushuvirai mese kufara uye kune hutano Kutenda, kuzere nemhuri uye nekutenda.Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, tinogona kuonga vanhu veMarudzi nezvirimwa zvavo.Asi ndapota, musapa mhosva First-Nations agronomists kana muchida kusunungura bhandi renyu notch kana maviri mushure.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Paakatanga kuoneka makore makumi masere apfuura, Superman akanzi “anokurumidza kupfuura bara rinomhanya.”Hongu mamwe mabara anobhururuka nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe, asi muna 1938, avhareji kumhanya kwakasiyana kubva ku400 mph kune yakakosha .38 kusvika ku580 mph kune .45 otomatiki.Panjodzi yekuenda kudivi raSuperman rakaipa, ndinobvunza kuti angapfuura here AR-15 .223 kutenderera kutenderera nemakiromita 2,045 paawa.Uyezve atokura manje.Muchokwadi, ndinoshamisika kana ari peppy zvekuti anogona kubata chirimwa chinomhanya.
Kukurumidza kutarisa kunze kunotivimbisa kuti zvirimwa hazviratidzike kufamba, kana kuti kana zvakadaro, zvinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuti zviyere mafambiro azvo.Zvakanaka, tichifunga nzira yatinodzura nayo masora, kutema uswa, uye kutema makumbo nemaoko.Ko zvinomera zvaikwanisa kunyahwaira pakutsvaga kutsiva, hapana aizorara zvakanaka usiku.Chokwadi ndechekuti zvinomera zvinogara zvakagara.Chero murimi anogona kukuudza kuti kunyange slugs anogona kubata zvirimwa.Saka zvinoita sekunge zvakaoma kutaura kuti Murume weSimbi anononoka pane izvozvo.
Pane musiyano pakati pekufamba nekukurumidza uye kufamba-famba.Zvirimwa zvinogona kudzika midzi, asi hazvisi zvese zvinogara.Vana vazhinji vanovaraidzwa zvinyoro-nyoro pavanosangana nemimosa, kana chirimwa chinonzwa.Kana rikabatwa, shizha raro rinopeta mukati memasekondi zvakarongeka, kana risingamhanyi-mhanye.Mimosa zvinomera zvinodzidza kubva pane zvakaitika, kunyange zvakadaro, uye kana ukakwenya shizha kakawanda, zvinozotora zororo kubva pakuita kwemaawa akati wandei.
Vanhu vemazera ese vanowanzo fadzwa neVenus flytrap, chirimwa chinodya nyama chinovharika pazvipembenene, chobva chagadzira homwe isingapindi mhepo uye kunyungudutsa vanhu vayo mudumbu rakazadzwa neasidhi.Pasinei nezita rayo, flytrap inodya zvakanyanya pamasvosve uye dandemutande, mamwe zvipembenene nemhashu, asi nhunzi shoma shoma.Nekukurumidza reflexes kupfuura mimosa, inogona kuvhara musungo wayo mu100 milliseconds.
Inogonawo kuverenga.Kana rimwe rebvudzi rayo rinokonzera rinobatwa, musungo unoramba wakazaruka, asi kana bvudzi rechipiri rinokurudzirwa mukati memasekondi makumi maviri, musungo unovhara.Asina kugutsikana nekuita ikoko, iyo nyama-inodya bog chirimwa chinotevera kuverenga kusvika mashanu.Ndiko kuti, zvinotora mamwe mashanu ebvudzi-zvinokonzeresa kubva kune spider inokwenya isati yavhara iyo airlock nemapombi muhydrochloric acid.Kana ukazobatwa mushaya dzechirimwa chihombe chinodya nyama, yeuka chidzidzo ichi: Usanetseka.Ramba wakamira kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, uye shaya dzichavhurika zvakare.Unogamuchirwa.
Venus flytraps inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzikama kumaodzanyemba kwedu, asi isu tine chirimwa chinobhururuka zvakanyanya kupfuura flytrap.Dwarf dogwood kana bunchberry inowanzoitika maruva emusango ayo anofarira ivhu rakanyorova.Dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mumapoka-akaita senge mat, ine masumbu emaruva matsvuku akajeka, uye maruva anonyadzisa NASA.Ruva rebunchberry rinovhurika mu 0.5 milliseconds, richinzi rinorasa mukume waro pa2,000 kusvika 3,000 nguva yesimba regiravhiti (G), iyo yaizopwanya muzivi wemuchadenga, uyo anowanzonzwa kusapfuura 3G panguva yekuvhurwa.Hapana anoziva kuti sei bunchberry ichiita izvi, kunze kwekungoshamisira, sezvo ichiiswa mukume nemhando dzenyuchi dzakawanda.
Asi chirimwa chiri kukurumidza-kufamba pièce de resistance muti wemuhabhurosi muchena.Kunobva kuChina, kwakapararira pasi rose nokuti kuri madikanwa pakupfuya makonye esirika, ayo kwemakore 4 000 apfuura ave achigadzira sirika yenyika (kwete makonye mamwe chetewo; haararame kwenguva yakareba kudaro).Apo mulberry tree's staminate (chirume) catkins yakanaka uye yakagadzirira, inovhura mu 25 microseconds kana 0.025 milliseconds, ichifambisa pollen yavo paanenge 350 mph, inopfuura hafu yekumhanya kwezwi.Kusiyana nemabhurubheri, mulberries anopepereswa nemhepo, uye anogona kubatsirwa nehurongwa hwayo hwekume-bhomba.
Zvinoshamisa semaitirwo aya, hapana anonyatsoziva maitiro ayo zvinomera zvinofamba nekukurumidza zvekuti kutora mafoto kwepamusoro-soro hakugone kutora mifananidzo yezviitiko zvakakwana.Chatinoda mumwe munhu anokurumidza kupfuura chirimwa chinomhanyisa kuti tiongorore izvi zvakare.Ndinoshamisika kana gamba rekuchembera ringangonyengerwa kuita basa rakadaro.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kunyangwe kana tsananguro yaro chaiyo isiri pamuromo werurimi rwako, munhu wese anowana kudonha kwakawanda kwezvinorehwa neshoko rekuti biogas - kune biology inobatanidzwa, uye mhedzisiro igesi.Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kuti ifunk iri mumhepo mubhazi rakatakura timu yekudya sauerkraut kumba mushure memakwikwi ekupera kwesvondo.Vamwe vangati biogas mazamu emhou, kana kuti mavhuvhu akaora-zai anonhuwa anofamba pamusoro kana tsoka yako yanyura mumachakwi.
Iyo yese mienzaniso yebiogas, iyo inoumbwa zvakanyanya nemethane, CH4, pahuwandu hunobva pa50% kusvika 60%.Methane inobvira zvakanyanya, uye inogona kushandiswa panzvimbo yegasi rechisikigo pakupisa kana kumhanyisa injini dzinopisa mukati mekugadzira magetsi nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.Yakagadzirwa nehutachiona pasi pemamiriro eanaerobic, igasi regreenhouse rine simba rakapetwa makumi maviri nesere pane kabhoni dhaikisaidhi pakuteya kupisa mumhepo yePasi.Icho chokwadi chekuti chinogona kubatsira kana chakasungirirwa asi chine njodzi kana chikaburitswa ndicho chikonzero nei tichifanira kuteya biogas inopihwa nemarara, makomba emupfudze, uye rimwe zuva, pamwe kunyange mombe dzinobhohwa.
Iyo pachayo, methane haina ruvara uye haina hwema, asi inowanzorembera neshamwari dzisina kunaka senge hydrogen sulfide, H2S, iyo inokonzera kunhuhwirira kwezai rakaora ratinoshamwaridzana nefarts uye gasi remachakwi.Haasi ese mabiogas akaenzana — zvinhu zvinopihwa nemarara zvakasvibiswa ne siloxane kubva mumafuta ekuchenesa nezvinosuka, uye mupfudze webiogas unogona kunge uine nitrous oxide, N2O.Siloxane, nitrous oxide, uye hydrogen sulfide magasi ane muchetura pakuwanda, uye anoparadza zvakanyanya.Kazhinji dzinopisa zvisingakuvadzi kana dzichishandiswa kupisa, asi dzinofanira kubviswa kana biogas ichizoshandiswa kupisa injini.
Sezvambotaurwa, methane inoitika kana organic zvinhu zvaora mumamiriro ekushaikwa kweokisijeni.Izvi zvakakonzera kuputika kwebiogas kwakawanda munzvimbo dzinoraswa marara mhiri kweUS neEurope, zvikuru muma1960 nema1970, kunyangwe zviitiko zvakadaro zvakatevedzana muEngland kuma1980 zvakakurudzira mirau yakaomarara munyika iyoyo pakuunganidza biogas.Kuwanda kwekuputika pamarara kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura, asi zvichiri kuitika.Imwe nzvimbo yekurasira marara paWalt Disney World muOrlando yakabatira moto muna 1998. Muna 2006, Mauto eUnited States (awo asingabhadharwi nemitemo yakawanda yezvakatipoteredza) akatamisa mhuri gumi nembiri pedyo neimwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzekare paFort Meade, Maryland nekuda kwehuwandu hwemethane.
Kunyangwe ichipa mabhenefiti senge kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kuburitsa marara biogas kwakakosha kune hutano nekuchengetedzeka.Asi biogas inogadzirwawo nemaune muchinhu chinonzi methane digester, randaifunga kuti nderimwe izwi remombe.Pasinei nezita, zvinhu izvi hazvigaye methane.Asi vanoshandisa mupfudze wemhuka, tsvina yemunisiparati, marara emumba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimukira kugadzira methane, yakawanda yaro ingadai yakaburitswa mumhepo.
Maitiro ekutanga ndeaya: dhizaini isina mhepo inozadzwa nendove yemhuka kana chero chaunofarira kuzadza, uye mushure mechikamu 4-chikamu chebhakitiriya maitiro uye imwe nguva inoguma ne "digested" slurry inogona kushandiswa fetiraiza, uye biogas.Digester tekinoroji inogona kushanda kubva pakukura kwemaindasitiri kusvika kune diki diki yekuseri kwemba inomhanya pamarara epamba.
Panenge pa60% methane, digester biogas ifuel iri nani pane yekurashirwa kwemarara, iyo inoita 50% CH4.Gasi rinobva mugomba rinogona kushandiswa zvakananga pakubika kana kupisa, asi rinofanirwa kugadziriswa risati raiswa kune mamwe mashandisirwo.Pamusoro pekushandiswa kumhanyisa injini dzinopisa mukati, "scrubbed" biogas, iyo inenge yakachena methane, inogona kubaiwa mugiredhi-gasi, kana kudzvanywa uye kutengeswa kumisika iri kure.
Mazuva ano, varimi vezvipfuyo vari kukurudzirwa kuti vaise ma methane digester seimwe nzira yekuwana mari kana kupedza mari yekudziisa.Digester inoderedza kuburitswa kwegreenhouse-gas, uye manyowa anogadzirwa mugasi anochengeta nitrogen yakawanda pane mupfudze unochengetwa mumadhamu asina mhepo.Hakusi kuvhiya huropi, asi kune nzira yekudzidza, pamwe chete nezvinoiswa muvashandi.Pfungwa iyi iri kukurudzirwa iye zvino, asi haisi itsva.
MaChina akabatanidzwa nemethane digestion kubvira munenge muna 1960, uye muma1970 akaparadzira chimwe chinhu chakaita semamiriyoni matanhatu emagetsi edzimba kuvarimi.Pari zvino, madhigirii emumba akajairika muIndia, Pakistan, Nepal, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica.Pachikamu chikuru, Germany ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira gasi rebiogas muEurope, ine 6,000 zvirimwa zvinogadzira magetsi ebiogas.Germany zvakare ine zvinokurudzira uye rubatsiro kune varimi nevamwe kuti vatore tekinoroji ye digester.
Cryo Pur, kambani yeFrance iri muPalaiseau, kunze kweParis, ichangobva kugadzira imwe-danho nzira yekubvisa CO2 uye kumwe kusvibiswa kubva kubiogas uchishandisa cryogenics.Nekuda kwekunyanya kuderera tembiricha, biogas inonyungudika mukuita, izvo zvinobvumira kuti itumirwe zvakanyanya zvakachengeteka.
Cornell Cooperative Extension ichaita musangano wakadzama wepurazi diki rebiogas munguva ino yechando.Kirasi ichadzokororwa pamazuva matatu akasiyana paCornell Cooperative Extension Learning Farm, 2043 State Highway 68, Canton.Kunyange yakanangidzirwa kumapurazi madiki emukaka, zvipfuyo & vagadziri vehorticulture, uye avo vanofarira mune imwe nzira yekugadzira simba vanogamuchirwa.Vatori vechikamu vanogona kusarudza rimwe remazuva matatu aya: Chitatu, Zvita 5, 2018 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM, China, Kukadzi 7, 2019, 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM, kana Chitatu, Kurume 6, 2019, 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM.
Makirasi emahara uye anosanganisira mari shoma pamwe nekudya.Kunyoresa kunodiwa.Kuti unyore kana kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, fonera Cornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County pa (315) 379-9192.
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvese nezve madiki-adiki methane digesters, asi sekuziva kwangu hapana wekunyatso shandisa wega.Kana iwe wakadya sauerkraut yakawandisa iwe unongofanira kurega kugaya kuchimhanya.Kure kune vamwe ndapota.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Mudzimai wangu wefrancophone anowanzo kunakidzwa pandinotanga kudzidza kudzidza, senge nguva yandakataura connard pandakareva canard.Kune vatauri veChirungu-mutauro mumwe kunze uko, canard zvinoreva dhadha, nepo rough yakaenzana neconnard ishoko rine nhetembo ne "spithead," uye kuti haudi kuti vana vako vataure.Asi uko mallards uye mamwe madhadha-dhadha ane hanya, iwo maviri ane hukama.Iyo drake (murume) inogona kunge iri mhedziso connard dzimwe nguva.
Nheyo yaDarwin yekuti "kupona kweakasimba kwazvo" haisi nguva dzose pamusoro pekuti ndiani anokunda muhondo yemhashu kana makwikwi ekurwira maoko.Kusimba kunoreva kunyatsoenderana nemhoteredzo yomunhu kuti ararame kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti abereke uye nokudaro kupfuudza DNA yomunhu.Kupfuura zvimwe zvose, zvinoreva kuva anochinjika.
Dhidhi, pamwe ndiro dhadha rinonyanya kuzivikanwa muNorth America nedhireki rine musoro wakasvibira wakasvibira, bhiri reorenji rakajeka uye prim white collar, rinogona kunge riri iro rakasimba kupfuura mamwe marudzi ose.Asi izvo, University yeAlberta biologist Lee Foote akavadaidza kuti "Chevy Impala yemadhadha."Kune avo vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu, Impala yaimbove yakajairika yaive yechinangwa chese, ingangoita bullet-proof sedan.
Native kuNorth neCentral America, Eurasia neNorth Africa, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) yakaunzwa kuSouth America, Australia, New Zealand, uye South Africa.Inogona kunge yakanyanya kushanda kunyangwe kupfuura iyo Impala.International Union for Conservation of Nature, boka rakazvipira kukuchengetedza zviwanikwa, rinoronga (dhadha, kwete motokari) se“marudzi asinganyanyi kunetseka.”Iri zita rinonzwika kuva rokusakendenga, asi kune kunetseka munzvimbo dzakadai seSouth Africa neNew Zealand, uko mallards azova anoparadza.
Kusiyana nemotokari, uko mahybrids akanaka asi asingawanzo kusununguka, mallard hybrids akajairika zvekuti mamwe madhadha anogona kukurumidza kutsakatika semarudzi akasiyana.Kazhinji, chinhu chinotsanangudza cherudzi inyaya yekuti haikwanise kuyambuka nemamwe marudzi kuti ibereke vana, kana kuti kwete kubereka.Mallards, sezviri pachena, haana kuverenga mabhuku.Ndinozvivenga kana zvisikwa zvikadaro.
Mallard hyper-hybridization imhaka yekuti vakashanduka mukupera kwePleistocene, ichangoburwa mune evolutionary mazwi.Mallards nehama dzavo "chete" vanotanga mazana mashoma ezviuru zvemakore.Mhuka dzakavamba mamiriyoni emakore apfuura dzakava nenguva yekupararira uye kugadzira zvigadziriso zvakasiyana, kazhinji kusanganisira kuchinja kwemuviri uye maitiro izvo zvinoita kuti dzisapindirane nemhando dzakambobatana.
Mallards anowanzo sangana nemadhadha matema ekuAmerica, asiwo anoberekana nedzimwe mhando gumi nembiri, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kana kutsakatika kwemarudzi.Sekureva kweGlobal Invasive Species Database (GISD), "Nekuda kwekuita [kwekuberekesa mallard], dhadha rekuMexico harichatorwa semhando uye isingasviki 5% yemadhadha egrey asina kusanganiswa eNew Zealand achiripo."
Mallards imhando yedhadha kana dhadha rinotamba-tamba, rinoisa misoro pasi pemvura kuti ridye mamollusks, makonye nehonye, kusiyana nekunyura mushure memhuka.Dzinodyawo mhodzi, huswa nezvinomera zvemumvura.Sezvo vakanyatsojairana nevanhu, vanoratidzika sevanongofarira kutora chingwa chemazuva-kare mumapaki eguta.
Nzira yavo yekubatana, kunyange isiri iyo inokonzera kubudirira kwavo, inogona kunge iri chiratidzo chayo.Muchikamu chinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe kubva muzana chemarudzi eshiri dzepasi, kukwirana chinhu chipfupi, chekunze apo zvinhu zvemukono zvinopfuudzwa kuhadzi nedziviri dzichibata musana wadzo zvinoguma pamwe chete izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti (nevanhu kanenge) "cloacal kiss. ”The cloaca inzira yeshiri inovhura iyo inoshandiswa kupfuudza mazai, tsvina uye chero, sezvinodiwa.Iyi PG-13 kuita inonzwika chero chinhu kunze kwerudo.
Mamwe madhadha akaenda kune imwe yakanyanyisa, achitamba muX-yakayerwa, bonde rechisimba.Varume vedhadha vanogona kuve nenhengo dzakareba kupfuura miviri yavo, izvo zvinoisa zvinhu mugwara kune isu vakomana.Zvakare, huwandu hwemallard drakes hunoenderana nehuku yega yega, dzimwe nguva kamwechete, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera kukuvara kana (kashoma) kufa kwemukadzi.
Izvi zvinoita senzira yakaipa yekumhanyisa mhuka, nemadrakes achiuraya huku.Asi pane imwe pfungwa pazviri.Vanhukadzi vakaonekwa vachiunganidza madhadha echirume anoita kunge asina chinhu chiri nani chekuita.Chikonzero chinoita kuti huku yehuku yeruzevha imhanye kumhanyidzana kuti iite kuti vamutevere zvine chekuita neupenyu.Kusiyana nehanzi rekuCanada, rinozivikanwa kurarama makore gumi kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu muzvisikwa, mallards emusango ane avhareji yehupenyu hwemakore 3-5.Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chepamusoro chehadzi, dzinotanga kubereka pazera remakore maviri, dzichasangana kamwe chete muupenyu hwavo.Kusangana kwakawanda kunoita kuti mazai ehuku abereke.
Uye vasikana-madhadha vane nzira yakavanzika-kana imwe huku yawana kutarisa kwevakomana, inogona kutora duckling-baba.Kana murume asingamukodzeri, anotungamira nhengo yeakarasa-drake mumukadzi akafa kusvika apedza, copulation fake-out.Mutambi ane rombo rakanaka achabvumidzwa kufamba mayadhi mapfumbamwe.Saka kutaura-ini ndinokahadzika kuti yakareba kudaro.
Zviripachena, mallards haadi rubatsiro rwedu kutsvaga chikafu.Muzviitiko zvakawanda haisi pfungwa yakanaka (uye mitemo yemunharaunda inogona kuirambidza) kudyisa shiri dzemvura, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kusvibiswa kwemvura nezvirwere, kunyange zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa vanhu.Kunonzi “kusvuuka kwevashahwi,” utachiona hwedhadha hunogona kubata vanoenda kumahombekombe egungwa, ndihwo hushoma pavari.The GISD inoti “… mallards ndiwo anonyanya kufambisa utachiona hweH5N1 [furuu yeshiri] sezvo achiburitsa huwandu hwakanyanya hwehutachiwana pane mamwe madhadha asi achiita seasina mvumo… inopa batano kushiri dzomusango, mhuka dzinopfuyiwa, uye vanhu zvichiita kuti ive utachiona hwakakwana hwoutachiona hunouraya.”
Hupenyu hupfupi hwemallards hwakaita kuti mhuka dzigadzire mazano anosanganisira maitiro ehasha.Isu vanhu hatina chikonzero chakadaro.Zvingava dhadha kana tikabvumirana kuti tisamboita senge connard, asi izvo hazvisi zvechokwadi munyika yakaoma.Zvichida tingaedza kuva nemitauro miviri.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kana nyaya yehungwaru hwemhuka ikauya, tinogona kukakavara kuti gunguwo kana kuti parrot ndiyo yakangwara here, kana kuti ma dolphin akangwara kupfuura manatee.Kashoma isu tinopa hungwaru kune zvipenyu zvakaita sezvipembenene, zvirimwa kana fungi.Uye kashoma chaizvo kuti tibvunze hukuru hwedu hwenjere pakati pemhuka.Ichokwadi kuti hapana mamwe marudzi anogona kunongedzera kuzvinhu zvikuru zvakabudirira zvakadai seColosseum, mvura ine acid, gasi retsinga uye mabhomba eatomu.Asi hazvireve kuti mamwe marudzi ane shiri-brained.Kudimikira kutaura.
Zvine musoro kuti nzou nemawhale ma whiz-vana, zvichipihwa hukuru hwemisoro yavo.Zvichienderana nemhando, huropi hwewhale hunorema pakati pe12 ne18 pounds (5.4-8 kg.), uye Dumbo's cranium yaizoita kuti chikero chisvike pa11 lbs.(5.1 kg.).Kuenzaniswa nadzo, uropi hwedu hunorema makirogiramu 1,3 mbatatisi duku.Chii chinosiyanisa huropi hwemhuka kubva kune mamwe makirasi emhuka ndeye neocortex, nzvimbo yekunze yehuropi inotarisira mabasa epamusoro akadai semutauro uye kufunga kusinganzwisisike.
Asi saizi handiyo yega chinhu chakakosha.Maneocortices edu, kusiyana neaya emhuka zhinji, akanyanya convoluted, zvinoreva kuti tinoita zvese nenzira yakaoma kupfuura zvinodiwa.Chaizvoizvo, convolution inopa huropi hwedu yakawanda real estate nehuwandu-sokunge Texas yaive rug uye yakakwenenzverwa kusvika pakukura kweVermont.Acreage yakawanda yaizokwana munzvimbo diki dai pasina chinhu kunze kwemipata nemakomo.Nzvimbo huru iyi inoenzana nesimba rekugadzirisa zvakanyanya pane huropi hwakapetwa zvishoma kunge hwewhale.
Kugona kugadzira uye kushandisa maturusi, uye kuatakura kuti ashandiswe mune ramangwana, ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvinogamuchirwa zvehungwaru.Kare, zvaifungwa kuti vanhu chete nehama dzedu dzepedyo dzetsoko dzaishandisa maturusi.Mamwe magorira emuBorneo anoshandisa tsvimbo kupfura catfish, uye magorila ekumavirira akaonekwa achishandisa kamuti kuyera kudzika kwemvura.Pane imwe nguva, gorilla rakashandisa danda kugadzira zambuko kuti riyambuke rukova.Ndinofunga kuti kana vakatanga kubhadharisa mari, taivapa ruremekedzo rukuru.
Nguva pfupi yadarika chete hungwaru hwemacephalopods senge cuttlefish, squid uye octopodes zvakanyorwa.Octopodes akacherechedzwa achitsvaga makanda akaraswa ekokonati uye achiashandisa kuvaka nhare dzegungwa dzemhando dzekuvanda.Kana kugona kwavo nematurusi kuchienderera mberi, ndinobheja kuti vaigona kuruka juzi rinotyisa pasina nguva.
Shiri dzinoshandisawo maturusi—makunguwo, semuenzaniso, anoshandisa tsvimbo kukwenya tsikidzi dzaasingakwanise kusvika.Chipembenene chikaruma chimuti, gunguwo rinokweva chimuti chobva chadya tsikidzi.Vanhu vaigara vachifunga kuti shiri dzakanga dzisina kungwara nokuti pfungwa dzavo dzinorema magiramu mashomanana, uye dzinobva pakukura kwepea kusvika pamwe nehukuru hwehudyu.Zvakanaka, takatofanira kudya gunguwo, nekuti njere dzeshiri dzakanyanya kusimba kupfuura pfungwa dzemhuka.Zvakaita sekunge taifananidza huropi hweshiri nehombe yevacuum-tubhu yehuropi hwemunhu uye kunyomba, asi chokwadi shiri zhinji dzinoedza kuenzanirana nemaprimate kuti dzive nehungwaru.
Isu tinoziva kuti nyuchi dzinoshandisa rudzi rwekududzira dhanzi nyuchi kutaurirana kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo yemaruva uye mapikicha.nyuchi dzedu dzekuzvarwa dzinoita kunge dzine imwe padziri.Muna 2016, vaongorori vepaQueen Mary University yeLondon vakawana kuti nyuchi dzakadzidza mukati memaminitsi mashoma nzira yekukungurutsira bhora mugomba diki kuti vawane mubairo wemvura-shuga.Ini ndinofungidzira kuti vaongorori vava kubatikana nemitambo yegorofu yebumblebee.
Kunyange miriwo inogona kudzidza maitiro matsva.Miedzo yakaratidza mhinduro dzePavlovian apo chiedza nezvimwe zvinokurudzira zvinounzwa pamwechete kubva kumakona akasiyana.Zvirimwa zvechokwadi zvichakura munzira yechiedza.Asi mwenje pawakadzimwa, zvirimwa zvakarerekera kune zvimwe zvinokurudzira, sezvakaita imbwa dzaPavlov dzakamedzerwa mate padzakanzwa mabhero.Ndinofungidzira kuti nguva yezororo rechando yaiodza mwoyo kune vaya vanorara.
Vanhu, matsoko, squid, shiri, tsikidzi, uye miti—hapana kumwe kwokuenda kunze kwokudzika.Pinda mu plasmodial slime mold, chipenyu chinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma chinokwanisa kuongorora nzvimbo, kuwana chikafu chepamusoro, uye kuchiputira, chichikura zvakanyanya.Ndirikuuya kuimba yemitambo iri padyo newe.Inonzwika kunge firimu re-sci-fi, uye blob repingi, yero kana chena slime mold, pamwe sikweya yadhi munzvimbo, inoita seyakasiyana.Vanowanzogara munzvimbo dzakasvibirira masango, asi vanogona kuoneka pamubhedha wako wemaruva, uye shamwari yakambotumira pikicha yeslime mold yakanga yamedza doro rake risina chinhu rakasiiwa kunze kwehusiku humwe.
Vatsvagiri vakaona kuti plasmodial slime mold inoshandisa yakaoma algorithms kuita sarudzo - zvine musoro, zvinobuda - maererano negwara rekuenderera mberi sezvainotsvedza munzvimbo.Mumwe wevaongorori vanotungamira muchidzidzo che2015 ndiSimon Garnier, Mubatsiri Purofesa weBiology kuNew Jersey Institute of Technology.Akataura kuti "[kudzidza slime molds] zvinopokana nemafungiro edu ehushoma hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinodikanwa pakuita hunhu hwakaoma."
Pamwe yave nguva yekuti tinyatsoteerera hama dzedu dzisiri vanhu.Ndinobheja kuti vane zvakawanda zvavanotidzidzisa.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kuora kwemwedzi kunenge kwakajairika pane kubviswa nekukurumidza kwechirimwa chinoparadza chirimwa, asi zvigunwe zvakayambuka kuti chinhu chakadaro chakaitika muSt. Lawrence County zhizha rino.Kupedzwa kwechirimwa, ndinoreva-isu tose tinoziva nezvechiitiko chekudenga muna Chikunguru apfuura, kutanga kwemwedzi wepakati kubva munaJune 2011. Nekuda kwemaziso akapinza aDr. Tony Beane, Purofesa weVeterinary Science paSUNY Canton uyo ariwo avid naturalist, muzambiringa unoshamisa unokwanisa kupfutidza minda nemasango wakabviswa mukati memavhiki ekusimbiswa kwawo munzvimbo yeOgdensburg.
Inowanzonzi porcelain berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), hapana "brev" pamusoro pezita rechiLatini, kana tsika yekukura, yemuzambiringa une hukasha wehuni unogona kukurumidza kufukidza zvinomera pedyo nehova uye kumucheto kwesango, kuuraya zvirimwa zveko uye kuderedza kubereka patsva.Yakarambidzwa mumatunhu mazhinji, uye yakanyorwa se "Zvinhu Zvakarambidzwa" neNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), zvichireva kuti "haigone kuve iine chinangwa chekutengesa, kupinza, kutenga, kutakura kana kusuma. ”Zvinosuruvarisa, kutsvaga kwewebhu kuchiri kuburitsa akawanda ekushambadzira kuti utenge muzambiringa uyu, kunyangwe kana "invasive" ichiwedzerwa kumatanho ekutsvaga.
Kuwanikwa kweberry berry kuchamhembe kweNY kwakaendeswa kuSt. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario Partnership yeRegional Invasive Species Management (SLELO PRISM), boka remapoka ekuchengetedza, matrust evhu, uye masangano ehurumende pamatanho akasiyana ane chinangwa chekumisa. kukuvadzwa kweupfumi nemhoteredzo kunoitwa nemiti inoparadza, tumbuyu, uye zvipenyu zvomumvura.Pamusoro pezvitsitsinho zvaDr.Chirevo chaBeane, SLELO PRISM's Early Detection Team yakashanyira saiti, uye zvidyarwa zvaparadzwa.Chikwata ichi chinoronga kuita kushanya kwekutevera mumwaka mishoma inotevera kutsvaga kukura patsva.
Native kuJapan uye zvikamu zvekuchamhembe kweChina, porcelain berry yakatanga kuunzwa kuUS kutenderera 1870 sechishongo.Iyo ine hukama neyekuzvarwa kwedu mazambiringa emusango, ayo anogona kuvhiringidzika nyore nyore.Kusiyana nemuzambiringa, uyo une shaggy, exfoliating bark uye pith yebrown, porcelain berry muzambiringa une bark yakatsetseka, ine lenticeled (yakaoma kana yasakara asi isiri exfoliation), uye pith jena.Maberry akaoma, ane mavara akasiyana-siyana ayo anotumidzwa zita racho kufambira mberi kubva palavender kuenda kugirinhi kusvika kublue yakajeka paanoibva, uye haana kurembera semazambiringa, asi anobatwa akati twasu.Porcelain berry mashizha anowanzo kudzika 5-lobed kana achienzaniswa nemashizha emuzambiringa, ayo anowanzo kuve ane 3-lobed uye kwete seyakadzama incised, asi izvi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya uye idambudziko rekuongorora.
Kunyange zvazvo kupedzwa kwezvipenyu zvinoparadza zvisina kumbobvira zvamboonekwa muNyika Yokuchamhembe kuchifadza, vanhu vanokurudzirwa kugara vakatarira porcelain berry.Zvibereko zvayo zvinodyiwa neshiri, uye mhodzi kubva kune iyi inozivikanwa vagari vaigona kutakurwa nyore nyore kune dzimwe nzvimbo kuchamhembe kweNYS.Kana iwe uchifunga kuti ungave wawana chirimwa ichi, ndapota chiudze kune yako iri pedyo Cornell Cooperative Extension kana NYSDEC hofisi.Rondedzero yakazara yeNYSDEC Yakadzorwa uye Yakarambidzwa Zvisikwa inogona kuwanikwa pa dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/isprohibitedplants2.pdf.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kudzora zvinopinda munzvimbo yeSt. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario, shanya sleloinvasives.org
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Kudyara muti haisi rocket science, chinhu chakanaka.Dai zvaive zvakaoma kudaro, ndaibheja tingadai tine miti mishoma yakatenderedza migwagwa yedu.Zvinogona kunge zvisingatore musayendisiti kudyara muti nemazvo, asi mari yakawanda inoshandiswa gore rega rega kutenga nekudyara miti iyo inogona kukweretwa, nekuti ivo vanongorarama chikamu chidiki chehupenyu hwavo.
Apo miti inoderera uye kufa mushure memakore gumi nemashanu, makumi maviri, kana kunyange makumi matatu, chinhu chekupedzisira chatinofungidzira kudyara kusina maturo.Kunyange zvazvo miti yemiti yakaita segomo-ash uye birch ine hupenyu hupfupi, shuga mepu kana muoki mutsvuku unofanirwa kugara makore zana kana kupfuura.Asi kazhinji, mhuka yenguva refu inopera pamakumi maviri nekuti yakasimwa "inokurumidza uye yakasviba."Unogona kuwana mienzaniso yemiti iri kuderera sezera-kirasi mukuvandudzwa kwedzimba, uye kunyanya munzira huru uko makondirakiti akatsiva miti yakatemwa kuti migwagwa igadziriswe.Mumwe angafungawo nezvekuroja miti yakadaro, kwete kutenga.
Kudyara kwakadzika kunogadza danho remuti unorwara, uyo kazhinji unoenda kumugumo usingatarisirwi.Muti wega wega unouya ne "depth gauge" inobatsira inonzi trunk flare, iyo inofanirwa kungoonekwa pamusoro pegiredhi revhu rekutanga.Kudyara zvakanyanya kunotungamirira kumatambudziko makuru ehutano mune ramangwana.Kumuti, kunyanya.Heino arborist joke: Chii chaunoti gomba rekudyara rakadzika-mamita matatu pamuti?Guva rayo.
Tichifunga madhiri ayo, midzi yemiti inotambanudzira ka2-3 kureba kwebazi, kana mutsara wekudonha, asi 90% yacho ichange iri pamusoro pegumi” yevhu.Kuti uratidze chokwadi ichi, gomba rekudyara rinofanira kunge rakafanana nesasosi uye 2-3 nguva yedhayamita yemidzi yemidzi, asi kwete yakadzika-nguva dzose.Zvikasadaro Mapurisa eKudyara achakupa tikiti.Zvakanaka iyo ingano, asi kana arborist akaitika, anogona kunyomba.
Kana muti unocherwa mukireshi, midzi yawo mizhinji inotemwa nefoshoro remuti rinoshandiswa kuuchera.Izwi rekuti transplant shock rinoreva uku kuparara kunotyisa kwemidzi.Zviripachena, miti inogona kurarama nekusimwa, asi inoda kuve nemamiriro akakodzera ekukurazve midzi.Izvo zvakakosha kuti midzi yekudyara ikwanise kupinda muvhu rakatenderedza, sezvo chero chipingamupinyi chidiki chinogona kuvakurudzira kuti vatendeuke vachitsvaga pekuvhura.Ivhu rakamanikana—rakajairika mumigwagwa—pamwe chete nevhu rinorema mienzaniso.
Kunyangwe burlap yakatenderedza mudzi bhora yakaratidzwa kuita kuti midzi itenderere mukati mejira.Waya matanga akatenderedza burlap anogona kugara makumi emakore, uye anowanzo tungamira kune mamwe matambudziko sezvo midzi inokura.Kana muti uchinge wasvika pakadzika chaimo mugomba, bvisa bhurugwa rese pamwe nekeji yewaya kubva kubhora-ne-burlap miti.Midzi yemiti yakasimwa mumidziyo inoda kutsvinyirwa.Kana zvichidiwa, vacheke kuti vaite izvi.Nokufamba kwenguva, midzi inotenderera inowedzera muhupamhi uye inosungirirana.Mimwe inopedzisira yava midzi inosunga hunde, pamwe zvishoma kana kuti chose, pazasi pevhu, uye zviratidzo zvekushushikana zvakaita seruvara rwekutanga kudonha uye kufa kwedavi kunoonekwa.
Kusarudza kwakakosha.Kufanana nevana, miti inotaridzika zvakanaka paunovaunza kumba kubva kukireshi, asi vanogona kukura nekukurumidza uye kutora nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura yawaitarisira.Kana saiti iri pasi pewaya kana yakaganhurirwa nzvimbo yematavi, iwe unofanirwa kutora mhando uye dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kukura yakazara-saizi pasina kukonzera kukakavara.Sarudza muti wakasimba kunzvimbo-zvimwe zvitoro zvinogona kutakura miti isinganyatsoenderana nemamiriro ekunze kwaunogara.Uye haisi miti yese ine zuva.Mepu inogona kumira zvishoma yemumvuri, asi ganda rine mumvuri rinogona kuita crabby.Chekupedzisira, miti yakaita sehawthorn, hackberry uye Kentucky coffeetree ine aesthetic kufarira dormancy, kufunga kwakapihwa nguva yedu yechando yakareba.
Nejecha rakanyanyisa kana ivhu revhu rinorema, huwandu hwepakati hwezvinhu zvakasimukira hunogona kuvandudza kuseri.Asi zvinopfuura 30% nevhoriyamu zvinogona kukonzera "teacup effect," zvichikonzera kudzipwa kwemidzi.Fertilizer inonetsa pamiti mitsva, saka mirira kanenge gore pane izvozvo.Muvhu rine utano, miti inogona kusada fetereza yekutengeserana.
Mvura paunenge uchizadza kumashure, uchidzura ivhu netsvimbo kana mubato wefoshoro kuti ubvise homwe huru dzemhepo.Kunze kwekunge nzvimbo ine mhepo yakanyanya kunaka kusarovera miti-inoda kufamba kuti hunde dzakasimba dzikure.Mulching 2-4 inches yakadzika pamusoro penzvimbo yekudyara (kwete kubata hunde) ichabatsira kuchengetedza unyoro uye kudzvinyirira sora.
Nehuwandu hwemutengo uye kushanda nesimba, zvinogoneka kudyara muenzaniso wevazukuru vazukuru vedu vanogona kunongedzera nekuzvikudza.Kana kuti, tinogona kudyara muti wakafanana unobuda kunze tisati taenda pamudyandigere.Ingori nyaya yebasa remumba, uye kutarisa kune mashoma mashoma.Hapana sainzi yeroketi, nerombo rakanaka.
Kana uchida kudzidza kudyara miti iyo vazukuru vako vanogona kunongedza nayo nokudada, tapota batana neSt. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District neCornell Cooperative Extension musi weMugovera, Gumiguru 13 kubva na9 am kusvika masikati muCanton's Bend-In- Iyo-River Park pa90 Lincoln Street yemusangano wekudyara miti nekuchengeta.Kirasi yacho ndeyemahara uye yakavhurika kune veruzhinji, asi kufanonyoresa kunokumbirwa.Kuti unyorese kana kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, fonera Aaron Barrigar paSt. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District pa (315) 386-3582.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
Mazhinji nightshades akachengeteka uye anonaka, uye anofamba zvakanaka mumasengweji uye sosi.Vashoma vanouraya, vanodyirwa zvakanyanya nematsotsi, asi mazhinji ari munzvimbo ine grey pakati pezviviri izvi zvakanyanyisa.Pasi rose, kune marudzi anosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana manomwe mumhuri yenightshade, inozivikanwa se solanaceae kuLatin geeks.Boka iri rinosanganisira zvirimwa zvinonaka zvakaita sematomatisi, mbatatisi, eggplant, mhiripiri, uye tomatillos.Inoumbwawo muchidimbu nemavara ane shady akadai sejimsonweed uye anouraya nightshade ayo aita manyama amire nerongo nerufu, zvese netsaona uye nemaune, munhoroondo yese.
Nightshades aripo pamakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica, kunyangwe Australia neSouth America dzine kusiyana kukuru, uye huwandu hwakazara, hwezvipenyu.Fodya ndeimwe yeanonyanya kukosha mune zvehupfumi nightshades, nepo dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri, semuenzaniso petunias nemarambi eChinese, zvinorunga mayadhi edu.Ruzhinji rwema nightshades marudzi emusango, mamwe acho akashandiswa senzvimbo dzemishonga kwemireniyamu.
Zvinoita sekuti izwi rekuti "sumac" rinotangirwa ne"chepfu" mupfungwa dzevazhinji, zvinosiririsa nekuti zvese zvatinoona mumigwagwa nemumafenzi hazvikuvadzi zvachose.Poison sumac, inoda mvura yakamira, igwenzi rinopenya-rine tsinga rine mabheri anodonha machena.Inogona kukonzera chepfu ivy-kunge rash, asi imhando isingawanzo.Kusvika pamwero wakatokura, munhu wese anotora izwi rekuti "nightshade" rinogara richiuya mushure mezwi rekuti "zvinouraya."
Zviripachena, chikamu chedambudziko nderimwe remhando.Iyo "chaiyo" inouraya nightshade (Atropa belladonna) yakakodzera zita rayo.Berry rimwe chete rinogona kuuraya mwana, uye 8-10 berries kana shizha rimwe chete rinokwana kuuraya munhu mukuru.Muchetura wetsaona unogona kuitika nekuti ma berries epepuru ane hood anonaka, uye anogona kudyiwa nevana kana vakuru.Chigadzirwa chacho chakashandiswawo nemaune senzira yekuuraya vavengi vezvematongerwo enyika nevaroorani vasina kutendeka.Muchiitiko chimwe chete, boka rose revarwi rakaparadzwa newaini inotapira yakarungwa neA. belladonna berry extract (rubatsiro runobatsira: usagamuchira zvinwiwa kubva kumadzimambo evavengi kana vamwe vanhu vausingazivi zvakanaka).
Nekudaro, nightshade inouraya inofarira nzvimbo dzakadzikama kana dzepasi, uye haizivikanwe kuti inoitika kuchamhembe kweNY.Chatinowanzo kudaidza kuti “deadly nightshade” ndechemuno bittersweet nightshade, Solanum dulcamara, mhodzi dzacho dzine muchetura zvishoma.Asi isu tine nightshade ine njodzi, jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) inozivikanwawo sedhiyabhorosi-apuro kana mad-apuro.Zvose zvikamu zvechirimwa zvine chepfu, asi kunyanya mbeu.Native kuMexico neCentral America, uswa uhwu hwegore negore hune maruva marefu, machena, akaita sefunnel uye mapodhi anotaridzika anoshamisa, uye anogona kuwanikwa achizadza mafuro nemabhanga.
Manightshades ese ane huwandu hweatropine, scopolamine, nemamwe macommunication ayo muhuwandu hwemaminiti ane mashandisirwo ekurapa, asi ane njodzi zvakanyanya pamadhora makuru.Mukati memiganhu mitete zvikuru, makemikoro aya akashandiswawo pakuzvivaraidza.Zvinosuruvarisa, kumwe kuchetura kunokonzerwa nevanhu vanodya A. belladonna, D. stramonium, nemamwe manightshades ane kunyanya kuwanda kwekemikari yakadai nekutenda kusina kururama kuti vanogona kukwira.Chirimwa chiri munzvimbo imwe chinogona kuve chine muchetura kakawanda semhando imwe chete inokura pane imwe saiti, uye hapana nzira kunze kwekuongorora kwerabhoritari yekutaura.
Ganda rembatatisi rakavhenekerwa nechiedza rinoshanduka rakasvibira, zvichiratidza kuti mamwe masikirwo ane chepfu akaunganidza.Ngozi idiki, asi kuti uve parutivi rwakachengetedzeka idzi dzinofanira kuraswa.Mishonga inogona kupinda munyama, uye kubvisa zvikamu zvakasvibirira hazvina kukwana kubvisa zvachose njodzi kune vacheche kana vakwegura.Saizvozvowo, pane ngozi shoma pakudya chitsama chiduku cheshizha rematomatisi kana kuti mbatatisi, asi kana pane vana, tumira mibvunzo yose kunzvimbo inodzivirira chepfu.Nakidzwa nemuriwo wenightshades, asi siyana neawo ane mimvuri.
Paul Hetzler inyanzvi yemasango uye mudzidzisi wehorticulture uye zviwanikwa zvepanyama neCornell Cooperative Extension yeSt. Lawrence County.
©Nyika yekuMaodzanyemba Vhiki Ino PO Box 975, 4 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13676 315-265-1000 [email protected]
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-27-2020