Mu Chemical process Industries (CPI), kulekanitsa kwakukulu kumachitika kudzera m'mizere ya distillation.Ndipo, pamene zina zonsezo zidalira mizati imeneyo, kusagwira ntchito, zolepheretsa ndi zotsekera zimakhala zovuta.Poyesa kusunga njira zopangira distillation - ndi mbewu zina zonse - zikuyenda mozungulira, zida zamkati zikusinthidwa ndikusinthidwanso kuti zithandizire kukonza bwino ndi kudalirika kwa mizati.

"Kaya ndikuyenga, kukonza mankhwala kapena kupanga mapulasitiki, kulekanitsa kwakukulu kwa mankhwala achilengedwe kumachitika ndi distillation.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali kukakamizidwa kosalekeza kwa makina opanga mankhwala kuti apange njira zawo zogulira ndalama, "akutero Izak Nieuwoudt, mkulu wa zaumisiri wa Koch-Glitsch (Wichita, Kan.; www.koch-glitsch.com)."Chifukwa zipilala zopangira ma distillation ndizogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso chifukwa anthu safuna kuwononga nthawi yambiri akukonza zida, kukulitsa luso komanso kudalirika kwa mizati kuli patsogolo pakali pano."

Nthawi zambiri pakangotha ​​​​ndondomeko, mapurosesa amapeza kuti mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera, akutero Antonio Garcia, woyang'anira kupititsa patsogolo bizinesi ndi AMACS Process Tower Internals (Arlington, Tex.; www.amacs.com)."Kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zamagetsi, ayenera kufufuza zomwe angasankhe kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yotumiza anthu ambiri," akutero."Kuphatikiza apo, mapurosesa nthawi zambiri amafunafuna njira zothetsera vutoli kuti athe kupatukana bwino komanso zofunikira zamphamvu ndipo kuyipitsa ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovuta, chifukwa chake kupeza matekinoloje omwe amathandizira pankhaniyi ndikofunikiranso."

Mabotolo ndi nthawi yopumira chifukwa cha zoyipa kapena zovuta zamakina, monga kugwedezeka kapena njira zomwe zili mkati mwamipingo yomwe ikugawanika, zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri."Ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri nthawi iliyonse mukatseka chigawo cha distillation, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kutsekedwa kwa mayunitsi okwera ndi otsika," akutero Nieuwoudt."Ndipo, kuzimitsa kosakonzekera kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu patsiku."

Pachifukwa ichi, opanga zida zamkati akupanga zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zithandizire mapurosesa kuti awonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kudalirika.

Kusintha ma tray wamba ndi zopakira ndi zatsopano, zotsogola nthawi zambiri ndizofunikira kwa purosesa yomwe ikufuna kuchita bwino kwambiri, mphamvu ndi kudalirika, kotero opanga amayang'ana nthawi zonse kuti apititse patsogolo zopereka zawo.

Mwachitsanzo, Raschig GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany; www.raschig.com) posachedwapa yatulutsa Raschig Super-Ring Plus, kulongedza kwatsopano, kochita bwino kwambiri komwe kumaposa momwe Raschig Ring yapita."Kapangidwe kabwino ka Raschig Super-Ring Plus kumathandizira kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu nthawi zonse," akutero Micheal Schultes, director director ku Raschig."Zogulitsazo ndi zotsatira za chitukuko cha mapangidwe otengera zaka zambiri za kafukufuku.Cholinga chake chinali kukhalabe ndi zabwino zonse za Super-Ring, koma kuwongolera mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono. "

Zotsatira zake zimachepetsa kutsika kwamphamvu pokonza mizere yosalala ya sinusoidal kukhala yotseguka kwambiri, imakulitsa mphamvu ndi makonda oyenda filimu pamakonzedwe opitilira a sinusoidal-strip, kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito pochepetsa mapangidwe adontho mkati mwazonyamula ndikuchepetsa chizolowezi choyipa pochepetsa kukula kwa madontho ndikupereka kutsika. kutsika kwamphamvu.Fouling tilinazo komanso yafupika ndi kupanga mosalekeza madzi mafilimu, kunyowetsa lonse kulongedza zinthu.

Momwemonso, AMACS yakhala ikuchita kafukufuku kuti ipititse patsogolo malonda ake a SuperBlend."Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pochotsa kulongedza kwachisawawa komwe kulipo ndi SuperBlend 2-PAC yathu, mphamvu ya nsanja imatha kuwonjezeka ndi 20% kapena mphamvu ndi 15%," akutero Moize Turkey, manejala, engineering engineering, ndi AMACS.Ukadaulo wa SuperBlend 2-PAC ndi wophatikizika wamasaizi apamwamba onyamula omwe amayikidwa pabedi limodzi."Timaphatikiza miyeso iwiri yabwino kwambiri yachitsulo chosasinthika geometry ndipo, ikaphatikizidwa, kuphatikizika kovomerezeka kumakwaniritsa phindu la kukula kwapang'onopang'ono, ndikusunga mphamvu ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kukula kwake," akutero.Bedi losakanizidwa limalimbikitsidwa kuti likhale loyamwa ndi kuvula, kusungunula mankhwala abwino, makina opangira zitsulo ndi mwayi wobwezeretsanso mwayi uliwonse kapena nsanja yotumizira kutentha yochepetsedwa ndi kulongedza kwachisawawa kwa m'badwo wachitatu kapena wachitatu.

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa ogwira nawo ntchito akukonzedwanso kuti athandize pazovuta monga zonyansa ndi zovuta.

"Kudalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuganizira za tsiku ndi tsiku.Ngakhale chipangizo chimagwira ntchito bwino chotani, ngati sichingathe kulimbana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuchitika, sizingapambane,” akutero Mark Pilling, manejala waukadaulo ku USA ndi Sulzer (Winterthur, Switzerland; www.sulzer. com)."Sulzer wathera nthawi yochuluka kwambiri pazaka zisanu zapitazi akupanga mzere wathunthu wa zida zosagwira ntchito zoyipa."M'ma tray, kampaniyo imapereka VG AF ndi ma tray oletsa kuyipitsa, ndipo posachedwapa yakhazikitsa ma valve a UFM AF, omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri pakutha mphamvu komanso kuchita bwino, komanso osagwira ntchito molakwika.Pakulongedza, kampaniyo idakhazikitsa zonyamula zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka za Mellagrid AF, zomwe ndizoyenera kunyamula zinthu zoyipa kwambiri, monga magawo ochapira a vacuum tower.

Pilling akuwonjezera kuti pazovuta za thovu, Sulzer wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri."Ngakhale tikupanga zida ndi mapangidwe kuti tigwiritse ntchito thovu, timagwiranso ntchito ndi makasitomala athu kuti tidziwe zomwe zitha kuchita thovu," akutero."Mukadziwa kuti pali thovu, mutha kulipanga.Ndizochitika zomwe kasitomala amakhala ndi thovu ndipo osadziwa zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto.Timaona mitundu yonse ya thovu, monga Marangoni, Ross akutulutsa thovu ndi tinthu tating’onoting’ono ndipo timagwira ntchito limodzi ndi makasitomala kuti tizindikire zinthu ngati zimenezi.”

Ndipo, pa ntchito zomwe kuyipitsa ndi kuphika kungakhale koopsa kwambiri, Koch-Glitsch adapanga Proflux kunyamula gridi yolimba kwambiri, akutero Nieuwoudt (Chithunzi 1).Kupaka kwa gridi yatsopano yogwira ntchito kwambiri kumaphatikiza luso la kulongedza kokhazikika ndi kulimba komanso kukana koyipa kwa grid packing.Ndi chinsalu cha malata olimba omwe amawotchedwa ndi ndodo zolemera kwambiri.Kuphatikizika kwa ma welded ndodo ndi mapepala okhala ndi malata akuchulukira kwa zinthu kumapereka mapangidwe olimba omwe amalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa nsanja kapena kukokoloka kwa nsanja.Mipata pakati pa mapepalawo imapereka kukana bwino kwa fouling."Zonyamula zidayikidwa pafupifupi ka 100 tsopano m'malo oyipa kwambiri ndipo zikuyenda bwino poyerekeza ndi zomwe zikulowa m'malo.Moyo wautali komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kumapereka zotsatira zotsika mtengo wogwira ntchito kwa kasitomala," akutero Nieuwoudt.

Chithunzi 1. Proflux kwambiri-service grid packing ndi apamwamba-ntchito kwambiri-service gululi kulongedza amaphatikiza bwino kulongedza katundu ndi kulimba ndi fouling kukana kwa grid kulongedza Koch-Glitsch.

Pankhani ya distillation, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zovuta zokhudzana ndi njira yomwe iyenera kuthetsedwa kudzera munjira zapadera.

"Pali msika wamayankho opangidwa mwaluso omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna," akutero Christian Geipel, woyang'anira wamkulu, ndi RVT Process Equipment (Steinwiesen, Germany; www.rvtpe.com)."Izi ndizovomerezeka makamaka pakukonzanso zomera zomwe zilipo kale zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofuna zatsopano.Mavutowa ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amaphatikizanso zolinga monga kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yodziwikiratu kuti agwiritse ntchito zolakwika, kuchuluka kwamphamvu komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kuti athe kusinthasintha. ”

Pofuna kuthana ndi zosowa zenizeni, RVT yapanga zonyamula zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, SP-Line (Chithunzi 2)."Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa geometry ya tchanelo, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kumatheka."Kupitilira apo, pazambiri zotsika kwambiri zamadzimadzi, zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, mapaketi awa amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano yaogawa amadzimadzi."Njira yopopera yopopera bwino yomwe imaphatikiza milomo yopopera ndi mbale zowaza idapangidwa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mizati ya vacuum yoyenga," akutero Geipel."Zimachepetsa kulowetsedwa ndikuyipitsa magawo omwe amanyamula pamwamba pa wogawa popanda kupereka mtundu wa kugawa kwamadzi ku gawo lomwe lili pansipa."

Chithunzi 2. Kulongedza kwatsopano, kwamphamvu kwambiri, SP-Line kuchokera ku RVT, imapereka geometry yosinthidwa, kutsika kwapansi komanso mphamvu yapamwamba ya RVT Process Equipment.

Winanso wogawa zamadzimadzi watsopano kuchokera ku RVT (Chithunzi 3) ndi chogawa chamtundu wa nkhokwe chokhala ndi mbale za splash zomwe zimaphatikiza mitengo yotsika yamadzimadzi yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kapangidwe kolimba, kosagwirizana ndi zoyipa.

Chithunzi 3. Pakuti otsika kwambiri katundu zamadzimadzi, vuto lina ntchito-enieni, kulongedza katundu akhoza pamodzi ndi mitundu yatsopano ya ogawa madzi RVT Process Equipment.

Mofananamo, GTC Technology US, LLC (Houston; www.gtctech.com) ikupanga zinthu zatsopano zothandizira mapurosesa kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a distillation malinga ndi zosowa zawo.Chimodzi mwazomwe zachitika posachedwa ndi ma tray a GT-OPTIM apamwamba kwambiri, akutero Brad Fleming, manejala wamkulu wagawo la GTC's Process Equipment Technology.Mazana a maimidwe a mafakitale kuphatikiza kuyesa ku Fractionation Research Inc. (FRI; Stillwater, Okla.; www.fri.org) awonetsa kuti thireyi yogwira ntchito kwambiri imakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri komanso kuwongolera mphamvu pamatireyi wamba.Ma tray odutsa amasinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse bwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwika bwino komanso zaumwini zomwe zimapanga kapangidwe ka thireyi iliyonse.Fleming anati: “Titha kupereka umisiri ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zenizeni."Cholinga cha purosesa imodzi chikhoza kukhala kuwonjezera mphamvu, pamene wina akufuna kuonjezera mphamvu ndipo wina akufuna kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kapena kuwonjezera nthawi yothamanga.Tili ndi zida zosiyanasiyana mu zida zathu zopangira zida, kotero timatha kuyang'ana kwambiri zomwe kasitomala akufuna pakuwongolera njira yawo. ”

Pakadali pano, AMACS yathana ndi vuto lina lodziwika bwino la distillation lomwe limakumana ndi zoyenga mafuta, zomera za petrochemical, zomera zamagesi ndi malo ofanana.Nthawi zambiri, ng'oma yogogoda yoyimirira kapena cholekanitsa chokhala ndi zida zochotsera nkhungu zimalephera kuchotsa madzi aulere pamtsinje wa gasi.Garcia wa AMACS anati: “M’malo moyesa kuthetsa kapena kukonzanso zizindikiro, timafufuza gwero lake, lomwe nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo zida zochotsera nkhungu.Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, kampaniyo inapanga Maxswirl Cyclone, chipangizo chapamwamba kwambiri, chochotsa nkhungu chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za centrifugal kuti zipereke ntchito zolekanitsa zamakono.

Machubu a Maxswirl Cyclone amakhala ndi chinthu chosunthika, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yapakati pa nthunzi yodzaza ndi nkhungu kuti ilekanitse zamadzimadzi zomwe zimatuluka ndi gasi.Mumkuntho wa axial-flow uyu, mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imachokera imakankhira madontho amadzimadzi kunja, komwe amapanga filimu yamadzimadzi pakhoma lamkati la mphepo yamkuntho.Madziwo amadutsa muming'alu ya khoma la chubu ndipo amatengedwa pansi pa bokosi la mphepo yamkuntho ndikutsanulidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka.Mpweya wowumawo umakhazikika pakatikati pa chubu cha cyclone ndikutuluka kudzera mumkuntho.

Pakadali pano, DeDietrich (Mainz, Germany; www.dedietrich.com) ikuyang'ana khama popereka mizati ndi amkati kuti azitha kuwononga kwambiri kutentha mpaka 390 ° F, atero Edgar Steffin, wamkulu wazamalonda ndi DeDietrich."Mizere yofikira ku DN1000 imapangidwa ndi galasi la QVF borosilicate 3.3 kapena DeDietrich chitsulo chokhala ndi galasi.Mizati yayikulu mpaka ku DN2400 imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi galasi la DeDietrich chokha.Zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri zimapangidwa ndi galasi la borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE kapena Tantalum "(Chithunzi 4).

Chithunzi 4. DeDietrich imayang'ana pazipilala ndi zamkati mwazinthu zowonongeka kwambiri pa kutentha mpaka 390 ° F.Mizere yofikira ku DN1000 imapangidwa ndi galasi la QVF borosilicate 3.3 kapena DeDietrich chitsulo chokhala ndi galasi.Mizati yayikulu mpaka ku DN2400 imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi galasi la DeDietrich chokha.Zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri zimapangidwa ndi galasi la borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE kapena tantalum DeDietrich.

Iye akuwonjezera kuti njira zambiri pa kutentha kwapamwamba pamwamba pa 300 ° F zimafuna kupewa PTFE.SiC ili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri ndipo imalola mapangidwe a ogawa akuluakulu ndi osonkhanitsa omwe sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi zolimba kapena zomwe zimachita thovu, degas kapena kung'anima.

Kampani ya Durapack yopangidwa ndi magalasi a borosilicate 3.3 ndi yoyenera magalasi osagwira 3.3 kapena zitsulo zokhala ndi magalasi, chifukwa imakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi galasi la galasi ndipo imasunga kutentha kwake pa kutentha kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma polima.Galasi la Borosilicate 3.3 ndilopanda porous, lomwe limadula kwambiri kukokoloka ndi dzimbiri poyerekeza ndi kulongedza kofanana ndi ceramic.

Ndipo, nsanja zomwe zidadulidwa m'mbali, koma sizigwira ntchito bwino, atero a Fleming a GTC, atha kukhala osankhidwa bwino paukadaulo wogawa makhoma."Mizati yambiri ya distillation imakhala ndi zinthu zapamwamba komanso zapansi, komanso zojambula zam'mbali, koma izi zimabweretsa kusagwira bwino ntchito kwamafuta.Tekinoloje yogawanitsa khoma - komwe mumasinthiranso gawo lachikhalidwe - ndi njira imodzi yowonjezerera mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kuchepetsa zonyansa zokolola, "akutero (Chithunzi 5).

Chithunzi 5. Towers zomwe zadulidwa m'mbali, koma zosagwira ntchito bwino, zitha kukhala zosankhidwa bwino paukadaulo wogawanitsa khoma la GTC Technologies.

Mzere wogawa-khoma umalekanitsa chakudya chamagulu ambiri kukhala mitsinje itatu kapena yambiri yoyeretsedwa mkati mwa nsanja imodzi, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa gawo lachiwiri.Chojambulacho chimagwiritsa ntchito khoma loyima kuti ligawanitse pakati pa ndime m'magawo awiri.Chakudyacho chimatumizidwa ku mbali imodzi ya gawo, yotchedwa pre-fractionation section.Kumeneko, zigawo zowala zimayenda mmwamba, kumene zimayeretsedwa, pamene zigawo zolemetsa zimayenda pansi.Madzi otuluka kuchokera pamwamba pa chipilalacho ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi kuchokera pansi kumayendetsedwa kumbali zawo za khoma logawanika.

Kuchokera kumbali yotsutsana ndi khoma, mankhwala a m'mbali amachotsedwa kumalo omwe zigawo zotentha zapakati zimayikidwa kwambiri.Dongosololi limatha kupanga chinthu chapakati choyera kwambiri kuposa chojambulira m'mbali chomwe chili ndi ntchito yomweyo, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

"Kusinthika kukhala gawo logawanitsa kumafufuzidwa mukamayang'ana kuti muwongolere bwino zomwe simungathe kuchita mwanjira ina malinga ndi nsanja yachikhalidwe, koma ngati mungatembenukire kuukadaulo wogawa khoma, mudzawona kuchepa kwakukulu. pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi,” akutero."Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala kuchepa kwa 25 mpaka 30% pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse pakugwiritsa ntchito, zokolola zabwino kwambiri komanso kuyera kwazinthu komanso nthawi zambiri zimachulukirachulukira."

Amawonjezeranso kuti palinso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mzati wogawikana m'malo mwa miyambo yansanja ziwiri."Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mizati yogawanitsa kuti mugwire ntchito yomweyo ndikupanga zinthu zomwezo, koma mukuchita munsanja imodzi yokha poyerekeza ndi nsanja ziwiri.M'madera akumidzi, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zambiri zingatheke pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono logawanitsa makoma."

Bukuli lili ndi mawu, zithunzi, zithunzi, ndi zina (zonse "Zamkatimu"), zomwe ndizongodziwa zambiri.Zolemba zina zimakhala ndi malingaliro a wolemba okha.KUDALIRA CHIFUKWA CHONSE CHOPEREKEDWA M'MABHUKU INO NDIKO PANGOZI INU CHEKHA.© 2019 Access Intelligence, LLC - Ufulu Onse Ndiotetezedwa.