Ezimbonini ze-chemical process (CPI), iningi lokuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngamakholomu okugaya.Futhi, lapho yonke inqubo incike kulawo makholomu, ukungasebenzi, amabhodlela kanye nokuvala shaqa kuyinkinga.Emzamweni wokugcina izinqubo ze-distillation - kanye nesitshalo sonke - sinyakaza, amakholomu angaphakathi ayalungiswa futhi aphinde asetshenziswe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwamakholomu.

“Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekucweniseni, ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali noma ekukhiqizeni amapulasitiki, ukuhlukaniswa okuningi phakathi kwamakhemikhali emvelo kwenziwa nge-distillation.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunengcindezi eqhubekayo yokuthi amaphrosesa amakhemikhali enze izinqubo zabo zibe nezindleko ezingcono,” kusho u-Izak Nieuwoudt, isikhulu esiphezulu sezobuchwepheshe kwa-Koch-Glitsch (Wichita, Kan.; www.koch-glitsch.com)."Ngenxa yokuthi amakholomu e-distillation angabathengi abaningi bamandla futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu abafuni ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi belungisa imishini, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwamakholomu kuseqhulwini njengamanje."

Ngokuvamile ngemva kokuba inqubo isiqalile futhi isebenza, abacubungula bathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu kakhulu kunalokho abebekulindele, kusho u-Antonio Garcia, umphathi wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lokudluliswa kwenqwaba ne-AMACS Process Tower Internals (Arlington, Tex.; www.amacs.com)."Ukuze bathole ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kagesi, kufanele bahlole izinketho zabo ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kokudluliselwa okuningi," usho kanje."Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaprosesa bavame ukubheka izindlela zokuvala inqubo ukuze bathole ukuhlukana okungcono kanye nezidingo zamandla futhi ukuhlambalaza kuyimbangela evamile yamabhodlela, ngakho ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obusiza kulezi zinkinga nakho kubalulekile."

Amabhodlela kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa ukonakala noma izinkinga zemishini, njengokudlidliza noma izinto ezingaphakathi kwamakholomu ahlukanayo, kungase kubize kakhulu.“Kubiza kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kufanele uvale ikholomu yokugaya, ngoba ngokuvamile kuholela ekuvaleni kwamayunithi akhuphuka nomfula, futhi,” kusho u-Nieuwoudt."Futhi, lokhu kuvalwa okungahleliwe kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu ngosuku."

Ngalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi bekholomu yangaphakathi bakha imikhiqizo eklanyelwe ukusiza abacubungulayo ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuthembeka.

Ukushintsha amathreyi avamile namaphakethe ngezisombululo ezintsha, ezithuthukile ngokuvamile kuyadingeka kumprosesa ofuna ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, umthamo nokwethembeka, ngakho abakhiqizi bahlale befuna ukuthuthukisa iminikelo yabo.

Isibonelo, i-Raschig GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany; www.raschig.com) isanda kukhipha i-Raschig Super-Ring Plus, ukupakisha okungahleliwe okusha, okusebenza okuphezulu okudlula ukusebenza kwe-Raschig Ring yangaphambilini."Isakhiwo esithuthukisiwe se-Raschig Super-Ring Plus sivumela ukukhuphuka kwamandla okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kahle okuqhubekayo," kusho uMicheal Schultes, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe e-Raschig.“Umkhiqizo uwumphumela wokuthuthukiswa komklamo osuselwe eminyakeni eminingi yocwaningo.Inhloso bekuwukuhlala nazo zonke izinzuzo ze-Super-Ring, kodwa sithuthukise umthamo futhi sinciphise ukwehla kwengcindezi.”

Umkhiqizo ovelayo unciphisa ukwehla kwengcindezi ngokuhlela imichilo ye-sinusoidal eyisicaba ibe isakhiwo esivuleke ngokwedlulele, wandisa umthamo ngokuthandwa kokugeleza kwefilimu ezinhlelweni eziqhubekayo ze-sinusoidal-strip, ukhuphula ukusebenza kahle ngokunciphisa ukwakheka kwamaconsi ngaphakathi kokupakisha futhi wehlise ukuthambekela okubi ngokunciphisa ukukhula kwamaconsi kanye nokunikeza okuphansi. ukwehla kwengcindezi.Ukuzwela okungalungile kubuye kuncishiswe ngokukhiqiza amafilimu e-liquid aqhubekayo, ukumanzisa yonke into yokupakisha.

Ngokunjalo, i-AMACS ibilokhu yenza ucwaningo ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wayo weSuperBlend."Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ngokufaka esikhundleni sokupakisha okungahleliwe okukhona nge-SuperBlend 2-PAC yethu, ukusebenza kahle kombhoshongo kunganyuswa ngo-20% noma umthamo ngo-15%," kusho u-Moize Turkey, umphathi, wobunjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza, nge-AMACS.Ubuchwepheshe be-SuperBlend 2-PAC buyinhlanganisela yosayizi wokupakisha osebenza kahle obekwe embhedeni owodwa."Sihlanganisa osayizi ababili be-geometry yensimbi engahleliwe engcono kakhulu futhi, lapho ihlanganiswa, inhlanganisela enelungelo lobunikazi ifinyelela izinzuzo zokusebenza kahle zosayizi omncane wokupakisha, kuyilapho igcina umthamo kanye nokwehla kokucindezela kosayizi omkhulu wokupakisha," usho kanje.Umbhede ohlanganisiwe utuswa ukumuncwa nokuhlubula, ukucwiliswa kahle kwamakhemikhali, ama-fractionators okuhluza kanye namathuba okubuyisela kunoma iyiphi inqwaba- noma umbhoshongo wokudlulisa ukushisa okhawulelwe ukupakishwa okungahleliwe okuvamile noma kwesizukulwane sesithathu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi bangaphakathi nakho kuyathuthukiswa ukuze kusizwe ezindabeni ezifana nokungahambi kahle nezimo ezinzima.

“Ukwethembeka kubaluleke kakhulu ekucatshangelweni kwansuku zonke.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idivayisi isebenza kahle kangakanani, uma ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezimbi ngesikhathi esithile, ngeke iphumelele,” kusho uMark Pilling, umphathi wezobuchwepheshe e-USA with Sulzer (Winterthur, Switzerland; www.sulzer.) com)."USulzer uchithe isikhathi esiningi kule minyaka emihlanu edlule enza ulayini ophelele wemishini ekwazi ukumelana nokungcola."Emathreyini, inkampani inikeza i-VG AF namathreyi avimbela ukungcoliswa, futhi isanda kwethula ama-valve e-UFM AF, asebenza kahle kakhulu ngomthamo nokusebenza kahle, kanye nokungazweli kahle kakhulu.Emaphaketheni, inkampani yethule amagridi e-Mellagrid AF anti-fouling, alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokupakisha ezimbi kakhulu, njengezingxenye zokugeza umbhoshongo we-vacuum.

UPilling wengeza ngokuthi ezinkingeni eziphuma amagwebu, uSulzer ubesebenza ngendlela ekabili.“Ngenkathi sakha amathuluzi nemiklamo yokusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinogwebu, siphinde sisebenze namakhasimende ethu ukuze sinqume ukuthi yiziphi izicelo ezingase zibe namagwebu,” usho kanje.“Uma wazi ukuthi kukhona amagwebu, ungawaklama.Yizimo lapho ikhasimende lizoba nenkinga yokukhihliza amagwebu futhi lingazi ngakho okuvame ukudala izinkinga.Sibona lonke uhlobo lwamagwebu, njengoMarangoni, uRoss egwaza namagwebu ezinhlayiyana futhi sisebenzisana namakhasimende ukuhlonza izimo ezinjalo.”

Futhi, ezinsizeni lapho ukungcola kanye nokupheka kungaba nzima kakhulu, i-Koch-Glitsch ithuthukise i-Prohlux yesevisi eqinile yokupakisha, kusho u-Nieuwoudt (Umfanekiso 1).Ukupakisha okusha kwegridi yesevisi eqinile yokusebenza okuphezulu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokupakisha okuhlelekile nokuqina nokumelana okungalungile kokupakishwa kwegridi.Kuwukuhlanganiswa kwamashidi kathayela aqinile ashiselwe ezintini zegeji esindayo.Inhlanganisela yokuhlanganiswa kwezinduku ezishiselwe kanye namashidi kathayela okuqina kwempahla ekhulisiwe kunikeza idizayini eqinile emelana nokulimala okuvela ekuphazamisekeni kombhoshongo noma ukuguguleka.Izikhala phakathi kwamashidi zinikeza ukumelana nokungcola okuthuthukisiwe.“Impahla isifakwe izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100 manje ezinsizakalweni eziyingozi kakhulu futhi yenza kahle ngempela uma iqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo eshintshwayo.Ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi kunikeza imiphumela yezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kukhasimende,” kusho uNieuwoudt.

Umfanekiso 1. Ukupakishwa kwegridi ye-Proflux yensizakalo eqinile wukusebenza okuphezulu kwegridi yokupakisha yesevisi eqinile ehlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokupakisha okuhlelekile nokuqina nokumelana okungalungile kokupakishwa kwegridi kwe-Koch-Glitsch

Uma kukhulunywa nge-distillation, kuvame ukuba nezinselelo eziqondene nenqubo edinga ukubhekwana nayo ngezinyathelo ezikhethekile.

“Kukhona imakethe yezixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela evumelana nenqubo ethile nezidingo zamakhasimende,” kusho uChristian Geipel, umqondisi ophethe, weRVT Process Equipment (Steinwiesen, Germany; www.rvtpe.com).“Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ekulungisweni kabusha kwezitshalo ezikhona ezishintshwayo ukuze kufezwe izimfuno ezintsha.Izinselelo zihlukahlukene futhi zifaka izinjongo ezinjengobude obude nobungabikezelwa kakhudlwana bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingalungile, umthamo ophakeme nokwehla kwengcindezi noma ububanzi bokusebenza okubanzi ukuze kube nezimo eziguquguqukayo.”

Ukuze kubhekwane nezidingo ezithile, i-RVT ithuthukise ukupakisha okuhlelekile okunamandla aphezulu, i-SP-Line (Umfanekiso 2)."Ngenxa yejiyomethri yesiteshi eshintshiwe, ukwehla kwengcindezi namandla aphezulu kuyazuzwa."Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemithwalo ewuketshezi ephansi kakhulu, enye inselele eqondene nohlelo lokusebenza, lawa maphakethe angahlanganiswa nezinhlobo ezintsha zabasabalalisi be-liquid.“Isisabalalisi somlomo wesifutho esithuthukisiwe esihlanganisa imibhobho yesifutho namapuleti e-splash sathuthukiswa futhi sisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni ezifana namakholomu evacuum yokuhluza,” kusho uGeipel."Yehlisa ukufakwa futhi ngenxa yalokho konakala ezigabeni zokupakisha ngaphezulu komsabalalisi ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi yokusabalalisa uketshezi esigabeni sokupakisha esingezansi."

Umfanekiso 2. Ukupakishwa okusha okuhlelekile okunamandla, i-SP-Line evela ku-RVT, inikeza ijometri yesiteshi eguquliwe, ukwehla kwengcindezi kanye nomthamo ophezulu we-RVT Process Equipment.

Omunye umsabalalisi omusha owuketshezi ovela ku-RVT (Umfanekiso 3) uyisabalalisi sohlobo lwe-trough enamapuleti e-splash ahlanganisa amanani aphansi oketshezi nobubanzi obuphezulu bokusebenza kanye nedizayini eqinile, ukumelana nokubi.

Umfanekiso 3. Ngemithwalo ewuketshezi ephansi kakhulu, enye inselele eqondene nesicelo, ukupakishwa kungahlanganiswa nezinhlobo ezintsha zabasabalalisi be-liquid RVT Process Equipment.

Ngokufanayo, i-GTC Technology US, LLC (Houston; www.gtctech.com) ithuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ukuze isize abacubunguli ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamakholomu okugaya okusekelwe ezidingweni zabo ezithile.Enye yentuthuko yakamuva ihlanganisa amathreyi e-GT-OPTIM asebenza kahle kakhulu, kusho u-Brad Fleming, umphathi jikelele wophiko lwe-GTC's Process Equipment Technology.Amakhulu okufakwa kwezimboni kanye nokuhlola e-Fractionation Research Inc. (FRI; Stillwater, Okla.; www.fri.org) abonise ukuthi ugqoko olusebenza kahle kakhulu lufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphawulekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla phezu kwamathreyi avamile.Amathreyi agelezayo enziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi wokugcina ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngenhlanganisela yamadivayisi anelungelo lobunikazi kanye nawokuphathelene akha idizayini yethreyi ngayinye.“Singakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngeqoqo lobuchwepheshe nezici ezingase zisetshenziswe ukuze kubhekwane nezinjongo ezithile,” kuphawula uFleming.“Inhloso yephrosesa eyodwa kungaba ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle, kanti omunye ufuna ukukhulisa umthamo kanti omunye ufuna ukunciphisa ukwehla kwengcindezi, ukunciphisa ukonakala noma ukwelula isikhathi sokusebenza.Sinezikhali eziningi ezahlukene endaweni yethu yokuklama imishini, ngakho-ke siyakwazi ukugxila kumpokophelo yekhasimende eqondisiwe yokuthuthukisa inqubo yabo ethile.”

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-AMACS ibhekane nenye inselele evamile yokuhluza uphethiloli, izitshalo ze-petrochemical, izitshalo zegesi kanye nezindawo ezifanayo.Imvamisa, isigubhu esimile noma isihlukanisi esifakwe okokuqeda inkungu siyehluleka ukususa uketshezi lwamahhala emfudlaneni wegesi.“Esikhundleni sokuzama ukulungisa noma ukulungisa izimpawu, sibheka umnyombo, ovame ukuhilela imishini yokuqeda inkungu emgqonyeni wokungqongqoza,” kusho uGarcia we-AMACS.Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga, inkampani yakha i-Maxswirl Cyclone, idivayisi yokuqeda inkungu esezingeni eliphezulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuze inikeze ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kwesimanje.

Amashubhu e-Maxswirl Cyclone ahlanganisa into enyakazayo ejikajikayo, esebenzisa amandla amaphakathi kumhwamuko ogcwele inkungu ukuze ahlukanise uketshezi oluhlanganisiwe nokugeleza kwegesi.Kulesi sishingishane se-axial-flow, amandla aphakathi nendawo aphusha amaconsi oketshezi aye ngaphandle, lapho enza khona ifilimu ewuketshezi odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesivunguvungu.Uketshezi ludlula emifantwini odongeni lwamashubhu futhi luqoqwe phansi kwebhokisi lesishingishane bese lukhishwa amandla adonsela phansi.Igesi eyomile igxila maphakathi neshubhu le-cyclone futhi iphume ngesishingishane.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-DeDietrich (Mainz, Germany; www.dedietrich.com) igxile emizamweni yokuhlinzeka ngamakholomu kanye nabangaphakathi ngezinqubo ezigqwala kakhulu emazingeni okushisa afika ku-390°F, kusho u-Edgar Steffin, inhloko yezokukhangisa ne-DeDietrich.“Amakholomu afika ku-DN1000 enziwe ngengilazi ye-QVF borosilicate 3.3 noma insimbi efakwe ingilazi ye-DeDietrich.Amakholomu amakhulu afika ku-DN2400 enziwe ngensimbi enengilazi ye-DeDietrich kuphela.Izinto ezimelana nokugqwala zenziwe ngengilazi ye-borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE noma i-Tantalum” (Umfanekiso 4).

Umfanekiso 4. I-DeDietrich igxile kumakholomu nangaphakathi ngezinqubo ezigqwala kakhulu emazingeni okushisa afika ku-390°F.Amakholomu afika ku-DN1000 enziwe nge-QVF borosilicate glass 3.3 noma i-DeDietrich glass-lined steel.Amakholomu amakhulu afika ku-DN2400 enziwe ngensimbi enengilazi ye-DeDietrich kuphela.Izinto ezimelana nokugqwala zenziwe ngengilazi ye-borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE noma i-tantalum DeDietrich

Unezela ukuthi izinqubo eziningi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme angaphezu kuka-300 ° F zidinga ukugwema i-PTFE.I-SiC inokumelana nezinga lokushisa okuphezulu futhi ivumela idizayini yabasabalalisi abakhulu nabaqoqi abangazweli kangako ngokuphakelayo okuqukethe okuqinile noma lezo ezivame ukwenza igwebu, i-degas noma ukukhanya.

I-Durapack yenkampani ehlelekile yokupakisha engilazini ye-borosilicate engu-3.3 ifanelekela ingilazi engagqwali engu-3.3 noma amakholomu ensimbi anengilazi, njengoba inokumelana nokugqwala okufanayo njengekholomu yengilazi futhi igcina ukuzinza kwayo okushisayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-polymers.Ingilazi ye-Borosilicate engu-3.3 ayinambobo, enqamula kakhulu ukuguguleka nokugqwala uma kuqhathaniswa nokupakishwa kwe-ceramic okulingana.

Futhi, imibhoshongo enqunywe emaceleni, kodwa engasebenzi kahle, kusho uFleming we-GTC, angase abe amakhandidethi afanelekayo obuchwepheshe bekholomu yokuhlukanisa udonga.“Amakholomu amaningi e-distillation anomkhiqizo ongaphezulu nophansi, kanye nomkhiqizo odweba eceleni, kodwa ngalokhu kuza ukungasebenzi kahle kokushisa.Ubuchwepheshe bekholomu yokuhlukanisa-udonga - lapho uvuselela khona ikholomu yendabuko - kuyindlela eyodwa yokwandisa umthamo ngenkathi unciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla noma ukunciphisa ukungcola kwesivuno semikhiqizo, "kusho yena (Umfanekiso 5).

Umfanekiso 5. Imibhoshongo enesikwe emaceleni, kodwa engasebenzi kahle ngokushisa, ingase ibe amakhandidethi amahle obuchwepheshe bekholomu ehlukanisayo i-GTC Technologies.

Ikholomu yodonga oluhlukanisayo ihlukanisa okuphakelayo kwezingxenye eziningi kube ukusakaza okuhlanziwe okuthathu noma ngaphezulu ngaphakathi kombhoshongo owodwa, isuse isidingo sekholomu yesibili.Idizayini isebenzisa udonga oluqondile ukuze ihlukanise phakathi kwekholomu ibe izingxenye ezimbili.Isiphakeli sithunyelwa ohlangothini olulodwa lwekholomu, olubizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwangaphambili.Lapho, izingxenye zokukhanya zihamba phezulu kwekholomu, lapho zihlanzwa khona, kuyilapho izingxenye ezinzima zehla ikholomu.Ukugeleza okuwuketshezi kusuka phezulu kwekholomu kanye nokugeleza komhwamuko ukusuka phansi kuhanjiswe ezinhlangothini ezihlukene zodonga oluhlukanisayo.

Kusukela ohlangothini oluphambene nodonga, umkhiqizo oseceleni ususwa endaweni lapho izingxenye ezibilisa phakathi zigxila kakhulu.Lolu hlelo luyakwazi ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ohlanzekile omaphakathi kunekholomu evamile yomdwebo oseceleni womsebenzi ofanayo, futhi ekugelezeni okuphezulu.

“Ukuguqulelwa kwekholomu yodonga oluhlukanisayo kuyaphenywa uma ubheka ukwenza intuthuko ebalulekile obungeke ukwenze ngenye indlela ngaphakathi kwezingqinamba zombhoshongo wendabuko, kodwa uma ungaguqulela kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa udonga, uzobona ukwehla okukhulu. ekusebenziseni amandla,” usho kanje."Ngokujwayelekile, kunokuncipha okungama-25 kuye kwangama-30% kokusetshenziswa kwamandla sekukonke kokuphumayo okunikiwe, isivuno esithuthuke ngokumangazayo nokuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo kanye nokwenyuka kokuphumayo."

Unezela ukuthi kunethuba lokusebenzisa ikholomu yodonga oluhlukanisayo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukulandelana kwendabuko kwemibhoshongo emibili.“Ungasebenzisa amakholomu ahlukanisayo ukuze wenze umsebenzi ofanayo futhi ukhiqize imikhiqizo efanayo, kodwa ukwenza embhoshongweni owodwa obonakalayo uma uqhathanisa nohlelo lwemibhoshongo emibili.Emazingeni aphansi, ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko ezinkulu kungafinyelelwa ngobuchwepheshe bekholomu obuhlukanisayo. "

Lolu shicilelo luqukethe umbhalo, imidwebo, izithombe, nokunye okuqukethwe (sekuhlangene “Okuqukethwe”), okwezinjongo zolwazi kuphela.Ama-athikili athile aqukethe izincomo zombhali kuphela.UKWETHEMBELA KUNOMA YILUPHI ULWAZI OLIKELWE KULESI SSHICILELO KUSENGOZINI YAKHO WEDWA.© 2019 Access Intelligence, LLC - Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.