Kwimizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali (CPI), uninzi lwezahlulo zenziwa ngeekholamu ze-distillation.Kwaye, xa yonke inkqubo ixhomekeke kwezo kholamu, ukungasebenzi, iibhotile kunye nokuvalwa kuyingxaki.Ngomzamo wokugcina iinkqubo ze-distillation - kunye nesityalo sonke - ukuxubha kunye, abangaphakathi kwikholomu bayalungiswa kwaye baphinde basebenze ukunceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kweekholomu.

Nokuba kusekusulungekeni, ekusetyenzweni kweekhemikhali okanye ekuveliseni iiplastiki, uninzi lokwahlula phakathi kweekhemikhali eziphilayo kwenziwa ngedistillation.Kwangaxeshanye, kukho uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lweeprosesa zeekhemikhali ukwenza iinkqubo zabo zibe nexabiso elithe chatha,” utshilo u-Izak Nieuwoudt, igosa eliyintloko lobugcisa kunye no-Koch-Glitsch (Wichita, Kan.; www.koch-glitsch.com)."Ngenxa yokuba iikholamu zedistillation zingabasebenzisi bamandla amakhulu kwaye abantu abafuni kuchitha ixesha elininzi belungisa izixhobo, ukonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kweekholamu kuphambili ngoku."

Ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba inkqubo iqhutywe kwaye iqhutywe, abaqhubeki bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu kakhulu kunokuba bebelindele, utsho uAntonio Garcia, umphathi wophuhliso loshishino olugqithisiweyo kunye ne-AMACS Process Tower Internals (Arlington, Tex.; www.amacs.com)."Ukufumana ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kufuneka baphonononge ukhetho lwabo lokuphucula ukusebenza kogqithiso oluninzi," utshilo.Ukongeza, iiprosesa zihlala zijonge iindlela zokuphelisa inkqubo ukuze bafumane ukwahlula okungcono kunye neemfuno zesikhundla kwaye ukungcola kungunobangela oqhelekileyo wokunqanda, ke ukufumana itekhnoloji enceda kule miba nako kubalulekile.

Iibhotile kunye nexesha lokuphumla elibangelwa yimpazamo okanye imiba yomatshini, njengokungcangcazela okanye izixhobo ezingaphakathi kwiikholamu ezahlukanayo, zinokubiza kakhulu.“Kubiza kakhulu ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka uvale ikholamu yedistillation, kuba ihlala ikhokelela ekuvalweni kweeyunithi ezinyukayo nezisezantsi,” utshilo uNieuwoudt.Kwaye, oku kuvalwa kungacwangciswanga kukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu ngosuku.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abavelisi bekholomu yangaphakathi baphuhlisa iimveliso ezenzelwe ukunceda abaqhubekisi ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuthembeka.

Ukutshintsha iitreyi eziqhelekileyo kunye nokupakishwa ngokutsha, izisombululo eziphambili zihlala ziyimfuneko kwiprosesa efuna ukusebenza kakuhle, umthamo kunye nokuthembeka, ngoko ke abavelisi bahlala bejonge ukuphucula kwiminikelo yabo.

Ngokomzekelo, i-Raschig GmbH (i-Ludwigshafen, eJamani; www.raschig.com) isanda kukhulula i-Raschig Super-Ring Plus, entsha, i-high-performance random packing edlula ukusebenza kweRingi ye-Raschig yangaphambili."Isakhiwo esilungiselelweyo se-Raschig Super-Ring Plus senza ukuba kunyuswe umthamo ongakumbi ngokusebenza rhoqo," utshilo uMicheal Schultes, umlawuli wezobugcisa eRaschig.“Imveliso sisiphumo sophuhliso loyilo olusekwe kwiminyaka emininzi yophando.Ithagethi ibikukuhlala nazo zonke iingenelo zeSuper-Ring, kodwa kuphuculwe umthamo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Imveliso enesiphumo inciphisa ukuhla koxinzelelo ngokucwangcisa imicu ye-sinusoidal esicaba ibe kwisakhiwo esivuleke kakhulu, yandisa umthamo ngokuthanda ukuhamba kwefilimu kumalungiselelo aqhubekayo e-sinusoidal-strip, yandisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokunciphisa ukwakheka kwamathontsi ngaphakathi kokupakisha kunye nokunciphisa umkhwa wokonakala ngokunciphisa ukukhula kwamathontsi kunye nokunikezela okuphantsi. ukwehla koxinzelelo.Ubuzaza bokungcola bukwancitshiswa ngokuvelisa iifilimu zolwelo eziqhubekayo, ukumanzisa yonke into yokupakisha.

Ngokunjalo, i-AMACS ibisenza uphando ukuphucula imveliso yayo yeSuperBlend."Uphando lubonise ukuba ngokutshintsha i-random packing ekhoyo kunye ne-SuperBlend 2-PAC yethu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwenqaba kunokunyuswa nge-20% okanye umthamo nge-15%," kusho uMoize Turkey, umphathi, ubunjineli bezicelo, kunye ne-AMACS.Itekhnoloji yeSuperBlend 2-PAC ngumxube wokupakisha okumgangatho ophezulu obekwe kwibhedi enye."Sidibanisa iisayizi ezimbini ze-metal random geometry kwaye, xa zidityanisiwe, umxube onelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ufezekisa izibonelelo ezisebenzayo zobukhulu obuncinci bokupakisha, ngelixa sigcina umthamo kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo lwesayizi enkulu yokupakisha," utshilo.Ibhedi edibeneyo iyacetyiswa ukuba ifunxe kwaye ihlulwe, i-distillation yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo, i-refinery fractionators kunye namathuba okubuyisela kuyo nayiphi na i-mass- okanye i-heat-transfer tower ekhawulelwe ngokupakisha okungaqhelekanga okanye okwesithathu kwisizukulwana.

Uphuculo lwabasebenzi bangaphakathi lukwaphuhliswa ukunceda kwimiba efana nokuziphatha kakubi kunye neemeko ezinzima.

“Ukuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu kuqwalaselo lwemihla ngemihla.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba isixhobo sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani na, ukuba asikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezimbi xa sisenza umsebenzi othile, asiyi kuphumelela,” utsho uMark Pilling, umphathi wezobugcisa eU.SA ngeSulzer (Winterthur, Switzerland; www.sulzer.) com)."USulzer uchithe ixesha elininzi kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo esenza umgca opheleleyo wezixhobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokungcola."Kwiitreyi, inkampani ibonelela nge-VG AF kunye neetreyi ezichasayo, kwaye isandula ukuqaliswa kweevalvu ze-UFM AF, zombini zisebenza ngokuphezulu kumthamo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokunganyangeki ngokugqithisileyo.Ekupakisheni, inkampani yasungula i-Mellagrid AF yokupakisha igridi echasene ne-fouling, efanelekileyo kwizicelo zokupakisha ezingcolileyo, ezifana namacandelo okuhlamba i-vacuum tower.

I-Pilling yongeza ukuba kwimiba ephuphuma ugwebu, u-Sulzer usebenze ngendlela entlantlu-mbini.“Ngelixa siphuhlisa izixhobo kunye noyilo lokujongana nezicelo ezinogwebu, sikwasebenza nabathengi bethu ukumisela izicelo ezinokubakho ugwebu,” utshilo.Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba kukho amagwebu, ungawayila.Ziimeko apho umthengi uya kuba nemeko yogwebu kwaye engazi malunga nayo ethanda ukudala iingxaki.Sibona zonke iintlobo zogwebu olunje ngoMarangoni, uRoss ephuphuma amagwebu namagwebu eenxalenye yaye sisebenzisana nabathengi ukuchonga iimeko ezinjalo.”

Kwaye, kwizicelo apho ukungcola kunye nokupheka kunokuba nzima kakhulu, i-Koch-Glitsch iphuhlise iProflux yenkonzo enzima yokupakisha igridi, utsho uNieuwoudt (Umfanekiso 1).Ukupakishwa kwegridi yenkonzo ephezulu yokusebenza ephezulu idibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokupakishwa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuqina kunye nokuchasana okungalunganga kokupakishwa kwegridi.Yindibano yamalaphu esomeleleyo adityaniswe abe yigeyiji enzima.Udibaniso lwe-welded rod assembly kunye namaphepha athathiweyo obuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kubonelela ngoyilo oluqinileyo oluchasayo umonakalo ovela kwinqaba okanye ukukhukuliseka.Izikhewu phakathi kwamaphepha zibonelela ngokuphucuka kokuchaneka kokungcola.“Ukupakishwa kufakwe phantse izihlandlo ezili-100 ngoku kwiinkonzo zobubi kakhulu kwaye ziqhuba kakuhle ngokwenene xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezitshintshayo.Ubomi obude kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo olusezantsi kunika iziphumo zokuhla kweendleko zokusebenza kumthengi,” utshilo uNieuwoudt.

Umzobo 1. I-Proflux-inkonzo enzima-inkonzo yokupakisha igridi yokupakisha igridi yenkonzo ephezulu yokusebenza enzima edibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokupakishwa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokomelela kunye nokuchasana nokungahambi kakuhle kwegridi yokupakisha i-Koch-Glitsch.

Xa kuziwa kwi-distillation, kukho kwakhona imingeni ehlala ngqo kwinkqubo efuna ukulungiswa ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo.

"Kukho imakethi yezisombululo ezenziwe ngokufanelekileyo ezilungelelaniswe kwinkqubo ethile kunye neemfuno zabathengi," utshilo uChristian Geipel, umlawuli olawulayo, kunye neRVT Process Equipment (Steinwiesen, eJamani; www.rvtpe.com).“Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kuhlaziyo lwezityalo ezikhoyo ezithi zitshintshwe ukuze zifezekise iimfuno ezintsha.Imiceli mngeni yahlukile kwaye ibandakanya iinjongo ezinje ngobude obude nobunokuqikelelwa ngakumbi bezicelo ezigwenxa, umthamo ophakamileyo kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza ukuze ube bhetyebhetye ngakumbi. "

Ukujongana neemfuno ezithile, i-RVT iphuhlise ukupakisha okucwangcisiweyo okuphezulu, i-SP-Line (Umfanekiso 2)."Ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwejiyometri yetshaneli, ukuhla koxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nomthamo ophezulu uyafezekiswa."Ngaphaya koko, kwimithwalo yolwelo ephantsi kakhulu, omnye umceli mngeni othe ngqo wesicelo, ezi zipakisho zinokudityaniswa neentlobo ezintsha zabasasazi bolwelo.“Isixhobo esiphuculiweyo sosasazo lombhobho wokutshiza esidibanisa imilomo yokutshiza kunye neepleyiti zokutshiza saphuhliswa kwaye sisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwizicelo ezinje ngeekholamu zokucofa zokucoca,” utshilo uGeipel."Yehlisa ukunyanzeliswa kwaye ngenxa yoko iphosakele kumacandelo okupakisha ngaphezulu komthengisi ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho wokuhanjiswa kolwelo kwicandelo lokupakisha elingezantsi."

Umzobo 2. Ukupakishwa okutsha, okusemgangathweni ophezulu, i-SP-Line esuka kwi-RVT, inikezela ngejometri yejeloji elungisiweyo, ukuhla koxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-RVT Process Equipment.

Omnye umsasazi omtsha wolwelo ovela kwi-RVT (Umfanekiso 3) ngumsasazi wohlobo lwesitya kunye neepleyiti ze-splash ezidibanisa amazinga aphantsi olwelo kunye noluhlu oluphezulu lokusebenza kunye noyilo oluqinileyo, oluxhathisayo.

Umfanekiso 3. Kuba imithwalo engamanzi ephantsi kakhulu, omnye umngeni isicelo-specific, ukupakisha inokudityaniswa neentlobo ezintsha abasasazi ulwelo RVT Process Equipment.

Ngokufanayo, i-GTC Technology US, LLC (Houston; www.gtctech.com) iphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha zokuncedisa abaqhubekisi ngokuphucula ukusebenza kweekholomu ze-distillation ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zabo ezithile.Olunye uphuhliso lwamva nje lubandakanya iitreyi ze-GT-OPTIM ezisebenza kakhulu, utshilo uBrad Fleming, umphathi jikelele wecandelo leGTC's Process Equipment Technology.Amakhulu ofakelo lwemizi-mveliso kunye novavanyo kwiFractionation Research Inc. (FRI; Stillwater, Okla.; www.fri.org) baye babonisa ukuba itreyi yokusebenza okuphezulu ifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphuculwa komthamo kwiitreyi eziqhelekileyo.Iitreyi ezinqamlezayo zilungelelaniswa kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi wokugqibela ukuphumeza ukusebenza kakuhle ngokudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye nezixhobo ezenza uyilo lwetreyi nganye.UFleming uthi: “Sinokubonelela ngengqokelela yobugcisa kunye neempawu ezinokusetyenziswa ukuze kujongwane neenjongo ezithile."Enye injongo yeprosesa inokuba kukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa enye ifuna ukonyusa umthamo kwaye enye ifuna ukunciphisa ukwehla koxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukwandisa ixesha lokusebenza.Sinezixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kuluhlu lwethu loyilo lwezixhobo, ke siyakwazi ukugxila kwinjongo yomthengi ekujoliswe kuyo kuphuculo lwenkqubo ethile. ”

Okwangoku, i-AMACS iye yajongana nomnye umngeni oqhelekileyo we-distillation ojongene ne-petroleum refineries, izityalo ze-petrochemical, izityalo zegesi kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo.Rhoqo, igubu lokunkqonkqoza elithe nkqo okanye isahluli esinezixhobo zokuphelisa inkungu efakiweyo iyasilela ukususa ulwelo lwasimahla kumjelo werhasi.UGarcia we-AMACS uthi: “Endaweni yokuzama ukulungisa okanye ukulungisa iimpawu, sikhangela oyena nobangela, odla ngokubandakanya izixhobo zokuphelisa inkungu kwigubu lokunkqonkqoza.Ukujongana nale ngxaki, inkampani yavelisa i-Maxswirl Cyclone, i-high-capacity, i-high-effect-efficiency-definition device esebenzisa imikhosi ye-centrifugal ukubonelela ngokusebenza kokuhlukana komgangatho.

Iityhubhu ze-Maxswirl Cyclone ziquka i-swirl element esisigxina, esebenzisa amandla ase-centrifugal kumphunga ozele yinkungu ukwahlula ulwelo olungenisiweyo ukusuka ekuhambeni kwerhasi.Kule nkanyamba ye-axial-flow, i-centrifugal force enesiphumo ityhala amathontsi olwelo ngaphandle, apho enza ifilimu elulwelo kudonga lwangaphakathi lwenkanyamba.Ulwelo ludlula kwi-slits eludongeni lwetyhubhu kwaye luqokelelwa ezantsi kwebhokisi yenkanyamba kwaye lukhutshwe ngumxhuzulane.Irhasi eyomileyo igxile kumbindi wetyhubhu yenkanyamba kwaye iphuma ngenkanyamba.

Okwangoku, i-DeDietrich (i-Mainz, eJamani; www.dedietrich.com) igxile kwimigudu yokubonelela ngeekholamu kunye nabangaphakathi kwiinkqubo ezinobungozi kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kwi-390 ° F, utshilo u-Edgar Steffin, intloko yentengiso kunye noDeDietrich.Iikholomu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-DN1000 zenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate ye-QVF 3.3 okanye i-DeDietrich enentsimbi yeglasi.Iikholamu ezinkulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-DN2400 zenziwe ngentsimbi yeglasi ye-DeDietrich kuphela.Izinto ezichasene nokugqwala zenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE okanye iTantalum "(Umfanekiso 4).

Umzobo 4. I-DeDietrich igxininisa kwiikholomu kunye nangaphakathi kwiinkqubo ezinobungozi kakhulu kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-390 ° F.Iikholamu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-DN1000 zenziwe ngeglasi ye-QVF ye-borosilicate 3.3 okanye i-DeDietrich yentsimbi eneglasi.Iikholamu ezinkulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-DN2400 zenziwe ngentsimbi yeglasi ye-DeDietrich kuphela.Izinto ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion zenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE okanye tantalum DeDietrich

Wongezelela ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-300 ° F zifuna ukuphepha kwe-PTFE.I-SiC inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwaye ivumela uyilo lwabasasazi abakhulu kunye nabaqokeleli abangakhathali kangako kwisondlo esiqulethe izinto eziqinileyo okanye ezo zithande ukuphosa ugwebu, i-degas okanye ukudanyaza.

I-Durapack yenkampani yokupakisha ehleliweyo kwiglasi ye-borosilicate i-3.3 ifanelekile kwi-glass-resistant-resistant glass 3.3 okanye i-glass-lined steel columns, njengoko inokumelana ne-corrosion efanayo njengekholomu yeglasi kwaye igcina ukuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neepolymers.Iglasi ye-Borosilicate 3.3 ayinazimbobo, enciphisa kakhulu ukhukuliseko kunye nokuhlwa xa kuthelekiswa nokupakishwa kweceramic elinganayo.

Kwaye, iinqaba ezinecala elisikiweyo, kodwa zingasebenzi kakuhle, utshilo uFleming weGTC, inokuba ngabaviwa abalungileyo bokwahlula-hlula itekhnoloji yekholamu yodonga."Iikholomu ezininzi ze-distillation zinemveliso ephezulu kunye nesezantsi, kunye nemveliso yecala, kodwa oku kuza ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thermal.Ukwahlula iteknoloji yekholomu yodonga - apho uhlaziya ikholamu yendabuko - yindlela enye yokwandisa umthamo ngelixa unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okanye ukunciphisa ukungcola kwemveliso yeemveliso, "utsho (Umfanekiso 5).

Umfanekiso 5. IiTowers ezinecala lokusikwa, kodwa zingasebenzi kakuhle ngokwe-thermal, zinokuba ngabaviwa abalungileyo bokwahlula-hlula-udonga lobuchwephesha bekholomu ye-GTC Technologies.

Ikholamu yodonga olwahlulahlulayo ihlukanisa i-multi-component feed ibe yimijelo emithathu okanye ngaphezulu ehlanjululweyo ngaphakathi kwenqaba enye, ukuphelisa imfuno yekholamu yesibini.Uyilo lusebenzisa udonga oluthe nkqo ukwahlula phakathi kwekholomu ibe ngamacandelo amabini.Isondlo sithunyelwa kwelinye icala lekholamu, ebizwa ngokuba yicandelo langaphambili.Apho, amacandelo okukhanya ahamba phezulu kwikholomu, apho ahlanjululwa khona, ngelixa izinto ezinzima zihamba phantsi kwekholomu.Ukuhamba kolwelo olusuka kumphezulu wekholomu kunye nokuhamba komphunga ukusuka ezantsi kuhanjiswe kumacala awo ahlukeneyo eludongeni olwahlulayo.

Ukusuka kwicala elichasene nodonga, imveliso yecala isuswa kwindawo apho amacandelo abilisayo aphakathi agxininiswe kakhulu.Olu lungelelwaniso luyakwazi ukuvelisa imveliso ephakathi esulungekileyo kunekholamu eqhelekileyo yomzobo osecaleni womsebenzi ofanayo, kunye nokuhamba okuphezulu.

"Uguqulo kwikholamu yodonga olwahlulahlulo luyaphandwa xa ujonge ukwenza uphuculo olubalulekileyo awunakwenza ngenye indlela ngaphakathi kwemiqobo yenqaba yemveli, kodwa ukuba ungaguqukela kwitekhnoloji yodonga olwahlulahlulayo, uyakubona ukuncipha okukhulu. ekusebenziseni amandla,” utshilo.Ngokubanzi, kukho ukucutha kwe-25 ukuya kwi-30% kusetyenziso lwamandla ngokubanzi kwisiphumo esinikiweyo, isivuno esiphucuke kakhulu kunye nokucoceka kweemveliso kwaye ngokufuthi ukonyuka kokuphuma, ngokunjalo.

Wongezelela ukuba kukho nethuba lokusebenzisa ikholomu yodonga olwahlula-hlula ukubuyisela ulandelelwano lwendabuko lweenqaba ezimbini."Ungasebenzisa iikholamu zodonga olwahlula-hlula ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo kwaye uvelise iimveliso ezifanayo, kodwa uyenza kwinqaba enye ebonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa neskimu seenqaba ezimbini.Kwindawo ephantsi, ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kwenkcitho eyinkunzi kunokufezekiswa ngetekhnoloji yolwahlulo lwekholamu eludongeni. ”

Olu papasho luqulethe okubhaliweyo, imizobo, imifanekiso, kunye nezinye iziqulatho (zizonke “Umxholo”), ezizezinjongo zolwazi kuphela.Amanqaku athile aqulathe iingcebiso zombhali kuphela.UKUXHOMELA KULO NALUPHI ULWAZI OLUNIKEZELWE KOLUPAPASHO KUPHELA KUSEMNGCIPHEkweni WAKHO.© 2019 Access Intelligence, LLC – Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.