Mumakemikari process industries (CPI), mazhinji ekuparadzanisa anoitwa kuburikidza ne distillation makoramu.Uye, kana iyo yese yemaitiro ichitsamira pane iwo makoramu, kusashanda, mabhodhoro uye kuvhara zvinonetsa.Mukuyedza kuchengetedza maitirwo e distillation - uye mamwe ese chirimwa - achidhumhana pamwe chete, makoramu emukati ari kukwenenzverwa uye kugadzirwazve kubatsira kukwenenzvera uye kuvimbika kwemakoramu.

“Kungave kuri mukunatsa, kugadzira makemikari kana kugadzira mapurasitiki, kupatsanurwa kwakawanda pakati pemakemikari eorganic kuri kuitwa ne distillation.Panguva imwe cheteyo, kune dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose yevanogadziridza makemikari kuita kuti maitiro avo awedzere kudhura, "anodaro Izak Nieuwoudt, mukuru wezvemichina weKoch-Glitsch (Wichita, Kan.; www.koch-glitsch.com)."Nemhaka yekuti makoramu ezvinwiwa anoshandisa simba rakakura uye nekuti vanhu havadi kupedza nguva yakawanda vachigadzira michina, kuwedzera kushanda nesimba uye kuvimbika kwemakoramu kuri pamberi izvozvi."

Kazhinji mushure mekuita basa, ma processor anoona kuti kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura zvavaitarisira, anodaro Antonio Garcia, maneja wekusimudzira bhizinesi rekufambisa neAMACS Process Tower Internals (Arlington, Tex.; www.amacs.com)."Kuti vawane simba rekushandisa zviri nani, vanofanirwa kuongorora zvavanogona kuti vavandudze mashandiro ekufambisa," anodaro."Pamusoro pezvo, ma processor anowanzo kutsvaga nzira dzekubvisa bhodhoro kuitira kuti awane kupatsanurwa kuri nani uye zvinodikanwa zvekugona uye kukanganisa chinhu chinowanzokonzera mabhodhoro, saka kutsvaga matekinoroji anobatsira nenyaya idzi kwakakoshawo."

Mabhodhoro uye nguva yekudzikira inokonzerwa nekukanganisa kana nyaya dzemuchina, senge vibration kana michina mukati memakoramu ari kuparadzaniswa, anogona kudhura zvakanyanya."Inodhura zvakanyanya pese paunofanirwa kuvhara mbiru ye distillation, nekuti inowanzo konzera kuvharika kwekumusoro uye kudzika mayunitsi, zvakare," anodaro Nieuwoudt."Uye, kuvharika kusina kurongwa uku kunokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru pazuva."

Nechikonzero ichi, vagadziri ve column internals vari kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira processors mukuwedzera simba rekuita uye kuvimbika.

Kutsiva akajairwa matireyi uye kurongedza neatsva, epamberi mhinduro kazhinji inodiwa kune processor iri kutsvaga kugona kwepamusoro, kugona uye kuvimbika, saka vagadziri vanogara vachitarisa kunatsa pane zvavanopa.

Semuenzaniso, Raschig GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany; www.raschig.com) ichangobva kuburitsa iyo Raschig Super-Ring Plus, nyowani, yepamusoro-inoshanda isina kurongeka packing inodarika kuita kweRaschig Ring yapfuura."Iyo yakagadziridzwa chimiro cheRaschig Super-Ring Plus inogonesa humwe huwandu hwekuwedzera pane inogara ichiita," anodaro Micheal Schultes, technical director kuRaschig."Chigadzirwa chacho mhedzisiro yekugadzirwa kwekugadzira kwakavakirwa pamakore mazhinji ekutsvaga.Chinangwa chaive chekugara nemabhenefiti ese eSuper-Ring, asi kuvandudza kugona uye kuderedza kudonha.

Chigadzirwa chinokonzeresa chinoderedza kudonha kwekudzvanya nekuronga flat sinusoidal mitsetse kuita yakavhurika yakanyanyisa chimiro, inowedzera simba nekuyerera kwefirimu kufarira pane inoenderera sinusoidal-strip gadziriro, inowedzera kushanda nekudzikisa madonhwe ekuumbwa mukati mekurongedza uye inoderedza kusvibisa maitiro nekudzikisa donhwe kusimudzira uye kupa yakaderera. pressure drop.Fouling senitivity zvakare inoderedzwa nekugadzira anoenderera emvura mafirimu, kunyorova iyo yese yekurongedza chinhu.

Saizvozvo, AMACS yanga ichiita tsvagiridzo yekuvandudza chigadzirwa chayo cheSuperBlend."Tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti nekutsiva kurongeka kwagara kuripo neSuperBlend 2-PAC yedu, kushanda kweshongwe kunogona kuwedzerwa ne20% kana huwandu ne15%," anodaro Moize Turkey, maneja, engineering engineering, neAMACS.Iyo SuperBlend 2-PAC tekinoroji musanganiswa wepamusoro-kuita kurongedza saizi yakaiswa mumubhedha mumwe."Isu tinosanganisa saizi mbiri dzeakanakisa simbi isina geometry uye, kana yasanganiswa, musanganiswa une patent unowana mabhenefiti ehudiki hwekurongedza, tichichengeta huwandu uye kudonha kwekumanikidza kwehukuru hwekurongedza," anodaro.Mubhedha wakasanganiswa unokurudzirwa kunyura nekubvisa, kuchenesa makemikari distillation, kunatsa mafractionators uye mikana yekudzoreredza mune chero misa- kana kupisa-yekutamisa tower inoganhurwa neyakajairwa kana yechitatu-chizvarwa kurongedza zvisina tsarukano.

Kuvandudzwa kwevemukati memukati kuri kuvandudzwa zvakare kubatsira nenyaya dzakaita sehuipi uye mamiriro akaoma.

"Kuvimbika kwakakosha zvakanyanya pakufunga kwezuva nezuva.Hazvinei kuti mudziyo unoshanda zvakadii, kana ukatadza kumirisana nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, haubudiriri,” anodaro Mark Pilling, maneja wehunyanzvi hweUSA with Sulzer (Winterthur, Switzerland; www.sulzer). com)."Sulzer apedza nguva yakawanda mumakore mashanu apfuura achigadzira mutsara wakazara wemidziyo isingaite."Mumatireyi, kambani inopa VG AF uye anti-fouling matireyi, uye ichangobva kuvhura UFM AF mavharuvhu, ayo ari maviri epamusoro mashandiro ekugona uye kushanda nesimba, pamwe nekunyanya kutadza kuramba.Mukurongedzerwa, kambani yakatanga Mellagrid AF anti-fouling grid packings, ayo akakodzera zvakanyanya kusvibisa kurongedza maapplication, senge vacuum tower wash zvikamu.

Pilling anowedzera kuti kunyaya dzekupupa furo, Sulzer anga achishanda nenzira ine mativi maviri.“Kunyangwe tichigadzira michina nemadhizaini ekushandisa maapplication ari kupupuma furo, tinoshandawo nevatengi vedu kuona zvingangobuda furo,” anodaro.“Ukangoziva kuti furo ririko, unogona kuzvigadzira.Ndidzo nyaya apo mutengi anenge aine furo mamiriro uye asingazive nezvazvo izvo zvinowanzokonzera matambudziko.Tinoona marudzi ose okupupuma furo, akadai saMarangoni, Ross achipupuma furo uye tinoshanda nevatengi kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.”

Uye, kune zvikumbiro apo kusvibisa uye kubika kunogona kuve kwakanyanya, Koch-Glitsch yakagadzira Proflux yakaoma-sevhisi grid packing, anodaro Nieuwoudt (Mufananidzo 1).Iyo nyowani-yepamusoro-inoshanda yakanyanya-sevhisi grid packing inosanganisa kugona kwekurongedza kwakarongeka nekusimba uye kushatisa kuramba kwegridi kurongedza.Isangano remarata akasimba ane marata akasonwa kuti ave marevy-gauge rods.Iko kusanganiswa kwewelded rod assembly uye marata masheets ekuwedzera zvinhu ukobvu anopa yakasimba dhizaini inopokana nekukuvadzwa kubva kushongwe inogumbura kana kukurwa.Iyo mikaha pakati pemashiti inopa yakagadziridzwa fouling kuramba.“Kurongedzerwa kwacho kwakaiswa kanoda kusvika ka100 mumabasa anotyisa uye ari kunyatsoita zvakanaka kana zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvaari kutsiva.Upenyu hwekufamba kwenguva uye kudzikira kwedziviriro kunoita kuti mutengi adzikire mari dzekushandisa,” anodaro Nieuwoudt.

Mufananidzo 1. Proflux yakaoma-service grid packing ndeyepamusoro-inoshanda-yakaomarara-sevhisi grid packing iyo inosanganisa kugona kweyakagadziriswa kurongedza nekusimba uye kutadza kuramba kwegridi kurongedza Koch-Glitsch.

Kana zvasvika kune distillation, kune zvakare kazhinji zvinonetsa zvakanangana nemaitiro anoda kugadziriswa kuburikidza neakakosha matanho.

"Kune musika wemhinduro dzakagadzirwa dzakatariswa kune chaiyo maitiro uye zvinodiwa nevatengi," anodaro Christian Geipel, maneja director, neRVT Process Equipment (Steinwiesen, Germany; www.rvtpe.com).“Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda pakuvandudzwa kwezvirimwa zviripo izvo zvinogadziridzwa kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvitsva.Matambudziko acho akasiyana uye anosanganisira zvinangwa zvakaita sehurefu uye hurefu hunofungidzirwa hwekushandisa zvisina kunaka, huwandu hwepamusoro uye kuderera kwekudzvinyirira kana kuwanda kwekushanda kwekuwedzera.

Kuti igadzirise zvinodiwa zvakananga, RVT yakagadzira yakakwirira-yakarongeka yakarongeka packing, iyo SP-Line (Mufananidzo 2)."Nekuda kwekugadziridzwa kwegeometry chiteshi, kuderera kuderera uye huwandu hwepamusoro hunowanikwa."Kupfuurirazve, kune yakaderera kwazvo mitoro yemvura, imwe application-chaiyo dambudziko, aya mapaketi anogona kusanganiswa nemhando nyowani dzevanogovera mvura."Muchina wakagadziridzwa wekupfapfaidza nozzle unosanganisa mabhureki epfapfaidzo nemapuleti esplash wakagadzirwa uye unoshandiswa zvinobudirira mumashandisirwo akaita semakoramu ekunatsa," anodaro Geipel."Iyo inoderedza kuvharirwa uye nekudaro kukanganisa muzvikamu zvekurongedza pamusoro pemugovera pasina kupa mhando yekugovera mvura kune chikamu chekurongedza pazasi."

Mufananidzo 2. Itsva, yepamusoro-soro yakarongeka yakarongedza, iyo SP-Line kubva kuRVT, inopa yakagadziridzwa chiteshi geometry, yakaderera kudonhedza kudonha uye yakakwirira huwandu hweRVT Maitiro Equipment.

Mumwe muparadzi mutsva wemvura kubva kuRVT (Mufananidzo 3) idhizaini-mhando yekugovera ine splash plates inosanganisa yakaderera mvura mwero ine yakakwirira yekushanda dhizaini uye yakasimba, isingaite dhizaini.

Mufananidzo 3. Kune yakaderera kwazvo mitoro yemvura, imwe application-chaiyo dambudziko, kurongedza kunogona kusanganiswa nemhando nyowani dzemvura inogovera RVT Process Equipment.

Saizvozvo, GTC Technology US, LLC (Houston; www.gtctech.com) iri kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva kubatsira ma processor nekuvandudza mashandiro emakoramu edistillation zvichienderana nezvavanoda chaizvo.Chimwe chezvichangobva kuitika zvinosanganisira GT-OPTIM yepamusoro-soro matireyi, anodaro Brad Fleming, maneja mukuru weGTC's Process Equipment Technology division.Mazana ekumisikidzwa kwemaindasitiri pamwe nekuyedzwa kuFractionation Research Inc. (FRI; Stillwater, Okla.; www.fri.org) vakaratidza kuti tireyi yepamusoro-soro inobudirira zvikuru uye kuvandudza simba pamusoro pematireyi akajairika.Iwo muchinjika-kuyerera matireyi akagadziridzwa kune yekupedzisira mushandisi anodiwa kuti awane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wepatented uye zvevaridzi zvishandiso zvinogadzira yega yega dhizaini."Tinogona kupa muunganidzwa wemichina uye maficha anogona kushandiswa kuti agadzirise zvinangwa chaizvo," anodaro Fleming."Chinangwa chepurosesa chinogona kunge chiri chekuwedzera kugona, ukuwo chimwe chichida kuwedzera hunyanzvi uye chimwe chichida kudzikisa kudonha, kudzikisira kutadza kana kuwedzera nguva yekumhanya.Tine zvombo zvakawanda zvakasiyana mumidziyo yedu yekugadzira arsenal, saka isu tinokwanisa kutarisa kune chinangwa chemutengi chekuvandudza kwavo maitiro. "

Zvichakadaro, AMACS yakagadzirisa imwe dambudziko rinowanzosangana nepetroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, zvidyarwa zvegasi nezvimwe zvivakwa zvakafanana.Kazhinji, vertical knockout drum kana separator ine mhute-kubvisa midziyo yakaiswa inotadza kubvisa yemahara mvura kubva kune process gasi rwizi.“Panzvimbo pokuedza kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa zviratidzo, tinotsvaka chikonzero chacho, icho chinowanzobatanidza midziyo inobvisa mhute mudhiramu rokugogodza,” anodaro Garcia weAMACS.Kugadzirisa dambudziko racho, kambani yakagadzira Maxswirl Cyclone, yepamusoro-soro, yepamusoro-soro yekubvisa mhute inoshandisa masimba e-centrifugal kupa hurumende-ye-ye-art yekuparadzanisa kushanda.

Iyo Maxswirl Cyclone machubhu ane yakagadziriswa swirl element, iyo inoshandisa centrifugal simba pamhute-yakaremerwa mhute kuparadzanisa mvura yakadzivirirwa kubva kuyerera kwegasi.Mune iyi axial-flow cyclone, iyo inokonzeresa centrifugal simba inosundira madonhwe emvura kunze, kwaanogadzira firimu remvura pamadziro emukati.Iyo mvura inopfuura nemumitsetse mumadziro echubhu uye inounganidzwa pazasi pebhokisi remupupuri uye inodonhedzwa negiravhiti.Iyo gasi yakaoma inonangana nepakati pechamupupuri uye inobuda nemudutu.

Zvichakadaro, DeDietrich (Mainz, Germany; www.dedietrich.com) iri kutarisisa nhamburiko pakupa makoramu uye vemukati memaitiro anoparadza zvakanyanya pakupisa kusvika ku390 ° F, anodaro Edgar Steffin, mukuru wekushambadzira neDeDietrich.Makoramu anosvika kuDN1000 anogadzirwa neQVF borosilicate girazi 3.3 kana DeDietrich girazi-lined simbi.Makoramu makuru anosvika kuDN2400 anogadzirwa neDeDietrich girazi-lined simbi chete.Zvinhu zvisingadziviriri zvinogadzirwa negirazi re borosilicate 3.3, SiC, PTFE kana Tantalum "(Mufananidzo 4).

Mufananidzo 4. DeDietrich inotarisa pamakoramu uye mukati memaitiro ekuora zvakanyanya pakupisa kusvika ku390 ° F.Makoramu anosvika kuDN1000 anogadzirwa neQVF borosilicate girazi 3.3 kana DeDietrich girazi-lined simbi.Makoramu makuru anosvika kuDN2400 anogadzirwa neDeDietrich girazi-lined simbi chete.Izvo zvisingadziviriri zvinhu zvinogadzirwa ne borosilicate girazi 3.3, SiC, PTFE kana tantalum DeDietrich.

Anowedzera kuti maitiro mazhinji pamatembiricha akakwira pamusoro pe300 ° F anoda kudziviswa kwePTFE.SiC ine tembiricha yakakwira kuramba uye inobvumidza dhizaini yevagovanisi vakakura uye vateresi vasinganyanyi kutarisisa mafeed ane solids kana ayo ari kuita furo, degas kana kupenya.

Iyo kambani Durapack yakarongeka yakarongedza mu borosilicate girazi 3.3 inokodzera girazi risingadziviriri girazi 3.3 kana girazi-lined simbi makoramu, sezvo ine imwechete inodzivirira kupisa segirazi mbiru uye inochengeta kugadzikana kwayo kwekupisa pakupisa kwepamusoro kana ichienzaniswa nemapolima.Borosilicate girazi 3.3 haina-porous, iyo inocheka zvakanyanya kukukurwa uye ngura zvichienzaniswa neyakaenzana ceramic packing.

Uye, shongwe dzine mativi akachekwa, asi dzisingashande zvakanaka, inodaro GTC's Fleming, inogona kunge iri vamiriri vakanaka vekupatsanura-madziro column tekinoroji."Makoramu mazhinji edistillation ane chigadzirwa chepamusoro nechepazasi, pamwe nedivi-dhirowa chigadzirwa, asi neizvi zvinouya kusashanda kwakawanda kwekupisa.Dividing-wall column tekinoroji - kwaunovandudza mbiru yechinyakare - ndiyo imwe nzira yekuwedzera hunyanzvi uchidzikisa simba rekushandisa kana kuderedza goho rekusachena kwezvigadzirwa, "anodaro (Mufananidzo 5).

Mufananidzo 5. Shongwe dzine mativi akachekwa, asi dzisingakwanisi kupisa, dzinogona kunge dziri vakwikwidzi vakanaka pakukamura-wall column tekinoroji GTC Technologies.

Iyo inopatsanura-yemadziro mbiru inopatsanura yakawanda-chikamu chekudya kuita hova nhatu kana kupfuura dzakacheneswa mukati meshongwe imwe chete, kubvisa kudiwa kwekoramu yechipiri.Magadzirirwo acho anoshandisa madziro akamira kuti apatsanure pakati pembiru kuita zvikamu zviviri.Chikafu chinotumirwa kune rumwe rutivi rwekoramu, inonzi pre-fractionation chikamu.Ikoko, zvikamu zvechiedza zvinofamba kumusoro kwembiru, kwazvinocheneswa, nepo zvinorema zvinofamba zvichidzika pasi.Mvura inoyerera kubva kumusoro kwembiru uye mhute inoyerera ichibva pasi inofambiswa kumativi azvo emadziro anopatsanura.

Kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwemadziro, chigadzirwa chemativi chinobviswa kubva munzvimbo iyo zvikamu zvepakati-kubikira zvakanyanya kunyanya.Urongwa uhwu hunokwanisa kugadzira chigadzirwa chepakati chakachena pane chakajairwa padivi-draw column yebasa rimwe chete, uye nekuyerera kwepamusoro.

"Kushandurwa kuita shongwe yekuparadzanisa-madziro kunoferefetwa kana iwe uchitarisa kugadzirisa kwakakosha iwe haungaite neimwe nzira mukati mezvipingamupinyi zveshongwe yechinyakare, asi kana ukakwanisa kushandura kuita dhizaini-yemadziro tekinoroji, uchaona kuderera kukuru. mukushandiswa kwesimba,” anodaro."Kazhinji, kune kudzikiswa kwe25 kusvika 30% mukushandiswa kwesimba kwese kune yakapihwa, goho rakavandudzwa zvakanyanya uye kuchena kwezvigadzirwa uye kazhinji kuwedzera kwekuwedzera, zvakare."

Anowedzera kuti pane zvakare mukana wekushandisa mbiru-yemadziro mbiru kutsiva echinyakare-shongwe mbiri kutevedzana."Unogona kushandisa mbiru dzemadziro kuita basa rimwe chete uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakafanana, asi uri kuzviita mune imwe shongwe yemuviri uchienzanisa nechirongwa cheshongwe mbiri.Munzvimbo dzakadzika, kudzikiswa kwakakura kwekushandiswa kwemari kunogona kuwanikwa nekukamura-wall column tekinoroji. "

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