No nā poʻe maʻi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka orthopedic implant, ʻo nā maʻi bacterial a me nā pane kūlohelohe i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka maʻi i hoʻoweliweli mau i ke ola.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ola kino maʻamau i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ke kino, kahi e hoʻokomo ai ka bacteria i ka wahi i ʻeha a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi postoperative.No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻomohala i nā pale pale pale pale pale no nā implants orthopedic.Maʻaneʻi, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi ʻenehana hoʻololi o ka ʻili no nā implants orthopedic i kapa ʻia ʻo Lubricated Orthopedic Implant Surface (LOIS), ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ʻili laulima o nā pitcher plant pitchers.Loaʻa i ka LOIS ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa wai lōʻihi a ikaika i nā ʻano wai like ʻole a me nā mea ola (me nā cell, proteins, calcium a me ka bacteria).Eia kekahi, ua hōʻoia mākou i ka ikaika mechanical e kū'ē i nā'ōpala a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka ikaika ma o ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka pōʻino hikiʻole ke pale i ka wā o ka hana in vitro.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka iwi rabbit no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano anti-biological scaling a me ka anti-infection o LOIS.Manaʻo mākou ʻo LOIS, nona nā waiwai anti-biofouling a me ka lōʻihi o ka mīkini, kahi pae i mua i ka hana orthopedic me ka maʻi ʻole.
I kēia lā, ma muli o ka ʻelemakule holoʻokoʻa, ua piʻi nui ka nui o nā poʻe maʻi e loaʻa ana i nā maʻi orthopedic (e like me nā haʻihaʻi kahiko, nā maʻi hui degenerative, a me ka osteoporosis) (1, 2).No laila, pili nui nā keʻena lapaʻau i ke kāʻei orthopedic, me nā implants orthopedic o nā screws, nā papa, nā kui a me nā hui artificial (3, 4).Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea kanu orthopedic kuʻuna i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka maʻi bacterial a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka biofilm, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi o ke kahua o ka ʻokiʻoki (SSI) ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana (5, 6).Ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka biofilm ma ka ʻili o ka implant orthopedic, e paʻakikī loa ka wehe ʻana o ka biofilm me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano nui o nā lāʻau antibiotic.No laila, alakaʻi pinepine ia i nā maʻi postoperative koʻikoʻi (7, 8).Ma muli o nā pilikia i luna aʻe, pono ka mālama ʻana i nā implants i hoʻopili ʻia me ka hana hou ʻana, me ka wehe ʻana i nā implants āpau a me nā ʻiʻo a puni;no laila, e ʻeha nui ka mea maʻi a me kekahi mau pilikia (9, 10).
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā implants orthopedic drug-eluting e pale ai i ka maʻi ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka bacteria i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili (11, 12).Eia naʻe, ke hōʻike nei ka hoʻolālā i kekahi mau palena.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokomo lōʻihi ʻana o nā mea kanu lāʻau-eluting i hōʻino ʻia i nā ʻiʻo a puni a hoʻoulu i ka mumū, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka necrosis (13, 14).Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik e hiki mai ana ma hope o ke kaʻina hana o ka lāʻau-eluting orthopedic implants, i pāpā loa ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration, e koi i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou e hoʻokō i kāna mau kūlana (15).He mea paʻakikī nā implants lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a ma muli o kā lākou hoʻouka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana lōʻihi i ka lāʻau (16).
ʻO kekahi hoʻolālā maʻamau, ʻo ka uhi ʻana i ka implant me kahi polymer antifouling e pale ai i ka mea olaola a me ka bacteria mai ka pili ʻana i ka ʻili (17).No ka laʻana, ua huki nā polimer zwitterionic i ka nānā ʻana ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai non-adhesive i ka wā e hoʻopili ai me nā protein plasma, cell, a me ka bacteria.Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau palena e pili ana i ka paʻa lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi o ka mīkini, kahi e keʻakeʻa ai i kāna hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā implants orthopedic, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma muli o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mīkini i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana (18, 19).Eia kekahi, ma muli o kona biocompatibility kiʻekiʻe, nele i ka pono no ka wehe ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā waiwai ma o ka corrosion, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā implants orthopedic i hana ʻia me nā mea biodegradable (20, 21).I ka wā o ka corrosion, ua wāwahi ʻia nā paʻa kemika ma waena o ka matrix polymer a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka ʻili, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā mea pili i ka ʻili.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe anti-biological e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻāina i ka manawa pōkole.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer) (PLGA), polylactic acid (PLA) a me ka magnesium-based alloys e loaʻa i ka biodegradation uneven a me ka erosion i loko o ke kino, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ka paʻa mechanical.(iwakāluakūmālua).Eia kekahi, hāʻawi nā ʻāpana pā biodegradable i wahi no ka bacteria e hoʻopili ai, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa o ka maʻi i ka holo lōʻihi.ʻO kēia pilikia o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mechanical a me ka maʻi i kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka ʻoki plastik (23).
ʻO nā ʻili Superhydrophobic (SHP) e hoʻohālike ana i ke ʻano hierarchical o nā lau lotus i lilo i mea hoʻonā kūpono no nā ʻili anti-fouling (24, 25).Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻili o ka SHP i loko o ka wai, e paʻa nā ʻōpū o ka ea, a laila hana ʻia nā ʻeke ea a pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria (26).Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i ka ʻili o ka SHP i nā hemahema e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka mīkini a me ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi, ka mea e pale ai i kāna noi ʻana i nā implants olakino.Eia kekahi, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻeke ea a nalowale i kā lākou mau waiwai anti-fouling, no laila ka hopena o ka adhesion bacterial ākea ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻili o ka SHP surface (27, 28).I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Aizenberg a me nā hoa hana i kahi ala hou o ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili anti-biofouling ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻili laulima i hoʻoulu ʻia e Nepenthes pitcher plant (29, 30).Hōʻike ka ʻili maʻemaʻe i ka paʻa lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana hydraulic, he wai hoʻoheheʻe nui i nā wai olaola, a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai hoʻoponopono ponoʻī.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ala e hoʻopili ai i ka uhi ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau paʻakikī, ʻaʻole hoʻi i hōʻoia ʻia e kākoʻo i ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla o ka ʻiʻo ʻeha ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
Maʻaneʻi, hoʻolauna mākou i kahi ili implant orthopedic lubricated (LOIS), kahi micro/nano-structured orthopedic implant surface a paʻa i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻāpana lubricant lahilahi e pale aku ai i ka pili ʻana me ka hoʻoheheʻe plastik ʻO nā maʻi bacteria, e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haki.Ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana o ka fluorine-functionalized micro/nano-level structure i ka lubricant ma ka hale, hiki i ka LOIS i kūkulu ʻia ke hoʻopau piha i ka pili ʻana o nā wai like ʻole a mālama i ka hana anti-fouling no ka manawa lōʻihi.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā uhi LOIS i nā mea like ʻole i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka iwi.ʻO nā waiwai anti-biofouling maikaʻi loa o LOIS e kūʻē i ka bacteria biofilm [Pseudomonas aeruginosa a me methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)] a me nā mea ola (nā pūnaʻi, nā protein a me ka calcium) ua hōʻoia ʻia i loko o ka vitro.ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopili nui ʻana i ka substrate ma lalo o 1%.Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ma hope o ke koʻikoʻi mechanical e like me ka ʻili ʻana o ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻōla iā ia iho e ka lubricant komo i ka mālama ʻana i kāna mau waiwai anti-fouling.Hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike hoʻāʻo mechanical durability ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻololi kemika, ʻaʻole e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ikaika holoʻokoʻa.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua in vitro e hoʻohālikelike i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i loko o ke kaiapuni ʻokiʻoki e hōʻoia i hiki i ka LOIS ke pale aku i nā koʻikoʻi mechanical like ʻole e kū nei i ka wā o ka ʻoki plastik.ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi kumu hoʻohālike i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka rabbit in vivo femoral fracture, ka mea i hōʻoia i ka LOIS i nā waiwai antibacterial kiʻekiʻe a me ka biocompatibility.Ua hōʻoia nā hualoaʻa radiological a me ka histological i ka hana lubricant paʻa a me nā waiwai anti-biofouling i loko o 4 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i hiki ke loaʻa i ka hana anti-infection a me ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi.
Hōʻike ka Figure 1A i kahi kiʻi kiʻi o ka LOIS i hoʻomohala ʻia, i hoʻokomo ʻia me nā hale micro/nano-scale i loko o ke kumu hoʻohālike haʻihaʻi femoral femoral e hōʻoia i kona maikaʻi anti-biological fouling a me nā waiwai anti-infection.Hana ʻia kahi ʻano biomimetic e hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻili o kahi mea kanu ipu wai, a me ka pale ʻana i ka biofouling ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi papa lubricant i loko o ke ʻano micro/nano o ka ʻili.Hiki i ka ʻili i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka lubricant ke hōʻemi i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ola a me ka ʻili.No laila, ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea paʻa paʻa kemika ma ka ʻili, he hana antifouling maikaʻi loa a me ka paʻa lōʻihi.ʻO ka hopena, ʻae nā waiwai anti-biofouling o ka lubricating surface i nā noi kūpono i ka noiʻi biomedical.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i pau ka noiʻi nui e pili ana i ka pili ʻana o kēia ʻili kūikawā i ke kino.Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka LOIS me nā substrate ʻōlohelohe i loko o ka vitro me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka albumin a me ka biofilm bacteria, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka non-adhesiveness o LOIS (Figure 1B).Eia kekahi, ma ka ʻōwili ʻana i nā kulu wai ma luna o ka substrate hū ʻole a me ka substrate LOIS (Figure S1 a me Movie S1), hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hana contamination biological.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi microscope fluorescence, ua hōʻike ka substrate i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka protein a me ka bacteria i ka nui o nā mea olaola e pili ana i ka ʻili.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai anti-biofouling maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻo LOIS i kekahi fluorescence.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kāna mau waiwai anti-biofouling a me ka anti-infection, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo LOIS i ka ʻili o nā implants orthopedic no ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka iwi (nā papa a me nā ʻūlū) a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi kumu hoʻohālike rabbit fracture.Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka implant orthopedic olohelohe a me LOIS i loko o kahi hoʻokuʻu bacteria no 12 mau hola.ʻO ka pre-incubation e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o kahi biofilm ma ka ʻili o ka implant i hōʻike ʻia no ka hoʻohālikelike.Hōʻike ka Figure 1C i ke kiʻi o ka wahi haʻihaʻi 4 pule ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi rabbit me kahi orthopedic implant i kahi pae koʻikoʻi o ka mumū ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi biofilm ma ka ʻili o ka implant.Ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena ʻē aʻe i loko o nā lapeti i hoʻokomo ʻia me LOIS, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā ʻiʻo a puni o LOIS i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me nā hōʻailona o ka mumū.Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kiʻi optical ma ka ʻaoʻao hema e hōʻike ana i ke kahua ʻoki o ka rabbit me ka implant i hōʻike ʻia, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea hoʻopili he nui ma ka ʻili o ka implant i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka LOIS.Hōʻike kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka LOIS i ka wā lōʻihi a loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke mālama i kāna mau anti-biological fouling a me nā waiwai anti-adhesion.
(A) Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o LOIS a me kona hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o kahi kumu hoʻohālike haʻihaʻi femoral rabbit.(B) ʻO ke kiʻi microscopy fluorescence o ka protein a me ka biofilm bacteria ma ka ʻili a me ka substrate LOIS.4 pule ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, (C) he kiʻi kiʻi o ka wahi haʻihaʻi a (D) he kiʻi X-ray (i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula).Kiʻi mahalo: Kyomin Chae, Yonsei University.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā lākeke i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, i hōʻike ʻole ʻia i kahi kaʻina hoʻōla iwi maʻamau me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona o ka mumū a i ʻole ka maʻi.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā implants SHP i hoʻokomo mua ʻia i loko o kahi hoʻokuʻu bacterial e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi ma nā ʻiʻo a puni.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia i kona hiki ʻole ke kāohi i ka adhesion bacteria no ka manawa lōʻihi (Figure S2).I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻaʻole pili ka LOIS i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla, akā keʻakeʻa nei i nā maʻi hiki ke pili i ka implantation, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kiʻi X-ray o ka matrix maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia a me LOIS ma ka wahi haʻihaʻi (Figure 1D).ʻO ke kiʻi X-ray o ka implant maikaʻi ʻole i hōʻike i nā laina osteolysis mau, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i hoʻōla loa ʻia ka iwi.Hōʻike kēia e hiki ke lohi nui ke kaʻina hana hoʻolaʻa iwi ma muli o ka mumū pili i ka maʻi.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ua ola nā rabbit i hoʻokomo ʻia me LOIS a ʻaʻole i hōʻike i kahi wahi haʻihaʻi ʻike.
No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā implants olakino me ka paʻa a me ka hana lōʻihi (me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka biofouling), ua nui nā hana i hana ʻia.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea olaola like ʻole a me ka dynamics o ka tissue adhesion e kaupalena i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kā lākou mau ʻano loea.I mea e lanakila ai i kēia mau hemahema, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi micro / nano layered structure a me ka chemically modified surface, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka ikaika capillary kiʻekiʻe a me ka pili kemika e mālama i ka lubricant maʻalahi i ka nui loa.Hōʻike ka Figure 2A i ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa o LOIS.ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomākaukau i ke kila kila kila (SS) 304.ʻO ka lua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano micro/nano ma ka substrate SS ma o ka etching kemika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waika hydrofluoric (HF).No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻino o SS, hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena nitric acid (HNO3) (31) e hana i ka substrate i kālai ʻia.Hoʻonui ka passivation i ka pale ʻino o ka substrate SS a hoʻolohi nui i ke kaʻina hana ʻino e hōʻemi i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o LOIS.A laila, ma ka hana ʻana i kahi monolayer hui pū ʻia (SAM) me 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS), ua hoʻololi kemika ka ʻili e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pilina kemika ma waena o ka ʻili a me ka lubricant Affinity.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili e hoʻemi nui i ka ikehu ʻili o ka ʻili i kūkulu ʻia i ka micro/nano-scale, i kūlike me ka ikehu ʻili o ka lubricant maʻemaʻe.ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i ka lubricant ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa, a laila e hana i kahi papa lubricant paʻa ma ka ʻili.Hōʻike ka ʻili i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hydrophobicity.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa e hōʻike ana ka lubricant paheʻe i ke ʻano kūpaʻa ma LOIS ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pilina kemika a me ka ikaika capillary i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka micro/nano structure (32, 33).Ua aʻo ʻia nā hoʻololi optical ma ka ʻili o ka SS ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka lubricant injection.Hiki i ka micro/nano layered structure i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili ke hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona a pōʻeleʻele i ka ʻili.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano i ka hopena hoʻopuehu māmā i hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻili o ka ʻili, e hoʻonui ai i ka noʻonoʻo diffuse i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mīkini paʻi māmā (34).Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka lubricant, lilo ka LOIS i ʻeleʻele.ʻO ka papa lubricating ka mea e emi ai ka mālamalama e ʻike ʻia mai ka substrate, a laila e pōʻeleʻele ai ka LOIS.I mea e pono ai ka microstructure/nanostructure e hōʻike i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi sliding angle (SA) e hoʻokō i ka hana anti-biofouling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) a me nā hui atomic i hoʻohana i nā manawa etching HF like ʻole (0, 3)., 15 a me 60 mau minuke) Force Microscope (AFM) (Figure 2B).Hōʻike nā kiʻi SEM a me AFM ma hope o ka manawa pōkole o ka etching (3 mau minuke o ka etching), ua hoʻokumu ka substrate ʻaʻole i ka ʻeleʻele nano-scale.Hoʻololi ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili me ka manawa etching (Figure S3).Hōʻike ka pihi manawa-varying i ka piʻi ʻana o ka roughness o ka ʻili a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma 15 mau minuke o ka etching, a laila ʻike ʻia ka emi iki o ka waiwai o ka roughness ma 30 mau minuke o ka etching.I kēia manawa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ʻano o ka nano-level roughness, ʻoiai ke ulu ikaika nei ka micro-level roughness, e hoʻololi i ka roughness ʻoi aku ka paʻa.Ma hope o ka etching no nā minuke he 30, ʻike ʻia ka piʻi hou ʻana o ka ʻinoʻino, i wehewehe ʻia e like me kēia: SS i haku ʻia me ke kila, i hoʻohui ʻia me nā mea me ka hao, chromium, nickel, molybdenum a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.Ma waena o kēia mau mea, he mea nui ka hao, ka chromium a me ka molybdenum i ka hana ʻana i ka micron/nano-scale roughness ma ka SS e HF etching.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka corrosion, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hao a me ka chromium no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka molybdenum ma mua o ka molybdenum.Ke holomua nei ka etching, hiki i ka hopena etching ke oversaturation kūloko, e hana ana i nā fluoride a me nā oxide i hana ʻia e ka etching.ʻO ka fluoride a me ka oxide e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a waiho hou ma ka ʻili, e hana i ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili ma ka laulā micron/nano (31).He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia micro/nano-level roughness i nā waiwai hoʻōla ponoʻī o LOIS.Hoʻopuka ka ʻili pālua ʻelua i kahi hopena synergistic, hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika capillary.ʻO kēia hanana ka mea e hiki ai i ka lubricant ke komo paʻa i ka ʻili a hāʻawi i nā waiwai hoʻōla iā ia iho (35).ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka roughness e pili ana i ka manawa etching.Ma lalo o 10 mau minuke o ka etching, ʻo ka ʻili wale nō ka nano-scale roughness, ʻaʻole lawa ia e paʻa i ka lubricant e loaʻa ai ke kūpaʻa biofouling (36).Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka manawa etching ma mua o 30 mau minuke, e nalowale ka nano-scale roughness i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka redeposition o ka hao a me ka chromium, a ʻo ka micro-scale roughness wale nō e noho ma muli o ka molybdenum.Loaʻa ka ʻili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka nano-scale roughness a nalowale ka hopena synergistic o ʻelua mau ʻano ʻino, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i nā ʻano hoʻōla ponoʻī o LOIS.Hana ʻia nā ana SA ma nā substrate me nā manawa etching like ʻole e hōʻoia i ka hana anti-fouling.Ua koho ʻia nā ʻano wai like ʻole ma muli o ka viscosity a me ka ikehu o ka ʻili, me ka wai deionized (DI), koko, ethylene glycol (EG), ethanol (EtOH) a me hexadecane (HD) (Figure S4).Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike manawa like ʻole no nā wai like ʻole me nā ʻenehana ʻili like ʻole a me nā viscosities, ʻo ka SA o LOIS ma hope o 15 mau minuke o ka etching ka haʻahaʻa loa.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka LOIS e etch no 15 mau minuke e hana i ka micron a me ka nano-scale roughness, i kūpono no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka lubricant a me nā waiwai anti-fouling maikaʻi loa.
(A) Hoʻolālā kiʻi o ke kaʻina hana hana ʻehā o LOIS.Hōʻike ka inset i ka SAM i hana ʻia ma ka substrate.(B) Nā kiʻi SEM a me AFM, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano micro/nano o ka substrate ma lalo o nā manawa etching like ʻole.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra o (C) Cr2p a me (D) F1s ma hope o ka passivation ili a me ka uhi SAM.ʻau, ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa.(E) Nā kiʻi hōʻikeʻike o nā kulu wai ma luna o nā mea pani ʻole, etched, SHP a me LOIS.(F) ʻO ka huina hoʻopili (CA) a me ke ana SA o nā wai me nā haʻalulu ʻili like ʻole ma SHP a me LOIS.Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano he ± SD.
A laila, i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai kemika o ka ʻili, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) e aʻo i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻohui kemika o ka ʻili substrate ma hope o kēlā me kēia uhi ʻili.Hōʻike ka Figure 2C i nā hopena ana XPS o ka ʻili i kālai ʻia a me ka ʻili i mālama ʻia HNO 3.ʻO nā piko nui ʻelua ma 587.3 a me 577.7 eV hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka paʻa Cr-O i loaʻa i ka papa chromium oxide, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa nui mai ka ʻili HF etched.ʻO ka mea nui kēia ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao a me ka chromium fluoride ma ka ʻili e HNO3.ʻO ka etching-based HNO3 e hiki ai i ka chromium ke hoʻokumu i kahi papa oxide passivating ma luna o ka ʻili, e hana hou ai ka SS i kālai ʻia i ka corrosion.Ma ke Kiʻi 2D, ua loaʻa ka XPS spectra e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka silane e pili ana i ka fluorocarbon ma ka ʻili ma hope o ka uhi ʻana o SAM, nona ka wai kiʻekiʻe loa no ka EG, ke koko a me ka EtOH.Hoʻopau ʻia ka uhi SAM ma ka hana ʻana i nā hui hana silane me nā pūʻulu hydroxyl i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mālama plasma.ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā peaks CF2 a me CF3.ʻO ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa ma waena o 286 a me 296 eV e hōʻike ana ua hoʻokō pono ʻia ka hoʻololi kemika e ka uhi SAM.Hōʻike ʻo SHP i nā kiʻekiʻe CF2 (290.1 ​​​​eV) a me CF3 (293.3 eV) nui loa, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka silane fluorocarbon i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻili.Hōʻike ka Figure 2E i nā kiʻi ʻokoʻa o nā ana angle contact (CA) no nā hui like ʻole o ka wai deionized e pili ana me ka ʻole, etched, SHP, a me LOIS.Hōʻike kēia mau kiʻi i ka lilo ʻana o ka ʻili etched hydrophilic ma muli o ke ʻano micro/nano i hana ʻia e ke kiʻi kemika i komo ai ka wai deionized i loko o ka hale.Eia nō naʻe, ke uhi ʻia ka substrate me SAM, hōʻike ka substrate i ka paʻa wai ikaika, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi SHP ili a liʻiliʻi ka wahi pili ma waena o ka wai a me ka ʻili.ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o CA ma LOIS, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ke komo ʻana o ka lubricant i loko o ka microstructure, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka wahi pili.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka repellency wai a me nā waiwai non-adhesive, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka LOIS me ka substrate SHP ma ke ana ʻana iā CA a me SA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wai like ʻole (Figure 2F).Ua koho ʻia nā ʻano wai like ʻole ma muli o ka viscosity a me ka ikehu o luna, me ka wai deionized, koko, EG, EtOH a me HD (Figure S4).Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa ana CA i ka wā e huli ai ʻo CA i HD, ka waiwai hoʻemi o CA, kahi i loaʻa iā CA ka ikehu haʻahaʻa loa.Eia kekahi, haʻahaʻa ka LOIS o ka CA holoʻokoʻa.Eia naʻe, hōʻike ka ana SA i kahi hanana ʻokoʻa loa.Koe wale no ka wai ionized, pili na wai a pau i ka substrate SHP me ka hemo ole.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hōʻike ʻo LOIS i kahi SA haʻahaʻa loa, kahi i hili ʻia ka wai a pau ma kahi kihi haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 10 ° a 15 °, e ʻōwili ka wai a pau.Hōʻike ikaika kēia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka non-adhesiveness o LOIS ma mua o ka SHP surface.Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā uhi LOIS i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, me ka titanium (Ti), polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) a me nā polymers bioabsorbable (PLGA), He mau mea orthopedic implantable (Figure). S5)).Hōʻike nā kiʻi kaʻina o nā kulu ma luna o nā mea i mālama ʻia e LOIS e like nā waiwai anti-biofouling o LOIS ma nā substrate āpau.Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā hopena ana o CA a me SA e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai non-adhesive o LOIS i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I mea e hōʻoia ai i nā waiwai anti-fouling o LOIS, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano substrates like ʻole (me ka ʻole, etched, SHP a me LOIS) me Pseudomonas aeruginosa a me MRSA.Ua koho ʻia kēia mau bacteria ʻelua ma ke ʻano he bacteria hōʻailona hōʻailona, ​​​​hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā biofilms, e alakaʻi ana i ka SSI (37).Hōʻike ka Figure 3 (A a me B) i nā kiʻi microscope fluorescence a me ka colony forming unit (CFU) i nā hopena ana o nā substrates incubated i loko o ka hoʻokuʻu bacteria no ka wā pōkole (12 hola) a me ka lōʻihi (72 hola), kēlā me kēia.I loko o kahi manawa pōkole, e hoʻokumu ka bacteria i nā pūpū a ulu i ka nui, e uhi ana iā lākou iho me nā mea e like me ka mucus a pale i ko lākou wehe ʻana.Eia nō naʻe, i loko o ka incubation 72-hola, e oʻo ana ka bacteria a lilo i maʻalahi e hoʻopuehu e hana i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui.No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he 72-hour incubation ka lōʻihi a ʻo ia ka manawa incubation kūpono e hana i kahi biofilm ikaika ma ka ʻili (38).I loko o kahi manawa pōkole, ua hōʻike ka ʻili i kālai ʻia a me ka ʻili o ka SHP i ka hoʻopili bacterial, i hoʻemi ʻia ma kahi o 25% a 50% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka substrate ʻole.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kāna hana anti-biofouling maikaʻi loa a paʻa, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻo LOIS i ka hoʻopili biofilm bacterial i ka wā pōkole a lōʻihi.Hōʻike ke kiʻikuhi schematic (Figure 3C) i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano anti-biological fouling mechanical o ka solution etching, SHP a me LOIS.ʻO ka manaʻo he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻili o ka substrate i kālai ʻia me nā waiwai hydrophilic ma mua o ka substrate ʻaʻole.No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka adhesion bacteria ma ka substrate i kālai ʻia.Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka substrate ʻaʻohe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka biofilm i hana ʻia ma ka ʻili.ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana o nā molekala wai i ka ʻili hydrophilic a hana ma ke ʻano he lubricant no ka wai, no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka bacteria i ka wā pōkole (39).Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka papa o nā molekele wai a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā hoʻokuʻu bacteria.No laila, nalowale ka papa mole wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopili nui ʻana o ka bacterial a me ka hoʻonui.No ka SHP, ma muli o kona mau waiwai non-wetting no ka wā pōkole, ua pāpā ʻia ka adhesion bacteria.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa bacterial adhesion i nā ʻeke ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke ʻano papa a me ka ikehu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka bacteria a me ka ʻili.Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka maʻi bacteria ma SHP no ka mea ua nalowale kona mau waiwai anti-fouling no ka manawa lōʻihi.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻeke ea ma muli o ke kaomi hydrostatic a me ka hemo ʻana o ka ea i ka wai.ʻO ka mea nui kēia ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻeke ea ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ke ʻano papa e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻāpana ākea nui no ka adhesion (27, 40).ʻAʻole e like me kēia mau substrate ʻelua i loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka paʻa lōʻihi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka lubricant lubricant i loko o LOIS i loko o ka micro/nano structure a ʻaʻole e nalowale i ka wā lōʻihi.ʻO nā lubricants i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka micro/nano structures paʻa loa a ua huki ikaika ʻia i ka ʻili ma muli o ko lākou pili kemika kiʻekiʻe, no laila e pale ai i ka adhesion bacteria no ka manawa lōʻihi.Hōʻike ka Figure S6 i kahi kiʻi microscope confocal noʻonoʻo o kahi substrate lubricant-infused i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka phosphate buffered saline (PBS).Hōʻike nā kiʻi hoʻomau ma hope o 120 mau hola o ka haʻalulu liʻiliʻi (120 rpm), ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka papa lubricant ma ka LOIS, e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana kahe.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka pilina kemika kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka uhi SAM e pili ana i ka fluorine a me ka lubricant-based perfluorocarbon, i hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa lubricant paʻa.No laila, mālama ʻia ka hana anti-fouling.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka substrate e kūʻē i nā protein i hōʻike ʻia (albumin a me fibrinogen), aia i loko o ka plasma, nā cell pili kokoke i ka hana immune (macrophages and fibroblasts), a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi.He kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka calcium.(Kiʻi 3D, 1 a me 2, a me Kiʻi S7) (41, 42).Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike nā kiʻi microscope fluorescence o ka hoʻāʻo adhesion no fibrinogen, albumin a me ka calcium i nā ʻano adhesion like ʻole o kēlā me kēia hui substrate (Figure S8).I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi, hiki ke hoʻopuni ʻia nā iwi hou a me nā papa calcium i ka implant orthopedic, ʻaʻole ia e paʻakikī wale i ka wehe ʻana, akā hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mea maʻi i ka wā o ka wehe ʻana.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā waihona calcium ma nā papa iwi a me nā wili no ke ʻoki orthopedic e pono ai ka wehe ʻana i ka implant.Ma muli o ka helu ʻana o ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia ma muli o ka ikaika o ka fluorescence a me ka helu cell, ua hōʻoia mākou e hōʻike ana ʻo LOIS i nā waiwai anti-biofouling maikaʻi loa no nā mea ola āpau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā substrates ʻē aʻe.Wahi a nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua in vitro, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka LOIS anti-biological fouling i nā implants orthopedic, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale wale i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi bacteria biofilm, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka mumū i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale kino o ke kino.
(A) Nā kiʻi microscope Fluorescence o kēlā me kēia hui ('ōlohelohe, etched, SHP a me LOIS) i hoʻokomoʻia i loko o Pseudomonas aeruginosa a me MRSA hoʻomaha no nā hola 12 a me 72.(B) Ka helu o ka CFU pili o Pseudomonas aeruginosa a me MRSA ma ka ʻili o kēlā me kēia hui.(C) Hōʻike manaʻo o ka hana anti-biological fouling o ka wā pōkole a me ka wā lōʻihi etching, SHP a me LOIS.(D) (1) ʻO ka helu o nā fibroblasts i hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā me kēia substrate a me nā kiʻi microscope fluorescence o nā cell i pili i ka ʻole a me LOIS.(2) Ho'āʻo adhesion o nā protein pili i ka immune, albumin a me ka calcium i komo i ka hana ho'ōla iwi (* P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 a me **** P <0.0001).ns, ʻaʻole nui.
I ka hihia o nā koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi hiki ʻole ke ʻalo ʻia, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka mīkini ka paʻakikī nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uhi antifouling.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano gel anti-sewage kuʻuna ma luna o nā polymers me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai a me ka palupalu.No laila, maʻa pinepine lākou i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i nā noi biomedical.No laila, he mea paʻakikī ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka antifouling me ka mechanically no nā noi e like me nā implants orthopedic (43, 44).Hōʻike ka Figure 4A(1) i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi nui ʻelua i hoʻopili ʻia i nā implants orthopedic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻoki ʻana (shear stress) a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ke kiʻi optical o ka implant poino i hana ʻia e nā forceps.No ka laʻana, ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka wili me ka screwdriver, a i ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka pā iwi me nā tweezers a hoʻohana i ka ikaika compressive, e pōʻino ka pā iwi ʻilika ma nā unahi macro a me micro/nano (Figure 4A, 2) .I mea e hoʻāʻo ai inā hiki i ka LOIS i hana ʻia ke kū i kēia mau pōʻino i ka wā o ke kaʻina plastik, ua hana ʻia ka nanoindentation e hoʻohālikelike i ka paʻakikī o ka substrate ʻole a me ka LOIS ma ka pānaʻi micro/nano e aʻo ai i nā waiwai mechanical o ka micro/nano structure Impact (Figure 4B).Hōʻike ka schematic diagram i ke ʻano deformation like ʻole o LOIS ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hale micro/nano.Ua huki ʻia kahi ʻāpana hoʻoneʻe ikaika ma muli o nā hopena o ka nanoindentation (Figure 4C).ʻO ke kiʻi polū e hōʻike ana i ka substrate haʻahaʻa, e hōʻike ana i ka deformation liʻiliʻi wale nō, e like me ka ʻike ʻia e ka hohonu indentation kiʻekiʻe o 0.26-μm.Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hoʻonui lohi ʻana i ka ikaika nanoindentation a me ka neʻe ʻana i ʻike ʻia ma LOIS (ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula) hiki ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical, e hopena i kahi nanoindentation hohonu o 1.61μm.ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka micro/nano structure i loaʻa i loko o ka LOIS e hāʻawi i kahi wahi holomua hohonu no ka piko o ka nanoindenter, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o kona deformation ma mua o ka substrate ʻole.Konsta-Gdoutos et al.(45) manaʻoʻiʻo ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o nā nanostructures, nanoindentation a me ka micro / nano roughness alakaʻi i nā pihi nanoindentation irregular.ʻO ka ʻāpana i uhi ʻia e pili ana i ka pihi deformation irregular i pili i ka nanostructure, ʻoiai ʻo ka wahi i uhi ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka microstructure.Hiki i kēia hoʻololi ke hōʻino i ka microstructure/nanostructure o ka lubricant paʻa a hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i kāna hana anti-fouling.I mea e aʻo ai i ka hopena o ka pōʻino ma LOIS, ua hana hou ʻia ka pōʻino hiki ʻole i nā hale micro/nano i loko o ke kino i ka wā o ka ʻoki plastik.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko a me ka protein adhesion, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kūpaʻa o nā waiwai anti-biofouling o LOIS ma hope o ka in vitro (Figure 4D).Hōʻike ke ʻano o nā kiʻi optical i ka pōʻino i kū kokoke i nā lua o kēlā me kēia substrate.Ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻopili koko no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hopena o ka pōʻino mechanical i ka uhi anti-biofouling (Figure 4E).E like me SHP, ua nalowale nā ​​waiwai anti-fouling ma muli o ka pōʻino, a hōʻike ʻo LOIS i nā waiwai anti-fouling maikaʻi loa ma ke kipaku ʻana i ke koko.ʻO kēia no ka mea, no ka mea, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ikehu ili e ka hana capillary e uhi ana i ka wahi i hōʻino ʻia, e hoʻihoʻi ke kahe i loko o ka lubricant lubricant microstructured i nā waiwai anti-fouling (35).Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano like i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka protein adhesion me ka albumin.Ma ka wahi i poino, ua ike nui ia ka pili ana o ka protein ma ka ili o ka SHP, a ma ke ana ana i ka uhi ana o kona wahi, hiki ke helu ia he hapalua o ka pae o ka adhesion o ke kupa ole.Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, mālama ʻo LOIS i kāna mau waiwai anti-biofouling me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana (Figure 4, F a me G).Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokau pinepine ʻia ka ʻili o ka wili i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical ikaika, e like me ka wili ʻana, no laila ua aʻo mākou i ka hiki ʻana o ka uhi LOIS e hoʻomau i ka paʻa i ka screw in vitro.Hōʻike ka Figure 4H i nā kiʻi optical o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole, me ka hū ʻole, SHP a me LOIS.Hōʻike ka ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i ka wahi i manaʻo ʻia kahi i loaʻa ai ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka iwi.E like me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka protein adhesion o ka pā, hoʻohana ʻia kahi microscope fluorescence e kiʻi i ka adhesion protein a ana i ka wahi uhi e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka uhi LOIS, ʻoiai ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi mechanical ikaika (Figure 4, I a me J).Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻili i mālama ʻia e LOIS i ka hana anti-fouling maikaʻi loa, a aneane ʻaʻohe protein e pili i ka ʻili.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka protein i nā wili ʻole a me nā wili SHP, kahi i uhi ʻia ai ka uhi ʻana o nā ʻili SHP i hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā wili ʻole.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka implant orthopedic i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e pono ke ikaika mechanical e pale aku i ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wahi haʻihaʻi, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 4K.No laila, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo kūlou e ʻike i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi kemika i nā waiwai mechanical.Eia kekahi, hana ʻia kēia e mālama i ke koʻikoʻi paʻa mai ka implant.E hoʻohana i ka ikaika mechanical vertical a hiki i ka piha ʻana o ka implant a loaʻa kahi ʻāwili koʻikoʻi (Figure 4L, 1).Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻelua mau waiwai me ka modulus o Young a me ka ikaika flexural ma waena o nā substrate a me LOIS ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ko lākou ikaika mechanical (Figure 4L, 2 a me 3).Hōʻike ka modulus o Young i ka hiki i kahi mea ke kū i nā loli mechanical.He 41.48±1.01 a me 40.06±0.96 GPa ka modulus o ka Young o kela me keia substrate;ʻo ka ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 3.4%.Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka ikaika kulou, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka paʻakikī o ka mea, ʻo 102.34 ± 1.51 GPa no ka substrate ʻole a me 96.99 ± 0.86 GPa no SHP.Ma kahi o 5.3% kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka substrate.Hiki ke emi iki ma muli o ka hopena notch.I ka hopena notch, hiki i ka micro/nano roughness ke hana ma ke ʻano he hoʻonohonoho o nā notches, e alakaʻi ana i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kūloko a hoʻopilikia i nā waiwai mechanical o ka implant (46).Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka iwi cortical kanaka ma waena o 7.4 a me 31.6 GPa, a ʻoi aku ke ana ʻana o ka modulus LOIS ma mua o ko ka iwi cortical iwi (47), ua lawa ka LOIS e kākoʻo i ka haʻihaʻi a me kona holoʻokoʻa. hoʻololi iki ʻia nā waiwai mechanical e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻili.
(A) Diagram Schematic o (1) ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i hoʻopili ʻia i ka implant orthopedic i ka wā o ka hana, a (2) ke kiʻi optical o ka implant orthopedic i poino.(B) Hoʻolālā kiʻi o nā waiwai nano-mechanical i ana ma ka nanoindentation a me LOIS ma ka ʻili ākea.(C) Nanoindentation ikaika-neʻe kaʻe o ka ili a me LOIS.(D) Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua in vitro, e hoʻohālikelike i nā kiʻi optical o nā ʻano papa orthopedic like ʻole (ua hōʻike ʻia ka wahi i hōʻino ʻia me kahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula) e hoʻohālike i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i ka wā o ka hana.(E) Ho'āʻo hoʻopaʻa koko a me (F) hoʻāʻo hoʻopili pūmua o ka pūʻulu papa orthopedic i poino.(G) E ana i ka uhi ʻāpana o ka protein e pili ana i ka pā.(H) ʻO nā kiʻi ʻokiʻoki o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa orthopedic ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua in vitro.(I) ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka protein adhesion e aʻo i ka pono o nā uhi like ʻole.(J) E ana i ka uhi wahi o ka protein e pili ana i ka wili.(K) ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka rabbit i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoulu i ke koʻikoʻi paʻa i ka iwi haʻi.(L) (1) E kūlou i nā hopena hoʻokolohua a me nā kiʻi ʻike ma mua a ma hope o ke kulou ʻana.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka (2) Young's modulus a me (3) piʻo ikaika ma waena o kahi implant a me SHP.Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma ke ʻano he ± SD (* P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 a me ****P<0.0001).Kiʻi mahalo: Kyomin Chae, Yonsei University.
Ma nā kūlana lapaʻau, loaʻa mai ka nui o ka pilina bacteria me nā mea ola a me nā wahi ʻeha mai nā biofilms makua (48).No laila, ua manaʻo ka US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention e pili ana ka 65% o nā maʻi āpau i nā biofilms (49).I kēia hihia, pono e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokolohua in vivo e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻokumu biofilm maʻamau ma luna o ka implant.No laila, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi ʻano haʻihaʻi femoral rabbit kahi i hoʻokomo mua ʻia ai nā implants orthopedic i kahi hoʻokuʻu bacteria a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā femurs rabbit e aʻo i nā waiwai anti-fouling o LOIS in vivo.Ma muli o kēia mau ʻike koʻikoʻi ʻekolu, ua hoʻoulu ʻia nā maʻi bacteria e ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi bacteria: (i) ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻōnaehana pale o nā rapeti ma mua o ke kanaka;no laila, hiki ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia o ka bacterial suspensions a me planktonic bacteria ʻAʻohe hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā biofilms.(Ii) ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka maʻi maʻi Planktonic i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a hoʻohana mau ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana;ʻo ka hope loa, (iii) hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi planktonic e nā wai kino o ka holoholona (50).Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka implant i kahi hoʻokuʻu ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo pono i nā hopena pōʻino o ka maʻi bacterial a me ka hopena o ke kino haole (FBR) ma ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi.Ua mōhai ʻia nā lākeke i nā pule he 4 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, no ka mea, e hoʻopau ʻia ka osseointegration pono no ke kaʻina hoʻōla iwi i loko o 4 mau pule.A laila, wehe ʻia nā implants mai nā rabbit no nā haʻawina i lalo.Hōʻike ka Figure 5A i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka bacteria.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka implant orthopedic maʻi i loko o ke kino.Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi bacteria, ʻeono o nā ʻeono i hoʻokomo ʻia me nā implants olohelohe i loaʻa i ka maʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka maʻi o nā rabbit i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka LOIS implants.Hoʻomaka ka maʻi bacteria i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu, me ka ulu ʻana, ka makua a me ka hoʻopuehu (51).ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohua a ulu ka bacteria i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻili, a laila hana ka bacteria i biofilm ke hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka polymer extracellular (EPS), amyloid a me DNA extracellular.ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia wale ʻo Biofilm i ke komo ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā hoʻoikaika pū kekahi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā enzymes hoʻohaʻahaʻa antibiotic (e like me β-lactamase) (52).ʻO ka hope, hoʻolaha ka biofilm i nā hua bacteria oʻo i loko o nā ʻiʻo a puni.No laila, hiki mai ka ma'i.Eia kekahi, i ka wā e komo ai ke kino ʻē i ke kino, hiki i kahi maʻi i hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pane ʻana i ka pale kino hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha nui, ka ʻeha, a me ka emi ʻana o ka pale.Hōʻike ka Figure 5B i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka FBR i hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi implant orthopedic, ma mua o ka pane ʻana o ka maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi bacterial.Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻōnaehana immune i ka implant i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano he kino ʻē, a laila e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo e hoʻopili i ke kino haole (53).I nā lā mua o FBR, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi matrix hoʻolako ma ka ʻili o nā implants orthopedic, i hopena i ka adsorption o fibrinogen.Hoʻokumu ka fibrinogen i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi pūnaewele fibrin paʻa loa, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā leukocytes (54).Ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻupena fibrin, e kū mai ka mumū nui ma muli o ke komo ʻana o nā neutrophils.Ma kēia ʻanuʻu, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻano cytokines e like me ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4) a me IL-β, a hoʻomaka nā monocytes e hoʻokomo i ka wahi implantation a hoʻokaʻawale i loko o nā pūnana nunui.Phage (41, 55, 56).He mea paʻakikī ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka FBR no ka mea hiki i ka FBR kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi ʻeha a me ka maʻi mau, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi make.No ka loiloi i ka hopena o nā maʻi bacteria i loko o nā ʻiʻo e hoʻopuni ana i ka implant a me LOIS, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hematoxylin a me eosin (H&E) a me Masson trichrome (MT).No nā lākeke i hoʻokomo ʻia me nā substrate ʻole, ua holomua nā maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi, a ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā paheʻe ʻiʻo H&E i nā abscesses a me nā necrosis ma muli o ka mumū.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka LOIS anti-biofouling surface ikaika loa e kāohi ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria, no laila ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a hoʻemi i ka mumū (Figure 5C).Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o ka staining MT i ke ʻano like.Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o MT i ka edema i loko o nā rabbit i hoʻokomo ʻia me LOIS, e hōʻike ana e kokoke mai ana ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana (Figure 5D).No ke aʻo ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pane ʻana o ka immune, ua hana ʻia ka ʻili immunohistochemical (IHC) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cytokines TNF-α a me IL-6 e pili ana i ka pane immune.Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi implant maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka bacteria me kahi LOIS i ʻike ʻia i ka maʻi bacteria akā ʻaʻole i maʻi ʻia e aʻo i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka maʻi bacterial.Hōʻike ka Figure 5E i kahi kiʻi optical o kahi paheʻe IHC e hōʻike ana i ka TNF-α.Hōʻike ka ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i ka pane immune, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻemi iki ʻana o ka pane immune ma LOIS.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka haʻi ʻana o IL-6 ma LOIS ma mua o ka hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻōlohelohe sterile (Figure 5F).Ua helu ʻia ka ʻōlelo o ka cytokine ma ke ana ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka antibody staining e pili ana i ka cytokine (Figure 5G).I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā rabbit i hōʻike ʻia i nā implants maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā pae hōʻike o nā rapeti i hoʻokomo ʻia me LOIS, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi.ʻO ka emiʻana o ka cytokine'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, nā waiwai anti-fouling o LOIS,ʻaʻole i pili wale i ka paleʻana i nā maʻi bacteria, akā, i ka emiʻana o FBR, i hoʻouluʻia e nā macrophages e pili ana i ka substrate (53, 57 , 58).No laila, hiki i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pane ʻana i ka pale ma muli o nā waiwai pale pale o LOIS hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, e like me ka pane ʻana o ka immune nui ma hope o ke kaʻina plastik.
(A) He kiʻikuhi kiʻi o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka biofilm a hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka ʻili o kahi implant orthopedic maʻi.eDNA, DNA extracellular.(B) Diagram Schematic o ka pane immune ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka implant orthopedic.(C) H&E staining a me (D) MT staining o nā ʻiʻo a puni o nā implants orthopedic me ka maikaʻi ʻole a me ka LOIS.ʻO ka IHC o nā cytokines pili i ka immune (E) TNF-α a me (F) IL-6 he mau kiʻi ʻeleʻele o nā lapeti i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a LOIS.(G) Ka helu ʻana o ka ʻōlelo cytokine ma ke ana uhi ʻāpana (** P <0.01).
Ua nānā ʻia ka biocompatibility o LOIS a me kona hopena i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi i loko o ka vivo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kiʻi diagnostic [x-ray and micro-computed tomography (CT)] a me osteoclast IHC.Hōʻike ka Figure 6A i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi e pili ana i ʻekolu mau ʻano: ʻulaʻula, hoʻoponopono, a hoʻoponopono hou.Ke loaʻa ka haʻihaʻi, e komo i loko o ka iwi haʻihaʻi a hoʻomaka e ulu i loko o ka ʻiʻo vascular.I ka wā o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, hoʻolaha ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo vascular ma kahi kokoke i ka wahi haki.Hāʻawi ka ʻiʻo vascular i nā meaʻai no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka iwi hou, i kapa ʻia ʻo callus.ʻO ka pae hope loa o ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi, ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka nui o ka callus i ka nui o ka iwi maʻamau me ke kōkua o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā osteoclast i hoʻāla ʻia (59).Ua hana ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o ʻekolu-dimensional (3D) o ka wahi haʻihaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā micro-CT scans e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka callus i kēlā me kēia hui.E nānā i ka ʻāpana kea o ka femur e nānā i ka mānoanoa o ka callus e hoʻopuni ana i ka iwi haʻi (Kiʻi 6, B a me C).Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia nā kukui X no ka nānā ʻana i nā wahi haʻihaʻi o nā hui āpau i kēlā me kēia pule e nānā i nā kaʻina hana hoʻōla iwi like ʻole i kēlā me kēia hui (Figure S9).Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Callus a me nā iwi makua i ka uliuli/'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka niho ʻelepani.Hoʻopili ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻiʻo palupalu me kahi paepae i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.Ua hōʻoia ʻo Nude positive a me SHP i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi callus liʻiliʻi a puni ka wahi haʻihaʻi.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ka maikaʻi ʻole o LOIS a me ka wahi haʻihaʻi e ka callus mānoanoa.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi Micro-CT ua pale ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o ka callus e ka maʻi bacteria a me ka mumū pili i ka maʻi.ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale ka mea mua i ka ho'ōla ʻana i nā ʻeha septic i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mumū pili i ka maʻi, ma mua o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka iwi (60).IHC a me Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining i hana ʻia e nānā i ka hana osteoclast a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iwi (Figure 6D) (61).He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā osteoclast i hoʻōla ʻia i ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i loaʻa i loko o nā mea pono ʻole a me SHP.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā osteoclasts i hoʻāla ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā iwi maikaʻi a me nā iwi makua ʻole o LOIS.Hōʻike kēia hanana i ke alo o nā osteoclasts, ke hana nei ka callus a puni ka wahi haʻi i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono hou (62).Ua ana ʻia ka nui o ka iwi a me ka ʻāpana hōʻike osteoclast o ka callus e hoʻohālikelike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka callus a puni ka wahi haʻihaʻi i nā hui āpau, i hiki ke helu i ka micro-CT scan a me nā hopena IHC (Figure 6E, 1 a me 2).E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā mea ʻino a me ka callus ma LOIS ma mua o nā hui ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka iwi maikaʻi (63).Hōʻike ka Kiʻi S10 i ke kiʻi opi o ke kahua ʻoki, ka hopena hoʻopaʻapaʻa MT o ka ʻiʻo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka wili, a me ka hopena ʻili TRAP e hōʻike ana i ka pilina iwi-iwi.I loko o ka papahele ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia ka callus ikaika a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka fibrosis, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia ka implant i mālama ʻia e LOIS i kahi ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia.Pēlā nō, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea ʻino ʻole, ʻike ʻia ka fibrosis haʻahaʻa i nā rapeti i hoʻokomo ʻia me LOIS, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā pua keʻokeʻo.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka edema paʻa (blue arrow) hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā waiwai evasion immune o LOIS, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka mumū nui.ʻO ka ʻili o ka lāʻau ʻole a puni ka implant a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka fibrosis e hōʻike ana he maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana wehe, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i nā haʻihaʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka mumū.Ua loiloi ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla iwi ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka wili e ka hana osteoclast ma ke kikowaena iwi-iwi.Hoʻopili ka iwi ʻole a me ka LOIS implant interface i nā pae like ʻole o nā osteoclast e hoʻōla hou i ka iwi, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka uhi LOIS i ka ho'ōla iwi a i ʻole ka pane kūlohelohe.I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili i hana ʻia ma ka LOIS ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua X-ray e hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka iwi o nā rapeti me nā ion maikaʻi ʻole i hōʻike ʻia a me 6 mau pule o LOIS implantation (Figure 6F).Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻo LOIS i ka pae like o ka ho'ōla iwi, a ʻaʻohe hōʻailona maopopo o ka haʻihaʻi (laina osteolysis mau) ma nā hui ʻelua.
(A) Hōʻike kiʻi o ka hana hoʻōla iwi ma hope o ka haki ʻana.(B) ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka callus o kēlā me kēia pūʻulu ʻili a me (C) ke kiʻi ʻāpana keʻa o ka wahi haʻihaʻi.(D) TRAP staining e nānā i ka hana osteoclast a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka iwi.Ma muli o ka hana TRAP, ua kālailai ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka callus waho o ka iwi cortical e (E) (1) micro-CT a me (2) hana osteoclast.(F) 6 pule ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana, nā kiʻi X-ray o ka iwi haʻihaʻi o ka mea ʻino i hōʻike ʻia (i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻulaʻula) a me LOIS (i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao polū polū).Ua hana ʻia ka ʻikepili helu e ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻano like ʻole (ANOVA).* P <0.05.** P <0.01.
I ka pōkole, hāʻawi ʻo LOIS i kahi ʻano hou o ka hoʻolālā maʻi antibacterial a me ka pale pale pale pale no nā implants orthopedic.Hōʻike nā mea kanu orthopedic maʻamau me ka SHP functionalization i nā waiwai anti-biofouling no ka wā pōkole, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ko lākou mau waiwai no ka manawa lōʻihi.Hoʻopili ka superhydrophobicity o ka substrate i nā ʻōpū o ka ea ma waena o ka bacteria a me ka substrate, a laila e hana ai i nā ʻeke ea, a laila e pale ai i ka maʻi bacterial.Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka laha ʻana o ka ea, ua maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana i kēia mau ʻeke ea.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻo LOIS i kona hiki ke pale i nā maʻi pili biofilm.No laila, ma muli o nā waiwai anti-rejection o ka papa lubricant i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻili o ka micro/nano structure layered, hiki ke pale ʻia ka mumū pili i ka maʻi.Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona like ʻole me nā ana SEM, AFM, XPS a me CA no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kūlana hana LOIS.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka LOIS i nā mea olaola like ʻole i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā mea hoʻoponopono orthopedic, e like me PLGA, Ti, PE, POM a me PPSU.A laila, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo LOIS i loko o ka vitro e hōʻoia i kāna mau waiwai anti-biofouling e kūʻē i ka maʻi bacteria a me nā mea olaola e pili ana i ka pane immune.Hōʻike nā hopena i loaʻa iā ia nā hopena antibacterial a anti-biofouling maikaʻi loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka implant ʻole.Eia kekahi, hōʻike ʻo LOIS i ka ikaika mechanical ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ka ʻoki plastik.Ma muli o nā waiwai ho'ōla pono'ī o ka lubricant ma ka ʻili o ka micro/nano structure, ua hoʻomau maikaʻi ʻo LOIS i kāna mau waiwai anti-biological fouling.I mea e aʻo ai i ka biocompatibility a me nā waiwai antibacterial o LOIS in vivo, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo LOIS i loko o ka femur rabbit no 4 pule.ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā lapeti i hoʻokomo ʻia me LOIS.Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka IHC i ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka pane kūlohelohe kūloko, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo LOIS i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi.Hōʻike ʻo LOIS i nā waiwai antibacterial a me ka pale ʻana i ka pale ʻana, a ua hōʻoia ʻia e pale pono i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka biofilm ma mua a i ka wā o ke kaʻina orthopedic, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka hana iwi.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka iwi iwi iwi lāʻī, ua aʻo hohonu ʻia ka hopena o nā maʻi pili biofilm i ka hana hoʻōla iwi i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā implants i hoʻokomo mua ʻia.Ma ke ʻano he noiʻi e hiki mai ana, pono ke ʻano hou in vivo e aʻo i nā maʻi hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana e hoʻomaopopo pono a pale i nā maʻi pili biofilm i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻōla holoʻokoʻa.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka osteoinduction kahi paʻakikī paʻa ʻole i ka hoʻohui ʻana me LOIS.Pono ka noiʻi hou aʻe e hoʻohui i ka adhesion koho o nā cell osteoinductive a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou me LOIS e lanakila ai i ka paʻakikī.Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hōʻike ʻo LOIS i kahi uhi implant orthopedic hoʻohiki me ka ikaika mechanical a me nā waiwai anti-biofouling maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka SSI a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao.
Holoi i ka substrate 15mm x 15mm x 1mm 304 SS (Dong Kang M-Tech Co., Korea) me ka acetone, EtOH a me ka wai DI no 15 mau minuke e wehe i nā mea haumia.No ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano micro/nano-level ma luna o ka ʻili, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka substrate i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o kahi solution 48% a 51% HF (DUKSAN Corp., South Korea) ma 50°C.Hoʻololi ka manawa etching mai 0 a 60 mau minuke.A laila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka substrate etched me ka wai deionized a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi hopena 65% HNO3 (Korea DUKSAN Corp.) ma 50 ° C no 30 mau minuke e hana i kahi papa passivation chromium oxide ma ka ʻili.Ma hope o ka passivation, holoi ʻia ka substrate me ka wai deionized a maloʻo e kiʻi i kahi substrate me kahi ʻano papa.Ma hope aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ka substrate i ka plasma oxygen (100 W, 3 mau minuke), a hoʻokomo koke ʻia i loko o kahi hopena o 8.88 mM POTS (Sigma-Aldrich, Kelemānia) i loko o toluene i ka lumi wela no nā hola 12.A laila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka substrate i uhi ʻia me POTS me EtOH, a hoʻopili ʻia ma 150 ° C no 2 mau hola e loaʻa ai kahi POTS SAM paʻa.Ma hope o ka uhi ʻana o SAM, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa lubricant ma ka substrate ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lubricant perfluoropolyether (Krytox 101; DuPont, USA) me ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana o 20 μm / cm 2. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, kānana i ka lubricant ma o kahi kānana 0.2 micron.Wehe i ka lubricant keu aku ma ke hili ʻana ma ke kihi 45° no 15 mau minuke.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana hana like no nā implants orthopedic i hana ʻia me 304 SS (palapala paʻa a me ka cortical locking screw; Dong Kang M-Tech Co., Korea).Hoʻolālā ʻia nā implants orthopedic a pau e kūpono i ka geometry o ka femur rabbit.
Ua nānā 'ia ka morphology ili o ka substrate a me ka orthopedic implants e ke kahua emission SEM (Inspect F50, FEI, USA) a me AFM (XE-100, Park Systems, South Korea).Ana 'ia ka 'oloka'a o ka 'ili (Ra, Rq) ma ka hoonui 'ana i ka 'āpana o 20 μm me 20 μm (n=4).Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana XPS (PHI 5000 VersaProbe, ULVAC PHI, Iapana) me kahi kumu Al Kα X-ray me kahi kiko o 100μm2 i hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka haku mele ʻili.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana ana CA i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi pahupaʻi kiʻi kiʻi ikaika (SmartDrop, FEMTOBIOMED, ​​South Korea) i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka wai CA a me SA.No kēlā me kēia ana, kau ʻia ka 6 a hiki i ka 10 μl o nā droplets (ka wai deionized, ke koko lio, EG, 30% ethanol, a me HD) ma ka ʻili e ana i ka CA.Ke piʻi aʻe ka ʻāʻī inclination o ka substrate i ka wikiwiki o 2°/s (n = 4), ana ʻia ka SA i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka droplet.
Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Pseudomonas aeruginosa [American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 27853] a me MRSA (ATCC 25923) mai ATCC (Manassas, Virginia, USA), a ua mālama ʻia ka moʻomeheu waiwai ma -80 ° C.Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia ka moʻomeheu paʻa i loko o ka trypsin-thawed soy broth (Komed, Korea) ma 37°C no 18 mau hola a laila hoʻololi ʻia ʻelua e hoʻāla ai.Ma hope o ka incubation, ua centrifuged ka moʻomeheu ma 10,000 rpm no 10 mau minuke ma 4 ° C a holoi ʻia ʻelua me kahi hopena PBS (pH 7.3).Hoʻopili ʻia ka moʻomeheu centrifuged ma nā pā blood agar (BAP).Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo MRSA a me Pseudomonas aeruginosa i ka pō a moʻomeheu ʻia i loko o ka hupa Luria-Bertani.Ua hoʻoholo nui ʻia ka manaʻo o Pseudomonas aeruginosa a me MRSA i loko o ka inoculum e ka CFU o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā dilutions serial ma ka agar.A laila, hoʻololi i ka ʻike bacteria i ka maʻamau 0.5 McFarland, ʻo ia ka mea like me 108 CFU/ml.A laila e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hana bacterial suspension 100 mau manawa i 106 CFU/ml.No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā waiwai adhesion antibacterial, ua sterilized ka substrate ma 121 ° C no 15 mau minuke ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.A laila ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka substrate i 25 ml o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka bacteria a incubated ma 37 ° C me ka haʻalulu ikaika (200 rpm) no 12 a me 72 mau hola.Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēlā me kēia substrate mai ka incubator a holoi ʻia i 3 mau manawa me ka PBS e wehe i nā hua bacteria e lana ana ma ka ʻili.No ka nānā ʻana i ka biofilm ma ka substrate, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka biofilm me ka methanol a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka 1 ml o ka ʻalani crimidine no 2 mau minuke.A laila ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi microscope fluorescence (BX51TR, Olympus, Iapana) e kiʻi i nā kiʻi o ka biofilm stained.No ka helu ʻana i ka biofilm ma ka substrate, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cell i hoʻopili ʻia mai ka substrate e ka bead vortex method, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke ala kūpono loa e wehe ai i ka bacteria i hoʻopili ʻia (n = 4).Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā forceps sterile, e hoʻoneʻe i ka substrate mai ka mea ulu a paʻi i ka pā puna e wehe i ka wai nui.Hoʻopau ʻia nā cell i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka holoi ʻana ʻelua me ka PBS sterile.Hoʻololi ʻia kēlā me kēia substrate i kahi paipu hōʻike sterile i loaʻa ka 9 ml o 0.1% protein ept saline (PSW) a me 2 g o 20 a 25 mau pahu aniani sterile (0.4 a 0.5 mm ke anawaena).A laila ua vortex ʻia no 3 mau minuke e wehe i nā cell mai ka hāpana.Ma hope o ka vortexing, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i 10-fold me 0.1% PSW, a laila ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka 0.1 ml o kēlā me kēia dilution ma BAP.Ma hope o 24 mau hola o ka incubation ma 37 ° C, ua helu lima ʻia ka CFU.
No nā pūnaewele, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā fibroblasts ʻiole NIH/3T3 (CRL-1658; ʻAmelika ATCC) a me nā macrophages ʻiole RAW 264.7 (TIB-71; ʻAmelika ATCC).E hoʻohana i ka Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM; LM001-05, Welgene, Korea) e moʻomeheu i nā fibroblasts ʻiole a hoʻohui pū me 10% calf serum (S103-01, Welgene) a me 1% penicillin-streptomycin (PS; LS202-02, Welgene (Welgene . Hoʻopiliʻia nā pūnaewele i ka pō ma 37 ° C a me 5% CO2 No ka hoʻopaʻaʻana o ke kelepona, ua hoʻopaʻaʻia nā pūnaewele me 4% paraformaldehyde no nā minuke 20 a hoʻokomoʻia i loko o 0.5% Triton X Incubate no nā minuke 5 i loko o -100nM tetramethylrhodamine ma 37 ° C no 30 mau minuke Ma hope o ke kaʻina hoʻoulu ʻana, e hoʻohana i ka substrate me 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (H -1200, Vector Laboratories, UK) VECTASHIELD fixation medium (n = 4 no ka protein). , fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin (A9771, Sigma-Aldrich, Kelemānia) a me ka plasma kanaka Ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated fibrinogen (F13191, Invitrogen, USA) i PBS (10 mM, pH 7.4).ʻO ka nui o ka albumin a me fibrinogen he 1 a me 150 μg / ml.Ma hope o ka substrate Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka solution protein, holoi iā lākou me ka PBS e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou i ka ʻili.A laila e hoʻokomo i nā substrate a pau i loko o kahi pā eono punawai i loaʻa i ka solution protein a hoʻokomo i ka 37 ° C no 30 a me 90 mau minuke.Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua wehe ʻia ka substrate mai ka solution protein, holoi mālie me ka PBS 3 mau manawa, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me 4% paraformaldehyde (n = 4 no kēlā me kēia protein).No ka calcium, ka sodium chloride (0.21 M) a me ka potassium phosphate (3.77 mM) ) Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai deionized.Hoʻololi ʻia ka pH o ka hopena i 2.0 ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka solution hydrochloride (1M).A laila ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka calcium chloride (5.62 mM) i loko o ka hopena.Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 1M tris(hydroxymethyl)-amino Methane hoʻoponopono i ka pH o ka hopena i 7.4.E hoʻokomo i nā substrate a pau i loko o kahi pā eono punawai i hoʻopiha ʻia me 1.5x calcium phosphate solution a hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka hopena ma hope o 30 mau minuke.No ka staining, 2 g Alizarin Red S (CI 58005) Hui me 100 ml o ka wai deionized.A laila, e hoʻohana i ka 10% ammonium hydroxide e hoʻoponopono i ka pH i ka 4. E hoʻoluliluli i ka substrate me ka solution Alizarin Red no 5 mau minuke, a laila e lulu i ka wai keu a me ka blot.Ma hope o ka lulu ʻana, e wehe i ka substrate.Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka mea, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka acetone no 5 mau minuke, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi hopena acetone-xylene (1:1) no 5 mau minuke, a holoi ʻia me ka xylene (n = 4).Hoʻohana ʻia ka microscope Fluorescence (Axio Imager) me ×10 a me ×20 mau lens..A2m, Zeiss, Kelemānia) nā kiʻi āpau.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ImageJ/FIJI (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) no ka helu ʻana i ka ʻikepili adhesion o nā mea ola ma kēlā me kēia hui o nā wahi kiʻi like ʻole.E hoʻohuli i nā kiʻi āpau i nā kiʻi binary me nā paepae paʻa no ka hoʻohālikelike substrate.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi microscope confocal Zeiss LSM 700 e nānā i ke kūpaʻa o ka papa lubricant i ka PBS ma ke ʻano noʻonoʻo.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hāpana aniani SAM i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka fluorine me kahi papa lubricating injected i loko o kahi hopena PBS, a hoʻāʻo ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea lulu orbital (SHO-1D; Daihan Scientific, South Korea) ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻalulu haʻahaʻa (120 rpm).A laila e lawe i ka hāpana a nānā i ka nalowale o ka lubricant ma ke ana ʻana i ka nalowale o ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia.No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻi fluorescence i ke ʻano noʻonoʻo, ʻike ʻia ka hāpana i kahi laser 633 nm a laila hōʻiliʻili ʻia, no ka mea, e ʻike ʻia ke kukui mai ka hāpana.Ua ana ʻia nā laʻana i nā manawa manawa o 0, 30, 60, a me 120 hola.
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mana o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili i nā waiwai nanomechanical o nā implants orthopedic, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi nanoindenter (TI 950 TriboIndenter, Hysitron, USA) i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻaoʻao pyramid-shaped Berkovich diamond tip e ana i ka nanoindenedione.ʻO 10 mN ka ukana kiʻekiʻe a ʻo 100μmx 100μm ka wahi.No nā ana a pau, ʻo ka manawa hoʻouka a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana he 10 s, a ʻo ka manawa paʻa ma lalo o ka hoʻouka indentation peak he 2 s.Lawe i nā ana mai ʻelima mau wahi like ʻole a lawe i ka awelika.No ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana ikaika mechanical ma lalo o ka ukana, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo kulou ʻekolu mau kikoʻī me ka mīkini hoʻāʻo honua (Instron 5966, Instron, USA).Hoʻopili ʻia ka substrate ma ka helu mau o 10 N / s me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu polokalamu polokalamu Bluehill Universal (n = 3) no ka helu ʻana i ka modulus flexural a me ke koʻikoʻi compressive koʻikoʻi.
I mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ke kaʻina hana a me nā pōʻino mechanical pili i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana, ua hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana in vitro.Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā femurs mai nā lapeti keʻokeʻo o Aotearoa.Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka femur a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 4% paraformaldehyde no 1 pule.E like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻokolohua holoholona, ​​ua hoʻohana ʻia ka femur paʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻoki.Ma hope o ka hana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka implant orthopedic i loko o ke koko (ke koko lio, KISAN, Korea) no 10 s e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke koko ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻeha mechanical (n = 3).
He 24 kane o New Zealand keokeo lapiti (ke kaumaha 3.0 a 3.5kg, awelika makahiki 6 mahina) ua mahele like ole ia i eha hui: nude kino, nude maikai, SHP a me LOIS.ʻO nā kaʻina hana āpau e pili ana i nā holoholona i hana ʻia e like me nā kūlana etika o ke Kōmike mālama holoholona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana (IACUC i ʻae ʻia, KOREA-2017-0159).ʻO ka implant orthopedic he pā paʻa me ʻelima mau puka (lōʻihi 41 mm, ākea 7 mm a me 2 mm mānoanoa) a me nā ʻūlū laka cortical (lōʻihi 12 mm, anawaena 2.7 mm) no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haki.Koe na papa a me na wili i hoohana ia i ka hui pili ole, ua hookomo ia na papa a me na wili a pau i ka MRSA suspension (106 CFU/ml) no 12 mau hola.Ua mālama ʻia ka pūʻulu ʻino-ʻino (n=6) me nā implants ʻili me ka ʻole o ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka bacteria, ma ke ʻano he mana maikaʻi ʻole no ka maʻi.Ua mālama ʻia ka pūʻulu maikaʻi ʻole (n = 6) me kahi implant ʻili i hōʻike ʻia i ka bacteria ma ke ʻano he mana maikaʻi no ka maʻi.Ua mālama ʻia ka hui SHP (n = 6) me nā implants SHP i hōʻike ʻia e ka bacteria.ʻO ka hope, ua mālama ʻia ka hui LOIS me nā implants LOIS i hōʻike ʻia i ka bacterial (n = 6).Mālama ʻia nā holoholona a pau i loko o ka hīnaʻi, a hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o ka meaʻai a me ka wai.Ma mua o ka hana ʻana, hoʻokē ʻia nā rabbit no 12 mau hola.Hoʻopili ʻia nā holoholona e ka intramuscular injection o xylazine (5mg / kg) a me ka intravenous injection o paclitaxel (3mg / kg) no ka induction.Ma hope o kēlā, hāʻawi i ka 2% isoflurane a me 50% i ka 70% oxygen olakino (ka kahe kahe 2 L / min) ma o ka ʻōnaehana hanu e mālama i ka anesthesia.Hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ala pololei i ka femur lateral.Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho a me ka povidone-iodine disinfection o ka ʻili, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻoki ma kahi o 6 cm ka lōʻihi ma waho o ka femur waena hema.Ma ka wehe ʻana i ke āpau ma waena o nā ʻiʻo e uhi ana i ka femur, ua ʻike piha ʻia ka femur.E kau i ka pā i mua o ke kumu femoral a hoʻopaʻa iā ia me nā wili ʻehā.Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hoʻohana i ka ʻili ʻili (1 mm mānoanoa) no ka hana ʻana i kahi haki ma waena o ka lua a me ka puka ʻehā.I ka pau ʻana o ka hana, holoi ʻia ka ʻeha me ka paʻakai a pani ʻia me nā suture.Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia rabbit subcutaneously me ka enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hapakolu o ka paʻakai.Lawe ʻia nā X-ray postoperative o ka femur i nā holoholona āpau (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, a me 42 lā) e hōʻoia i ka osteotomy o ka iwi.Ma hope o ka anesthesia hohonu, ua pepehi ʻia nā holoholona āpau e ka intravenous KCl (2 mmol/kg) i nā lā 28 a me 42.Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana, nānā ʻia ka femur e ka micro-CT e nānā a hoʻohālikelike i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā iwi hou ma waena o nā hui ʻehā.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻiʻo palupalu i pili pono me nā implants orthopedic.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻiʻo i 10% neutral buffered formalin i ka pō a laila maloʻo i ka EtOH.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻiʻo dehydrated i loko o ka paraffin a ʻāpana ʻia ma kahi mānoanoa o 40 μm me ka microtome (400CS; EXAKT, Kelemānia).I mea e ʻike ai i ka maʻi, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka H&E a me ka staining MT.No ka nānā ʻana i ka pane ʻana o ka mea hoʻokipa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻāpana me ka anti-TNF-α primer antibody (AB6671, Abcam, USA) a me ka rabbit anti-IL-6 (AB6672; Abcam, USA), a laila mālama ʻia me ka horseradish.ʻO oxidase.E hoʻopili i ka ʻōnaehana avidin-biotin complex (ABC) i nā ʻāpana e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana.I mea e ʻike ʻia ai ma ke ʻano he huahana hoʻololi brown, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka 3,3-diaminobenzidine ma nā ʻāpana āpau.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi scanner paheʻe kikohoʻe (Pannoramic 250 Flash III, 3DHISTECH, Hungary) no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana āpau, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ʻehā mau substrates i kēlā me kēia hui i kālailai ʻia e ImageJ lako polokalamu.
Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi X-ray i nā holoholona āpau ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana a i kēlā me kēia pule e nānā i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka haʻihaʻi (n=6 no kēlā me kēia hui).Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka micro-CT kiʻekiʻe e helu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka callus a puni ka femur ma hope o ka ho'ōla.Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka femur i loaʻa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 4% paraformaldehyde no 3 mau lā, a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka 75% ethanol.Ua nānā ʻia nā iwi maloʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka micro-CT (SkyScan 1173, Brooke Micro-CT, Kandy, Pelekiuma) e hana i nā kiʻi voxel 3D (2240x2240 pixels) o ka hāpana iwi.E hoʻohana i ka kānana Al 1.0 mm e hōʻemi i ka walaʻau hōʻailona a hoʻopili i ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe i nā scan a pau (E = 133 kVp, I = 60 μA, manawa hoʻohui = 500 ms).Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu Nrecon (version 1.6.9.8, Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium) no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi leo 3D o ka laʻana i ʻimi ʻia mai ka projection lateral 2D i loaʻa.No ka nānā ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ke kiʻi 3D i kūkulu hou ʻia i 10mm × 10mm × 10mm cubes e like me ka wahi haʻihaʻi.E helu i ka callus ma waho o ka iwi cortical.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu DataViewer (version 1.5.1.2; Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium) e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka nui o ka iwi i nānā ʻia, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu CT-Analyzer (version 1.14.4.1; Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium) no ka nānā ʻana.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā coefficients absorption x-ray i ka iwi makua a me ka callus e ko lākou mānoanoa, a laila helu ʻia ka nui o ka callus (n = 4).I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka biocompatibility o LOIS ʻaʻole e hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla iwi, ua hana ʻia ka X-ray a me ka micro-CT analysis i ʻelua rabbits: nā hui kūlohelohe a me LOIS.Ua pepehi ʻia nā hui ʻelua i ka pule 6th.
Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā femurs mai nā holoholona i mōhai ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 4% paraformaldehyde no 3 mau lā.A laila wehe pono ʻia ka implant orthopedic mai ka femur.Hoʻopau ʻia ka femur no 21 mau lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 0.5 M EDTA (EC-900, National Diagnostics Corporation).A laila hoʻokomo ʻia ka femur decalcified i loko o ka EtOH e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.Wehe ʻia ka femur dehydrated i ka xylene a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka paraffin.A laila ua ʻoki ʻia ka laʻana me kahi microtome rotary aunoa (Leica RM2255, Leica Biosystems, Kelemānia) me ka mānoanoa o 3 μm.No ka TRAP staining (F6760, Sigma-Aldrich, Kelemānia), ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka TRAP reagent ma 37 ° C no 1 hola.Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi scanner slide (Pannoramic 250 Flash III, 3DHISTECH, Hungary) a helu ʻia ma ke ana ʻana i ka uhi ʻia o ka wahi i ʻike ʻia.I kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua, ʻehā mau substrate i kēlā me kēia hui i kālailai ʻia e ka polokalamu ImageJ.
Ua hana ʻia ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana iā GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc., USA).Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka t-test unpaired a me ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻano like ʻole (ANOVA) e hoʻāʻo i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui loiloi.Hōʻike ʻia ka pae koʻikoʻi ma ke kiʻi penei: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 a me ****P<0.0001;NS, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui.
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Choe Kyung Min, Oh Young Jang, Park Jun Joon, Lee Jin Hyuk, Kim Hyun Cheol, Lee Kyung Moon, Lee Chang Kyu, Lee Yeon Taek, Lee Sun-uck, Jeong Morui
Hiki i nā pale antibacterial a me ka pale palekana o nā implants orthopedic ke hōʻemi i nā maʻi a me nā pane kūlohelohe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi.
Choe Kyung Min, Oh Young Jang, Park Jun Joon, Lee Jin Hyuk, Kim Hyun Cheol, Lee Kyung Moon, Lee Chang Kyu, Lee Yeon Taek, Lee Sun-uck, Jeong Morui
Hiki i nā pale antibacterial a me ka pale palekana o nā implants orthopedic ke hōʻemi i nā maʻi a me nā pane kūlohelohe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi.
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