Hoʻohana mākou i nā kuki e hoʻonui i kou ʻike.Ma ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i kēia pūnaewele, ʻae ʻoe i kā mākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā kuki.ʻIke hou aku.
ʻO kahi mea nui o ka pia ʻo ka hops.Ma nā ʻono o nā pia he nui, hāʻawi lākou i ke koena koʻikoʻi no ka malt.Kōkua pū lākou i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā proteins a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hoʻolapalapa ai.Loaʻa i ka hops nā waiwai mālama, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka pia me ka ʻole o ka bacteria.
Nui nā ʻano hop a loaʻa nā ʻano ʻono like ʻole.No ka emi ʻana o ka ʻono i ka manawa, pono e mālama pono ʻia nā hops a hoʻohana i ka wā hou.No laila, pono e hōʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka hops i hiki ai i ka mea brewer ke hoʻomohala a hāʻawi i ka huahana i makemake ʻia.
Nui nā pūhui i loko o nā hops i hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ʻono, no laila paʻakikī loa ke ʻano ʻala o ka hops.Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā hops maʻamau ma ka Papa 1, a ʻo ka Papa 2 ka papa inoa o kekahi mau mea ʻala nui.
ʻO ke ʻano kuʻuna o ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hop, ʻo ia ka ʻae ʻana i ka mea hana inu wai e ʻoki i kekahi mau hop me kona mau manamana lima, a laila honi i ka ʻala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e loiloi i nā hop mai ka naʻau.He kūpono kēia akā ʻaʻole paʻa, a nele i ka ʻike nui e pono ai e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hops.
Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i kahi ʻōnaehana hiki ke hana i ka loiloi kemika o nā ʻala hop ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chromatography/mass spectrometry, me ka hāʻawi pū ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana i kahi ala e nānā ai i ke ʻano olfactory o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka hiʻohiʻona kolamu chromatographic.
He kūpono loa ka laʻana o ke poʻo koʻikoʻi (HS) no ka unuhi ʻana i nā mea ʻala mai nā hops.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, e hoʻokomo i nā hops i kaupaona ʻia (nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​lau) i loko o kahi hue aniani a hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Kiʻi 1. Hops e kali ana no ka nānā ʻana i loko o ka hue laʻana headspace.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
A laila, hoʻomehana ʻia ka vial i loko o ka umu ma kahi mahana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no kahi manawa paʻa.Lawe ka ʻōnaehana sampling headspace i kekahi mahu mai ka hue a hoʻokomo i loko o ke kolamu GC no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.
He mea maʻalahi kēia, akā hāʻawi wale ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka poʻo poʻo i ke kolamu GC, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā pūhui kiʻekiʻe.
Ua ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i nā laʻana paʻakikī, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi i ka ʻala holoʻokoʻa o ka hāpana.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pahele headspace e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hāpana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kolamu GC.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana, ʻo ka hapa nui a i ʻole ka poʻo holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa e hele i loko o ka pahele adsorption e hōʻiliʻili a hoʻopaʻa i ka VOC.A laila, e wela koke ka pahele, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana desorbed i ke kolamu GC.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia ʻano hana, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka mahu e komo ana i ke kolamu GC a hiki i 100 mau manawa.He kūpono loa ia no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻala hop.
ʻO nā kiʻi 2 a hiki i ka 4 he mau hōʻike maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ka pahele HS-pono ʻia nā kiwi a me nā paipu ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana o ka mahu hāpana i kahi e pono ai.
Kiʻi 2. Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pahele HS, e hōʻike ana i ka pahu kaulike i kaomi ʻia me ke kinoea lawe.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Kiʻi 3. Hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pahele H2S e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke poʻo i kaomi ʻia mai ka vial i loko o ka pahele adsorption.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Kiʻi 4. Hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pahele HS, e hōʻike ana i ka VOC i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka pahele adsorption ua hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kolamu GC.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Ua like loa ka loina me ke poʻo static maʻamau ma ke ʻano, akā ma hope o ke kaomi ʻana i ka mahu, i ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina equilibration vial, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ma o ka pahele adsorption.
I mea e hoʻopau pono ai i ka mahu headspace holoʻokoʻa ma o ka pahele adsorption, hiki ke hana hou i ke kaʻina hana.Ke hoʻouka ʻia ka pahele, e wela koke ʻia a hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka VOC desorbed i ke kolamu GC.
ʻO ka workhorse ʻo Clarus® 680 GC kahi hoʻohui kūpono i ke koena o ka ʻōnaehana.No ka mea ʻaʻole koi ka chromatography, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana maʻalahi.He mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa kūpono ma waena o nā piko pili no ka nānā ʻana i ka olfactory i hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai kekahi i kekahi.
ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā laʻana he nui i hiki i ke kolamu chromatographic me ka ʻole o ka hoʻouka ʻana e kōkua pū i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ihu o ka mea hoʻohana i ka manawa kūpono e ʻike ai iā lākou.No kēia kumu, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kolamu lōʻihi me kahi mānoanoa paʻa.
E hoʻohana i ke ʻano kuʻuna Carbowax® polar loa no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, no ka mea he polar nui nā ʻāpana (ketones, acids, esters, etc.) i loko o ka hops.
No ka mea, pono e ho'olako ka effluent kolamu i ka MS a me ke awa olfactory, pono ke ano o ka splitter.ʻAʻole pili kēia i ka pono o ka chromatogram ma kekahi ʻano.No laila, pono ʻole ia a loaʻa kahi geometry kūloko haʻahaʻa.
E hoʻohana i ke kinoea make-up i loko o ka splitter e hoʻopaʻa hou a hoʻopaʻa i ka kahe kahe o ka māhele.ʻO S-SwaferTM kahi mea hana spectroscopic hana maikaʻi loa i kūpono no kēia kumu.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka S-Swafer e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kolamu effluent ma waena o ka MS detector a me ka SNFR olfactory port, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 6. ʻO ka māhele māhele ma waena o ka mea ʻike a me ke awa olfactory e wehewehe i ka MS a me SNFR ma ke koho ʻana i ka paipu restrictor i hoʻohui ʻia ma waena o ka swap puka a me ke awa olfactory.
Kiʻi 6. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo S-Swafer no ka hoʻohana ʻana me Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS a me SNFR.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu pono Swafer i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana Swafer no ka helu ʻana i kēia ratio māhele.Hōʻike ke kiʻi 7 pehea e hoʻohana ai i kēia calculator e hoʻoholo i nā kūlana hana o ka S-Swafer no kēia noi.
Kiʻi 7. Hōʻike ka polokalamu pono Swafer i nā hoʻonohonoho i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia hana hop aroma characterization.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana hōʻailona ʻala.He mea nui ʻaʻole wale ka ʻike a wehewehe i ka ʻala o nā ʻāpana like ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ke kolamu GC, akā no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻāpana a me ka nui o ia mau mea i loko o nā hops.
No kēia kumu, he koho kūpono ka Clarus SQ 8 quadrupole mass spectrometer.E ʻike koke a helu i nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectra maʻamau i ka waihona NIST i hāʻawi ʻia.Hiki i ka lako polokalamu ke launa pū me ka ʻike olfactory i wehewehe ʻia ma hope o kēia noiʻi.
Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o ka hoʻopili SNFR ma ka Figure 8. Hoʻopili ʻia ia i ka GC ma o kahi laina hoʻoili wela maʻalahi.Kahe ka lua wai kolamu ma waena o ka paipu silica fused i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pipili ihu aniani.
Hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke hopu i ka moʻolelo leo ma o ka microphone i kūkulu ʻia, a nānā i ka ikaika o ka ʻala o nā mea ʻala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ke kolamu GC ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lāʻau hauʻoli.
Hōʻike ka Figure 9 i ka huina o ka ion chromatogram (TIC) o nā hops maʻamau ʻehā mai nā ʻāina like ʻole.Hōʻike ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia kahi ʻāpana o Hallertau ma Kelemānia ma ka Kiʻi 10.
Kiʻi 9. TIC chromatogram maʻamau o kahi hāpana ʻehā-hop.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 11, ʻae nā hiʻohiʻona ikaika o MS e ʻike i nā piko kikoʻī e ʻike ʻia mai ko lākou nui kikoʻī ma o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka waihona NIST me ka ʻōnaehana Clarus SQ 8.
Kiʻi 11. ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka piko i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 10. Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Hōʻike ka helu 12 i nā hopena o kēia ʻimi.Hōʻike ikaika lākou i ka eluting kiʻekiʻe ma 36.72 mau minuke he 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, i ʻike ʻia ʻo linalool.
Kiʻi 12. ʻO nā hopena hulina waihona puke nui i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 11. Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
He mea ʻala koʻikoʻi ʻo Linalool i hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi ʻala pua nani i ka pia.Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka GC/MS me kahi hui maʻamau o kēia pūhui, hiki ke helu ʻia ka nui o ka linalool (a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia).
Hiki ke ho'okumu 'ia ka palapala 'āina hop ma ka 'ike hou 'ana i nā piko chromatographic.Hōʻike ka Figure 13 i nā piko i ʻike ʻia ma ka chromatogram Hallertau o Kelemānia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 9 ma mua.
Kiʻi 13. TIC chromatogram maʻamau o kahi hāpana ʻehā-hop.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
ʻO nā piko i hōʻike ʻia he mau momona momona, e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxidation o nā hops i kēia laʻana.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka peak myrcene waiwai ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.
Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike he mea kahiko loa kēia hāpana (he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia-he laʻana kahiko kēia i mālama pono ʻole ʻia).Hōʻike ʻia nā chromatograms o ʻehā mau laʻana hop hou ma ke Kiʻi 14.
Kiʻi 14. ʻO ka TIC chromatogram o kahi laʻana hou ʻehā-hop.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Hōʻike ka Figure 15 i kahi laʻana o kahi chromatogram skip, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka moʻolelo leo a me ka hoʻopaʻa ikaika.Mālama ʻia ka moʻolelo leo ma kahi ʻano faila WAV maʻamau a hiki ke pāʻani ʻia i ka mea hoʻohana mai kēia pale i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka chromatogram i hōʻike ʻia me kahi kaomi ʻiole maʻalahi.
Kiʻi 15. He laʻana o ka hop chromatogram i nānā ʻia ma TurboMass™ lako polokalamu, me ka moʻolelo leo a me ka ikaika ʻala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kiʻi.Puna kiʻi: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality
Hiki ke pāʻani ʻia nā faila WAV mai ka hapa nui o nā noi media, me ka Microsoft® Media Player, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hana Windows®.Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka ʻikepili leo i loko o ke kikokikona.
Hana ʻia kēia hana e ka Nuance® Dragon® Naturally speak software i komo i loko o ka huahana SNFR.
Hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike loiloi hop maʻamau i ka moʻolelo i kākau ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana a me ka ikaika ʻala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka lāʻau hauʻoli, e like me ia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 9. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻike he faila koma-separated value (CSV), kūpono no ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana i Microsoft® Excel® a i ʻole nā ​​polokalamu noi ʻē aʻe.
Papa 9. Hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻopuka maʻamau i ke kikokikona i unuhi ʻia mai ka moʻolelo leo a me ka ʻikepili ikaika ʻala.Source: PerkinElmer Food Safety and Quality