Sisebenzisa iikuki ukuphucula amava akho.Ngokuqhubeka nokukhangela le webhusayithi, uyavumelana nokusetyenziswa kwethu kweekuki.Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe.
Isithako esiphambili kwibhiya ziihops.Kwincasa yeebhiya ezininzi, zinika ulungelelwano olubalulekileyo kwimalt.Bakwanceda ukukhupha iiprotheni njalo njalo ngexesha lokubilisa.Iihops zikwanazo neempawu zokukhusela, ezinceda ukugcina ibhiya isentsha kwaye ingenazo iintsholongwane.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeehops kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zencasa ezikhoyo.Kuba incasa izokwehla ngokuhamba kwexesha, iihops kufuneka zigcinwe ngononophelo kwaye zisetyenziswe xa zintsha.Ngoko ke, umgangatho weehops kufuneka ubonakaliswe ukuze umdidiyeli aphuhlise kwaye anike imveliso efunwayo.
Zininzi iikhompawundi kwiihops ezinokuchaphazela incasa, ngoko ke ivumba lehops lintsokothile.Amalungu eehops eziqhelekileyo adweliswe kwiTheyibhile 1, kwaye iTheyibhile 2 idwelisa iikhompawundi zevumba eliphambili.
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokuvavanya umgangatho weehops kukuvumela umdidiyeli wotywala onamava ukuba atyumze iihops ezithile ngeminwe yakhe, ze emva koko alihoye ivumba elikhutshiweyo ukuze avavanye iihops ezivela kwizivamvo.Oku kusemthethweni kodwa akuyonjongo, kwaye akukho ngcaciso yobungakanani obufunekayo ukwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa iihops.
Olu phononongo luchaza inkqubo enokwenza uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali ezinenjongo zokuvumba kwe-hop ngokusebenzisa igesi yechromatography/i-mass spectrometry, ngelixa ikwabonelela abasebenzisi ngendlela yokubeka iliso kwimvakalelo yokuvumba yecandelo ngalinye elikhutshwe kuphawu lwekholamu yechromatographic.
I-Static headspace (HS) isampulu ifaneleke kakhulu ukukhupha iikhompawundi zevumba elivela kwiihops.Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, faka iihops ezilinganisiweyo (amasuntswana okanye amagqabi) kwibhotile yeglasi kwaye uyitywine.
Umzobo 1. Iihops ezilindele ukuhlalutya kwibhotile yesampuli ye-headspace.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Emva koko, i-vial ifudunyezwa kwi-oven kwiqondo lokushisa elimiselweyo kwixesha elimiselweyo.Inkqubo yesampulu ye-headspace ikhupha umphunga othile kwi-vial kwaye ingenise kwikholamu ye-GC yokwahlula kunye nohlalutyo.
Oku kulula kakhulu, kodwa inaliti ye-static ye-headspace ibonelela kuphela isahlulo somphunga we-headspace kwikholamu ye-GC, ngoko ke yeyona nto ilungileyo kwiikhompawundi zokuxinana okuphezulu.
Kusoloko kufunyaniswa ukuba kuhlalutyo lweesampulu ezintsonkothileyo, umxholo ophantsi wamacandelo athile ubaluleke kakhulu kwivumba elimnandi lesampulu.
Inkqubo yomgibe we-headspace isetyenziselwa ukwandisa inani lesampulu efakwe kwikholomu yeGC.Ukusebenzisa le teknoloji, uninzi okanye umphunga wonke we-headspace udlula kumgibe we-adsorption ukuqokelela kunye nokugxila kwi-VOC.Umgibe ke ushushu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amacandelo ahlanjululweyo adluliselwa kwikholomu yeGC.
Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, isixa somphunga wesampulu ongena kwikholomu yeGC unokunyuswa ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha angama-100.Ilungele kakhulu uhlalutyo lwevumba le-hop.
Amanani 2 ukuya kwi-4 abonisa ukubonakaliswa okulula kokusebenza kwe-HS trap-ezinye iivalve kunye nemibhobho nazo ziyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umphunga wesampuli ufikelela apho kufuneka ube khona.
Umzobo 2. Umzobo weSchematic we-HS trap system, ebonisa i-balance vial ixinzezeleka ngegesi ye-carrier.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Umzobo 3. Umzobo weSchematic we-H2S system trap ebonisa ukukhululwa kwe-headpace ecinezelekileyo ukusuka kwi-vial ukuya kumgibe we-adsorption.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Umzobo 4. I-Schematic diagram ye-HS trap system, ebonisa ukuba i-VOC eqokelelwe kwi-adsorption trap i-thermal desorbed kwaye yaziswa kwikholamu yeGC.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Umgaqo ufana kakhulu ne-classic static headspace, kodwa emva koxinzelelo lomphunga, ekupheleni kwesinyathelo sokulinganisa i-vial, ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo ngomgibe we-adsorption.
Ukuze ukhuphe ngokufanelekileyo wonke umphunga we-headspace ngokusebenzisa umgibe we-adsorption, inkqubo inokuphinda iphindwe.Emva kokuba umgibe ulayishiwe, ushushu ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-VOC edibeneyo idluliselwe kwikholamu yeGC.
Ihashe lomsebenzi i-Clarus® 680 GC yeyona nto ifanelekileyo ehambelana nayo yonke inkqubo.Ekubeni ichromatography ayifuni, iindlela ezilula zinokusetyenziswa.Kubalulekile ukuba ube nexesha elaneleyo phakathi kweencopho ezikufutshane zokujongwa ngokuvumba ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukuzohlula enye kwenye.
Ukulayisha iisampulu ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwikholamu yechromatographic ngaphandle kokulayisha kakhulu kukwanceda ukunika impumlo yomsebenzisi elona thuba lihle lokuzibona.Ngesi sizathu, ikholomu ende enenqanaba elishinyeneyo lokumisa liyasetyenziswa.
Sebenzisa iCarbowax® uhlobo olumileyo lwesigaba sokumisa ukwahlula, kuba amalungu amaninzi (iiketoni, iiasidi, ii-ester, njl.njl.) kwiihops zimhlophe kakhulu.
Ekubeni i-column effluent idinga ukubonelela nge-MS kunye ne-olfactory port, uhlobo oluthile lwe-splitter luyafuneka.Oku akufanele kuchaphazele ingqibelelo yechromatogram nangayiphi na indlela.Ke ngoko, kufuneka ibe ne-inert ephezulu kwaye ibe ne-geometry yangaphakathi enomthamo ophantsi.
Sebenzisa igesi yokwenza kwi-splitter ukuze uzinze ngakumbi kwaye ulawule izinga lokuhamba kokwahlukana.I-S-Swafer TM sisixhobo esihle kakhulu esisebenzayo se-spectroscopic esifanelekileyo kakhulu kule njongo.
I-S-Swafer iqwalaselwe ukwahlula amanzi amdaka phakathi kwekholamu phakathi kwesixhobo sokuvumba seMS kunye nechweba lokunuka le-SNFR, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wesi-6. indawo yokutshintsha kunye nezibuko elinuka kamnandi.
Umzobo 6. I-S-Swafer ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye noClarus SQ 8 GC / MS kunye ne-SNFR.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
I-software ye-Swafer eluncedo edityaniswe kwinkqubo ye-Swafer ingasetyenziselwa ukubala lo mlinganiso wokwahlula.Umzobo 7 ubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa le calculator ukumisela iimeko zokusebenza ze-S-Swafer kwesi sicelo.
Umfanekiso 7. I-Swafer utility software ibonisa izicwangciso ezisetyenzisiweyo kulo msebenzi we-hop ivumba lokulinganisa.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
I-mass spectrometer yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yokubonakalisa ivumba.Kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukufumanisa nokuchaza ivumba lamacandelo ahlukeneyo aphuma kuluhlu lwe-GC, kodwa kwakhona ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na la malungu kunye nokuba anokuqulethwe kangakanani kwiihops.
Ngesi sizathu, iClarus SQ 8 quadrupole mass spectrometer lolona khetho lufanelekileyo.Iza kuchonga ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilinganise amacandelo kusetyenziswa i-classical spectra kwithala leencwadi le-NIST.Isoftware inokunxibelelana nolwazi lwevumba elichazwe kamva kolu phando.
Umfanekiso we-attachment ye-SNFR uboniswe kwi-Figure 8. Ixhunyiwe kwi-GC ngokusebenzisa umgca wokudlulisa ukushisa okuguquguqukayo.Amanzi amdaka ekholamu ecandiweyo aqukuqela kwityhubhu yesilica edityanisiweyo engasebenziyo ukuya kwibamba lempumlo yeglasi.
Umsebenzisi unokubamba ibali lelizwi ngemakrofoni eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, kwaye abeke iliso kwiqondo levumba leekhompawundi zevumba eliphuma kwikholamu yeGC ngokulungelelanisa intonga yovuyo.
Umzobo we-9 ubonisa i-ion chromatogram (TIC) yeehops ezine eziqhelekileyo ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo.Inxalenye yeHallertau eJamani igxininisiwe kwaye yandiswa kuMfanekiso we-10.
Umzobo 9. Ichromatogram ye-TIC eqhelekileyo yesampulu ye-hop emine.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 11, iimpawu ezinamandla ze-MS zivumela iincopho ezithile ukuba zichongwe kwi-mass spectra yazo ngokukhangela ilayibrari ye-NIST efakwe kunye nenkqubo yeClarus SQ 8.
Umzobo 11. Ubuninzi bobuninzi bencopho ebonakaliswe kuMzobo 10. Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Umzobo 12 ubonisa iziphumo zolu phendlo.Babonisa ngamandla ukuba incopho eluting kwi 36.72 imizuzu yi 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol, eyaziwa ngokuba linalool.
Umzobo 12. Iziphumo zophando lwethala leencwadi elikhulu eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 11. Umthombo womfanekiso: uKhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
I-Linalool livumba elibalulekileyo elinokunika ivumba elimnandi lentyatyambo kwibhiya.Ngokulinganisa i-GC/MS ngomxube osemgangathweni wale khompawundi, ubungakanani be-linalool (okanye nayiphi na enye ikhompawundi echongiweyo) inokulinganiswa.
Imephu yokuhanjiswa kweempawu ze-hop inokusekwa ngokuchonga ngakumbi iincopho zechromatographic.Umzobo we-13 ubonisa iincopho ezingaphezulu ezichongiweyo kwichromatogram yaseHallertau yaseJamani eboniswe kuMfanekiso 9 ngaphambili.
Umzobo 13. Ichromatogram ye-TIC eqhelekileyo yesampulu ye-hop emine.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Iincopho ezichaziweyo ubukhulu becala ziiasidi ezinamafutha, ezibonisa iqondo le-oxidation yeehops kule sampuli.Incopho ye-myrcene etyebileyo incinci kunoko bekulindelwe.
Olu qwalaselo lubonisa ukuba le sampuli indala kakhulu (le yinyani-le yisampuli yakudala engagcinwanga kakuhle).Iikhromatogram zeesampulu ezine ezongezelelweyo ze-hop ziboniswe kuMfanekiso we-14.
Umzobo 14. Ichromatogram ye-TIC yesampulu eyongezelelweyo ye-four-hop.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Umzobo we-15 ubonisa umzekelo wokutsiba ichromatogram, apho ubalo oluvakalayo kunye noshicilelo olubukhali lubekwe ngaphezulu kwegraphical.Ubalo oluvakalayo lugcinwa kwifomati yefayile ye-WAV eqhelekileyo kwaye ingadlalwa emva komqhubi ukusuka kwesi sikrini nakweyiphi na indawo kwichromatogram ebonisiweyo ngonqakrazo olulula lwemouse.
Umfanekiso we-15. Umzekelo wekhromatogram ye-hop ejongwe kwi-software ye-TurboMass™, kunye nokubalisa okuvakalayo kunye nobunzulu bevumba obugqwesileyo bomzobo.Umthombo womfanekiso: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho
Iifayile ze-WAV ezibalisayo zinokudlalwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemidiya, kuquka iMicrosoft® Media Player, equkwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows®.Xa urekhoda, idatha ye-audio ingabhalwa kwisicatshulwa.
Lo msebenzi wenziwa yi-Nuance® Dragon® Ngokwendalo thetha isoftware efakwe kwimveliso yeSNFR.
Ingxelo eqhelekileyo yohlalutyo lwe-hop ibonisa ingxelo ebhalwe ngumsebenzisi kunye nokuqina kwevumba elirekhodiweyo yi-joystick, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiThebhile 9. Ifomathi yengxelo yifayile yexabiso elahlulwe ngekoma (CSV), ilungele ukungenisa ngqo kwiMicrosoft®. Excel® okanye enye isoftware yesicelo.
Itheyibhile 9. Ingxelo yemveliso eqhelekileyo ibonisa umbhalo okhutshelweyo ukusuka kwingxelo yesandi kunye nedatha yevumba elihambelanayo.Umthombo: Ukhuseleko lokutya kwePerkinElmer kunye noMgangatho